RR RRL a al ee eee tial tt i, tial tt Me UY QA _ \« td ee ed htt ded SS oh SNe 5 N \ ‘ FRY 1x SO) ROMO WY AN ’ y set ly at tt eae ? / Lar Ct," SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM G VOLUME 85 es 5 Up ) fe CONTENTS Page Bartscw, Paut. (See Torre, Carlos de la.) Berry, Caries T. A Miocene dog from Maryland. No. 3035. AU SbSt PLO MOSS TAs! Ole Sep ee MN Fe ke 159-161 New species: Vomearctus marylandica. Crark, Austin H. On some onychophores from the West Indies and Central America. No. 3027. November 5,19371_ 1-3 New species: Macroperipatus insularis. Fow.rr, Henry W. Descriptions of new fishes obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross,” chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. No. 3032. Ma yO MOBS eo $05: ss ht 2 SAE LL Dee ae eles OS 31-135 New subfamilies: Trachichthyinae, Grammoplitinae, Cymbacepha- linae, Parabembrinae, Bembrinae, Gargariscinae, Pogonoculiinae. New genera: Bathysaurops, Acanthocirrhitus, Scorpaenopsella, Phenacoscorpius, Hipposcorpaena, Nemapontinus, Crossoscor- padena, Macroscorpius, Pteropelor, Brachypterois, Nemapterois, Scorpaenclla, Acanthospher, Aploactoides, Cymbacephalus, Brachybembras, Monhoplichthys, Pristhoplichthys, Rhinhoplich- thys, Pachytrigla, Bovitrigla, Dixiphistops, Dixiphistes, Dixi- phichthys, Nemaperistedion, Batracheleotris, Nemateleotris, Pteroculiops, Pogonoculius. New subgenera: Aulohoplosiethus, Aulotrachichthys, Branchia- lepes, Osorioia, Pristhoplotrigla, Stagonotrigla. New species: Bathysaurops malayanus, Bathyclupea megaceps, B. gracilis, Hoplostethus melanopterus, H. metallicus, Gephyroberyx philippinus, Paratrachichthys latus, Dunckerocampus pessuli- ferus, Syngnathus micronotopte-us, Ichthyocampus philippinus,. Brama leucotacnia, Benthodesmus benjamini, Uraspis pectoralis, Cirrhitichthys analis, Amblycirrhitus indicus, Hoplosebastes pristigenys, Sebastiscus triacanthus, Scorpaena amplisquamiceps,. S. megalepis, S. gibbifrons. 8S. meadamsi, 8. pallidimacula, 8. hemilepidota, Scorpacnopsis cotticeps, S. stigma, Scorpacnopsella armata, Phenacoscorpius megalops, Hipposcorpaena filamentosa, Nemapontinus tentacularis, Macroscorpius pallidus, Pteropelor noronhai, Brachypterois serrulifer, Nemapterois biocellatus, Scorpaenella cypho, Inimicus bifilis, Prosopodasys cypho, Aploac- toides philippinus, Cymbacephalus armatus, Bembrops jilifer, Brachybembras aschemeieri, Monhoplichthys gregoryi, M. pro- semion, M. smithi, Lepidotrigla oglina, L. venusta, L. pectoralis,, 1 Date of publication. Im iV PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 Page L. argyrosoma, L. punctipectoratis, L. macrobrachium, Pachytrigla marisinensis, Bovitrigla acanthomoplate, Dixiphistops megalops, Dixiphistes macrorhynchus, Diviphichthys hoplites, Peristedion amblugenys, Satyrichthys clavilapis, 8. piercei, Nemaperistedion orientale, Nemateleotris magnificus, Pteroculiops guttatus, Pogonoculius zebra. Garrs, G. E. On some species of Chinese earthworms, with special reference to specimens collected in Szechwan by Dr. D. C..Graham. No: 3040; March 20, 1959.t__.-==._______- 405-507 Greene, Cuartes T. A new genus and two new species of the dipterous family Phoridae. No. 3037. June 27, 1938*_--- 181-185 New genus: Attamyia. New species: Attamyia texana, Apocephalus coecum. Harrman, Orca. Review of the annelid worms of the family Nephtyidae from the northeast Pacific, with descriptions of five new species. No. 38034. June 8, 1938*_------___---- 143-157 New species: Nephtys caecoides, N. californiensis, N. schmitti, N. rickettsi, N. punctata. Oman, P. W. Revision of the Nearctic leafhoppers of the tribe Errhomenellini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). No. 3036. May OY, O88 ey 5 saa 2. a ope ee ed Se Sa ae an 163-180 New genera: ’riscanus, Hrrhomus, Thatuna. New subgenus: Carsonus. New species: Pagaronia confusa, P. furcata, Thatuna gilletti, Lystridea nuda. New subspecies: Errhomus (Carsonus) irroratus spicatus, BH. (C.) aridus furcatus, #. (C.) a. incertus. Saytor, Lawrence W. Synopsis of the beetles of the Chilean genus Phytholaema (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). No. 3028. December 3, 1937 ta 2ebece att 2 Se NS Sa SE 5—11 New subspecies: Piytholaema herrmanni pallida. Scuutrz, Leonarp P. Redescription of the capelin Mallotus catervarius (Pennant) of the North Pacific. No. 3029. Deceniber 2; 9a Soe ne ee Snares ees eerie eee 13-19 A new genus and two new species of cottoid fishes from the Aleutian Islands. No, 3038. May 12, 1988 +____- 187-191 New genus: Phallocottus, New species: Phallocotius obtusus, Sigmistes smithi. Torre, CarLos DE LA, and Bartscu, Paunt. The Cuban opercu- Jate land shelis of the subfamily Chondropominae. No. 3039. July 27; TOSS tenets AAR eT, leat Oe 193-403 New genera: Hendersonina, Turrithyra, Chondrothyrella. New subgenera: Hendersonina, Hendersonida, Scobinapoma, Tur- rithyretes, Turrithyra, Turripoma, Hendersonoma, Plicathyra, 1 Date of publication. CONTENTS Foveothyra, Plicathyretia, Chondrothyrella, Chondropomodes, Chondropomisca, Gutierrezium. New species: Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) eximium, C. (C.) exquisitum, C. (C.) concolor, C. (C.) magnum, C. (C.) sacchart- num, C. (C.) segregatum, C. (C.) scopulorum, C. (C.) beliisimum, Hendersonina (Scobinapoma) maculata, Turrithyra (Turri- thyra) mendax, T. (Turripoma) bermudezi, Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) rutila, C. (C.) subegregia, C. (C0.) tosta, C. (C.) atristoma, ©. (Plicathyra) wniplicata, C. (P.) crassa, OC. (P.) wrighti, C. (Foveothyra) natensoni, C. (F.) cumbrensts, Chondrothyretes impressa, C. delectabilis, C. tenebrata, C. re- ticulata, C. cerina, C. barbouri, C. affinis, C. parilis, Chondrothy- rella (Chondrothyrelia) perturbata, C. (C.) cuzcoensis, Chondro- poma (Chondropoma) lembdcyi, C. (C.) leoni, C. (C.) cadbrerai, C. (C.) cognatum, C. (C.) nicolasi, C..(C.) jaulense, C. (C.) antonense, C. (C.) appendiculatum, C. (Chondropomodes) santa- luciense, C. (Chendropomisca) greenfieldi, C. (C.) aguayoi, C. (Chondropomartes) periuandoi, C. (Gutierrezium) bairense, C. (G.) canaliculatum, C. (G.) montanum, C. (G.) guiswense. New subspecies: Chondropometes (Chondrepometes) torrei antoni- tense, C. (C.) t. flammilabre, C. (C.) t. cingulatum, C. (C.) t. affine, C. (C.) t. flavidum, C. (C.) t. pallidulum, C. (C.) t. alveare, C. (C.) t. lutcilabre, C. (C.) t. iosaturatum, C. (C.) t. jaguaense, C. (€.) t. minaense, C. (C.) ¢. colluumelare, OC. (C.) t. gratiosum, Cc. (C.) €. anioniense, C. (C.) t. rinconadense, 0. (C.) vignalense clappi, C. (C.) v. venerabile, C. (C.) v. puertecitense, C. (C.) v: azucarellum, C. (C.) v. fogonense, C. (C.) v. caponense, C. (C.) v. martillense, C. (C.) v. celadense, C. (C.) v. lucifer, C. (C.) v. piadae, C. (C.) v. azucarense, C. (C.) v. ignicotor, C. (C.) v. bruneocincium, C. (C.) v. poenitentis, C. (C.) v. infernale, C. (C.) v. palnaritense, C. (C.) v. jarucense, C. (Chondrothyroma) ex- imium eximiwm, C. (C.) e. aengusticulum, C. (C.) e. malleatum, C. (C.) exquisitum punctotineatum, C. (C.) e. exquisitum, C. (C.) e. notatum, C. (C.) e. cereum, C. (C.) sagebieni portalesense, C. (C.) s. mendozense, C. (C.) s. parvum, C. (C.) s. disjunctum, C. (C.) concolor concolor, C. (C.) c. magister, C. (C.) 6. fontei, C. (C.) « spe, C. (0.) c. carnicolor, C. (C.) magnum elisabethae, 0. (C.) m. magnum, C. (C.) m. signae, C. (C.) saccharinum rubicol- lum, C. (0.) s. saeccharinum, O. (C.) segregatuin felipense, C. (C.) s. lagunitasense, C. (C.) s. arangoi, C. (C.) s. vallei, C. (@.) s. laureani, GC. (C.) s. segregatum, C. (C.) s. sporadicwm, C. (C.) 8s. mameyi, C. (C.) scopuiorum cumbrense, C. (C.) 8s. perplerum, 0. (C.) s. seopulorum, Hendersonina (Hendersonida) discolorans bicolor, H. (H.) d. decolor, H. (Scobinepoma) scobina gaialonensis, Turrithyra (Turrithyretes) echinulata echinella, T. (T.) sinuosa vicina, T'. (T.) 8. hutia, T. (T.) s. opposita, T. (T.) s. rhachitica, T. (Turrithyra) canaliculata pinalillensis, T. (T.) ¢. an- dreas, T. (T.) ¢. saguaensis, T. (T.) deceptor scalaris, T. (T.) d. vicentensis, T. (T.) d. persimilis, T. (T.) hamlini xilaensis, T. (T.) h. cerroensis, Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) rutila rutila, C. (C.) r. nebulosa, C. (C.) subegregria subcgregia, C. (C.) s. paterna, C. (C.) tosta tosta, C. (C.) t. hesperia, C. (C.) t. aurantiaca, C. (C.) t. pertosta, C. (C.) t. lactea, C. (C.) atristoma umbrata, C. (C.) a. VI PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM atristoma, C. (C.) a. luctifera, C. (Foveothyra) foveata toroensis, C. (F.) cumbrensis cumbrensis, C. UF.) ec. catharina, Chondro- thyretes shuttleworthi portica, C. s. cumbrensis, C. s. atriola, C. s. mameyensis, OC. 8. clivicola, C. s. catalinensis, C. s. perplexa, C. impressa gigantea, C. i. ornata, C. i. solacia, C. i. impressa, C. 1. guamensis, C. i. hyans, CG. i. peregrina, C. i. albosioma, C. 4. rosariensis, C. delectabilis delectabdilis, C. d. palmaris, C. d. bella- maria, OC. d. amabilis, C. tenebrata tenebrata, C. t. canaletensis, C. t. scripta, C. t. variabilis, C. t. ayuensis, C. t. brevior, C. t. albolabris, C. t. montalvensis, C. reticulata encinarensis, C. r. costanerensis, C. r. galerensis, C. r. petricola, C. r. fraterna, C. r. reticulata, C. r. versicolor, C. r. saccharinella, C. r. reticulella, C. r. pellucida, C. r. scrobicula, C. r. petricolella, C. r. fratercula, C. incrassata aurantiaca, OC. i. fumata, C. i. subincrassata, C. cerina polita, C. c. roseoapicata, C. c. puclla, C. c. cerina, C. c. sub- cerina, C. barbouri barbouri, C. b. itineraria, C. gundlachi guan- ensis, C. g. porticola, C. g. murallensis, C. g. deviata, C. parilis scalaris, C. p. parilis, C. p. simonis, C. p. fossularis, C. p. anvoena, Chondrothyrella (Plicathyrella) assimilis abronensis, C. (P.) a. maceoi, C. (P.) a. signata, C. (P.) a. cisnerosi, C. (P.) a. guirensis, C. (P.) assimilis gemma, C. (P.) claudicans culminis, C. (P.) tene- brosa caimitensis, C. (P.) t. subtenebrosa, C. (Chondrothyrella) ottonis riohondensis, C. (C.) cuzcoensis caroli, C. (C.) ¢. cuzco- ensis, C. (C.) petricosa clisabethae, C. (C.) p. anafensis Chondro- poma (Chondropoma) poeyanum jibacoense, C. (C.) p. occidentale, C. (C.) pfeifferianum camoense, C. (C.) p. ganuzaense, OC. (C.) pictum varaderense, C, (C.) p. yumeriense, C. (C.) p. celsum, C. (C.) p. mochense, C. (C.) p. arangoi, C. (C.) p. anafense, C. (C.) vespertinum cabatlosense, C. (C.) v. bibijaguense, C. (C.) v. colom- bense, C. (C.) nicolasi nicolasi, C. (C.) n. brittoni, C. (C.) n. johnsoni, C. (C.) carenasense toroense, C. (C.) c. corrientesense, C. (C.) Gc. guauraboense, C. (C.) ¢e. rosariense, C. (C.) ec. cantil- lense, C. (C.) obesum palnasolense, C. (C.) 0. subobesum, C. (C.) 0. hershei, C. (C.) moestum moralesi, C. (C.) marginalbum guantanamense, C. (C.) m. subguantanamense, C. (C.) appendicu- latum appendiculatum, C. (C.) a. subappendiculatum, C. (Chon- dropomorus) revinctum biserranum, C. (C.) canescens perplenum, C. (C.) c. nipense, C. (C.) ¢. alleni, C. (C.) dilatatum toroense, C. (C.) d. bayatense, C. (C.) d. pilotense, C. (C.) d. subdilatatum, C. (C.) delatreanum santafeum, C. (C.) d. bonacheum, C. (C.) auberianum mayense, C. (Chondropomisca) unilabiatum rubrwn, Cc. (C.) u. obsoletum, C. (C.) solidulum vitaense, C. (C.) s. tana- mense, C. (Chondropomartes) presasianum canasiense. C. (C.) irradians figuroense, C. (C.) i. panense, GC. (C.) i. palenquense, Cc. (C.) i. camaronense, C. (C.) i. candicans, C. (Gutierrezium) gutierrezi negrosense, Chondrothyrium violaceum gonzalesi, C. v. serranum, C. v. atkinsi, C. v. doloresi, C. v. mortei, C. v. vigiaense, C. v. leteranense, C. v. maguasense, C. v. manatiense, C. v. sopim- pense, C. v. fomentense, C. v. clerchi, OC. v. montanei, OC. v. rocai, C. v. banaoense, C. v. tenue, . v. ignotum, C. v. saugeti. VOL. 85 CONTENTS Vil . . . . . . . Page Waker, M. V. Evidence of Triassic insects in the Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona. No. 3033. June 14, TU Sa a Na ane Rape 137-141 New genera: Paleobuprestis, Paleoscolyfus, Paleoipidus. New species: Paleobuprestis maxima, P. minima, Paleoscolytus divergus, Paleoipidus perforatus, P. marginatus. Wermorr, ALEXANDER. A Miocene booby and other records from the Calvert formation of Maryland. No, 3030. Janu- arava dae te ee eee eee See te eee 21-25 New subgenus: Jicrosula. New species: Sula (Microsula) avita. Another fossil owl from the Eocene of Wyoming. INOW S0slee eu amualy: Li. LOG Geer ee Le tad eae 27-29 New species: Protostri# mimica. 1Date of publication. ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Following page 1. Map of Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona___---------- 140 2-4, Wvidence of Triassic insects__- === ==- 2 = = ee ee eee 140 5. Leafhoppers of genera Pagaronia, Errhomus, and Friscanus—------ 170 6. Leafhoppers of genera Hrrhomius, Thatuna, and Lystridea__.__---~- 170 7. Subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondropometes) vignalense__-—--~- 403 8. Species and subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondropometes)—---- 403 9. Subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondopometes) torrei_-__-___----- 403 10. Species and subspecies of the subgenera Chondropometes and Chon- ON OLN YT ONG ae ee A Se eee ae ee ee 403 11,12. Species and subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) —~---- 408 18. Species and subspecies of Chondropometes, Turrithyra, and Hen- LEN SONUI Se ee a a ea 408 14° Species and subspecies: of Vurmthyre-—— —— ea 403 15, 16. Species and subspecies of Chondrothyra_____--__--___-~------------ 408 17. Species and subspecies of Chondrothyretes and Chondrothyra____ 403 18-28. Species and subspecies of Chondrothyretes__--------------------~- 403 24. Species and subspecies of Chondrothyrella (Chondrothyrella) —----- 403 25. Subspecies of Chondrothyrelia (Plicathyrella) assimilis-.____-_----~ 403 26. Species and subspecies of Chondrothyrella (Chondrothyretla) —--_- 403 27. Species and subspecies of Chondrothyrella (Plicathyrella) ~~ ----__- 408 28. Species and subspecies of Chondrothyriuwm—-______-___-_--_---____- 403 29-82. Species and subspecies of Chondropoma (Chondropoma) ——__-_--__ 403 33-84. Species and subspecies of Chondropoma (Chondropomorus)——_-----_ 403 35. Species and subspecies of Chondropoma_-_-----~----------------- 403 36. Subspecies of Chondropoma (Chondropomartes) irradians__.---_- 403 37. Species and subspecies of Chondropoma____-------------_------__ 403 38. Species and subspecies of Chondropoma (Gutierrezium)— -----___ 403 39. Species and subspecies of Chondropoma (Chondropomisca)_—_—__—~ 403 TEXT FIGURES Page f- Species* of (Phytholacmas 222222 2 ee eee ee 9g 2. Sula (Microsula) avita, new species: Lower end of humerus____--____ 23 3: Sula Ciiicrosula) avita, Mew SPeCCics==— = eee eee 24 4. Protostriz mimica, new species: Distal end of tibiotarsus____________ 28 5. Protostriz mimica, new species: Distal end of metatarsus____________ 29 6. Bathysaurops malayanus, new genus, new species______________-_-_-_-__- 33 (= -Bathycluipeas Megaceps,, New: SDCCiGSa2 = a ee eee 33 8. BAY CULDEE OU ECISs NEW. SPCCLOS a eee are 35 9. Hoplostethus melanopterus, new species--__-----.-___-_____________ 35 VIII JLLUSTRATIONS IX Page LO} Hoplostethus.metattlicus: new) species oli) telah see Pele 3¢ 115 Gephyroberyx philippinus, new’ species. 22 24 - e ee el 39 12, Paratrachichthys: latws;imew ispeciesssiweis ie oes eee 40 13.: Dunckerocampus pessuliferus, new species_______--___-__-~--- suse 42 14) Syngnathus micronotopterus, new species-____-_-_-_-_--___-__------ 42 15. Brame .leucotwenid,. NEW .SPeCleSe ls us 2s) Aelia si yet ee Liou kn ie 44 16) Benthodesmus benjamini, new speciessc) 2 ol 22le au sae sseh pk 45 wat Uraspis. pecitoralis, new Speciesus2 i asbexie Suan wes du by oe eng AT 18. Cirrhitichthys iancalis;, new species: 1 38 8at sabe ia Ae 49 19) Hoplosebastes pristigenys, new. specieS_____ 2222222 22 2 ews ate 52 201 Sebastiscus triacanthus, new ‘species! so crs sou aes aN itlie 54 217 Scorpacna amnplisquamiceps, new SpecieS_ 2-2 ae 55 225 Scorpaena. megalepis,; new. (spectesso2 1) sashes ena yee ie ni Pai 57 238 Scorpaena gtbdifrons, Mew ispeeiess2Ni Lt soe he) ts sa ete 59 245 Scorpacna wmcadamsi, (new \Speciess25..) Yo sa ta eshte 60 25% Scorpacna pallidimacula; new Species: $i eyesore Ba a 62 265 Scorpaenda hemilepidota; new speciesiut 2 4 a Se So Wy es sul tei 64 2s. Sconpacnopsis: cotticeps) Mew" Species. skis sai ab) Te severe ae 64 28% Scorpaenopsis stigma) mew. speciesi soisder es eds 66 29:: Scorpaenopsella: armata; new species. 22-22. sees ult te aoe 68 30. Phenacoscorpius megalops, new genus, new species__-_____--_____--___ 71 31. Hipposcorpaena filamentosa, new genus, new species____-_-_-_--__--~ 72 32. Nemapontinus tentacularis, new genus, new species..______.-_------- 74 33. Macroscorpius pallidus, new genus, new species_-____--__..-_-_---- Le TT 34. Pteropelor noronhai, new genus, new species___-___------___-_--.-__ 7 35. Brachypterois serrulifer, new genus, new species___________-________ 80 386. Nemapterois biocellatus, new genus, new species_____-__________--__ 82 3¢.. Scorpaenella cyphe, new genus, new species______--____--____- = 83 Som NMICUS -bULUs; Mew ‘SpeCieS= 2-35 2222252 2b Ves ey te ss &5 395 Prosopodasys -cypho, New specieSaLs2 Aw soled WAGs 2 ey ee Sete 87 40.. Aploactoides philippinus, new genus, new species____-_____---_-___-- 89 41.. Cymbacephalus armatus, new genus, new species____-_-___-__________ 80 42> Bembrops-filtfer)-new- Species 222 SAS Iu ae «5 2 eek te ees) 2 Pe $3 43. Brachybembras aschemeieri, new genus, new species________._-________ 94 44,. Monhoplichthys gregoryi, new genus, new species_____-___-_-________ 96 45.. Monhoplichthys prosemion, new genus, new species_______ 97 46. Monhoplichthys smithi, new genus, new species__--_____-____________ $8 40 Lepidotrigta. -oglinas new Species 2 2 hd Sass Ree Va 102 48> Lepidotrigla venusta, new species 2222 441 2 ey ee a a 103 49) Lepidotrigta pectoralis) New speciesiiLs 2 ie te ek a 105 50. Lepidotrigia argyrosoma;, new species ol 106 d1. Lepidotrigia punctipectoralis, new species________________-__________ 108 52. Lepidotrigla macrobrachium, new species____________________________ 110 038. Pachytrigla marisinensis, new genus, new species____________--______ aD 54. Bovitrigla acanthomoplate, new genus, new species________-___________ 114 55. Dixiphisiops megalops, new genus, new species______________________ 116 56. Diziphistes macrorhynchus, new genus, new species_____-_---_---____ 119 57. Diviphichthys hoplites, new genus, new species______.__-_-____--______ 120 58. Peristedion amblygenys, new species. 1235 DOM SCLYTICHINYSMCLUVILEDIS, NeW 1 SPCClOS sree ee 1S SA De eee 124 COMSALUTICHthYsiplercel. Mew SPECleS=s ss leew et a tar ee 126 61. Nemaperistedion orientale, new species_____-____-___-__-____-______- 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM parapodia . Nephtys magellanica Augener: Prostomium and. pakapodias= 3524 S==s . Nephtys caecoides, new species: Prostomium and parapodials = 2e-== . Nephtys californiensis, new species: Prostomium, neuropodium, and . Nephtys schmitti, new species: Prostomium and parapodia--------~~- . Nephtys rickettsi, new species: Parapodia___------------------------ . Nephtys punctata, new species: Parapodia_-------------------------- . Tomarctus marylandica, new species: Molars__---------------------- . New phorid flies: Attamyia terana, new genus and species; Apoce- phalus coecum, new species____----=—------------_=--S-—- == ==- = . Phallocottus . Distribution . Distribution 73. Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution . Distribution 89. Distribution ovtusus, new genus and species 2222 es eae of Chondropometes (Chondropometes) torrei___--------- of Chondropometes (Chondropometes) vignalense__-—---- of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) eximium_———----- of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) exrquisitum_———--- of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) sagebieni___-—--~- of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) concolor___------- of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) magnum__—-—---- of Chondroprometes (Chondrothyroma) saccharinum___—-— of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) segregatwm___-_- of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) scopulorum of Hendersonina (Hendersonida) discolorans__——~—~~------ of the subzenus Scobinapoma.— —225_ 2 = of Turrithyra (Turrithyretes) sinuosa__--_----------+~- of Turrithyra (Turrithyra) canaliculata___—-----.---+--- of Turrithyra (Lurrithyra) deceptor==_—------=- === of Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) tosta_----------------- of Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) atristoma__—_--—-----~-~ Of FP ovcoth yr tonne eae ee ee of Chondrothyretes shuttleworthi___ 2222s 90-91. Distribution of Chondrothyretes impressa__—-~--~------------------ Distribuition of Chondrothyretes delectabilis__-.----~.++-+.---=-+ 2 92. 93. 94, 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution ot Chondrothyretes tenebratas2= = eee of Chondrothyretes reticulata. eae ee of Chondrothyretes imcrassata = se ee ee of Chondrothyretes. cerning. ee eee of Chondrothyretes gundlachisa--2- == ee of Chondrothyrella (Plicathyrella) assimilis____-------~-~ of Chondrothyrella (Plicathyrella) tenebrosa___--------~- 100. Distribution of Chondropoma (Chondropoma) vespertinum___~~--~-~ 101. Distribution of Chondropoma (Chondropomartes) irradians__.------~ VOL. 85 Page 147 147 150 152 154 155 160 189 276 280 283 288 294 301 308 313 343 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 85 Washington: 1937 No. 3027 ON SOME ONYCHOPHORES FROM THE WEST INDIES AND CENTRAL AMERICA By Austin H. Ciark Dr. Epwarp A. Cuapin, curator of insects, United States National Museum, has been so kind as to submit to me for study a small but interesting collection of onychophores from the West Indies and Central America. It includes nine specimens of Peripatus juliformis danicus from St. Croix, two specimens of F’piperipatus barbouri from Tobago, two specimens of E’piperipatus biolleyi from Costa Rica, and a single specimen of a new species of Macroperipatus from Haiti. The discovery of a species of Macroperipatus on the island of Haiti is especially interesting, as this genus was known heretofore only from Central and South America, ranging from Veracruz in Mexico southward to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, including the island of Trinidad. Five other onychophores are known from Haiti, all of which were recorded and described by Prof. Charles T. Brues from specimens collected by Drs. William M. Mann and P. J. Darlington. These five forms are Peripatus manni, related to the South American P. sedgwicki, and four subspecies of the purely West Indian Peripatus dominicae: P. d. haitiensis, P. d. lachauwensis, P. d. basilensis, and P. d. darlingtoni. Other subspecies of Peripatus dominicae occur on Dominica (P. d. dominicae), on Antigua and Montserrat (P. d. antiguensis), and on Puerto Rico and Vieques (P. d. juanensis). In Haiti the four subspecies of Peripatus dominicae occupy local- ized and ecologically isolated habitats; Peripatus manni occurs with Peripatus dominicae haitiensis. 18365—37 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 It is rather curious that, although two genera including six spe- cies and subspecies occur in Haiti, two genera including two species are found in Jamaica, and one genus with one species is known from Puerto Rico, no onychophores have ever been discov- ered in Cuba. Genus PERIPATUS Guilding PERIPATUS JULIFORMIS DANICUS Bouvier Peripatus juliformis var. danicus Bouvier, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 48, pp. 751-752, 1900; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 9, vol..2, nos. 4-6, p. 245, pl. 7, fig. 52, 1905 (Jan. 1906). Peripatus danicus A. H. CuarKk, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 26, p. 17, 1913. Locality—Prosperity Garden, St. Croix, Virgin Islands; from rotting stump of a mammea tree; H. A. Beatty. Five females and four males. Notes.—The largest female is 45 mm long and 4 mm broad, with 31 pairs of legs; another is 42 mm long and 4 mm broad, with 32 pairs of legs; a third is 40 mm long and 3.5 mm broad, with 31 pairs of legs; the fourth is 35 mm long and 3 mm broad, with 32 patrs of legs; and the fifth is 30 mm long and 2.7 mm broad, with 32 pairs of legs. The males are as follows: 16 mm long and 2 mm broad, with 26 pairs of legs; 15 mm long and 2 mm broad, with 27 pairs of legs; 15 mm long and 2 mm broad, with 27 pairs of legs; and 9 mm long and 2 mm broad, with 27 pairs of legs. Remarks.—This species was first recorded from St. Croix by Prof. Charles T. Brues in 1925 from specimens found under a rotten log by Dr. Frank E. Lutz. Genus EPIPERIPATUS A. H. Clark EPIPERIPATUS BARBOURI (Brues) Peripatus barbouri BRurEs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 54, no. 8, p. 310, figs. 1, 2 ple 1,190. Locality — Scarborough, Tobago; Allison V. Armour Expedition; H. F. Loomis, February 19, 1932. Two females. Notes.—One of the specimens is 38 mm long and 3.7 mm broad, with 34 pairs of legs; the other is 22 mm long and 4 mm broad with 31 pairs of legs. Both specimens as preserved are light yellow-brown, lighter beneath, and unmarked. The color in life was not recorded. Remarks.—This species was known heretofore only from the neigh- boring island of Grenada. It appears to be quite different from the form that I recorded from Tobago in 1913 under the name of Peripatus (Epiperipatus) trinidadensis, but it is possible that some, at least, of these differences may be due to the poor condition of the specimen on which that record was based. WEST INDIAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ONYCHOPHORES—CLARK 3 EPIPERIPATUS BIOLLEYI (Bouvier) Peripatus biolleyi Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1902, p. 258.—Bovuvier, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 9, vol. 2, nos. 4-6, p. 321, figs. 115-118, pl. 10, fig. 85, 1905 (Jan. 1906). Epiperipatus biolleyi A. H. CLarK, Proc. Biol. Soc., Washington, vol. 26, p. 18, 1913. Localities.—Parismina, Costa Rica; M. Valerio, July 26, 1928. Under the loose bark of old tree trunks. One female. La Caja, San José, Costa Rica; M. Valerio, 1913. One female. Notes.—The specimen from Parismina is 55 mm long and 6 mm broad and has 31 pairs of legs. The specimen from San José is 45 mm long and 5 mm broad and has 29 pairs of legs. Genus MACROPERIPATUS A. H. Clark MACROPERIPATUS INSULARIS, new species Locality —Between Jacmel and Tronin, Haiti; Dr. O. F. Cook, April 11, 1926. One female, the type (U. S. N. M. no. 1275). Description.—The type and only specimen is a female 55 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, and 2 mm high, with 30 pairs of legs. The dorsal plications are very regular, all of the same width. The principal papillae are subequal, on squarish or oblong bases that rise into a broad and very low cone surmounted by a high and prominent truncated cone or slightly tapering cylinder. The large papillae are commonly separated by one or two less developed pa- pillae that often lack the terminal cone, rising from narrow bases. On the dorsal surface between the legs of each pair there are two intercalated partial plications, giving rise to a slight irregularity. The two plications over the middle of each leg tend to divide, more or less irregularly, just above the leg, there forming three or four short, irregular, incomplete plications. The midline of the dorsal surface does not differ from the remainder, except that here the bases of the papillae are narrower. The legs of the fourth and fifth pairs bear four arcs with frag- ments of a fifth. The urinary tubercle rather strongly depresses the fourth are, and appears to be independent of the third. The salivary glands extend to the vicinity of the genital orifice. The color in alcohol is uniform yellow-brown, lighter beneath. The color in life was not recorded. Affinities —This new species appears to be rather closely related to Macroperipatus perrieri (Bouvier) from Veracruz, Mexico. The type and only known female of that species is 51 mm long and has 32 pairs of legs. 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L&E HB Sia oe ontitel ti, Lruy sry niel tweet’ ‘id iyeneh Pe BA tos muh vine” a ae.) orl iain a eae ouit ay 4 j eat Be E nh kes y pithy) liane AG nnRS Sooty aE aa _ ay puter vr eae ce} ae ‘StH ie pds NA ear oie obey tale nat “dieu Site: Rid tort ak 4 ., nate Lieetaaeana afel Pel genet ‘i Mae ait. oe se rit ikea to gall ge oad: aon rt Ce radi air agile, Bins sk ye iy Brtmrod ey ea | eG S TsO aban thi oH Dug? nt at Ae hes te EF wa adie BUNA th Oa as ‘oud t pinliuenett tie! ol ata Tk dant ett pg? eae eet ne beareshi et Rey ser Hie Berks: AE otf ‘arab pints a hate eh sqite” Ay. Lae aY Jets MER ins Fedde nica Oe he etre fui ray nha : LeparAy Ly fea ‘yemanlitee:* aft) Yaya: ee) ce Bian Sue pad BEN? sg Ae: ena BY to eet at i reid areas vi tupioy ie an yea a vege ec haa TL uit hae os “es by “Ces Boris etGdlt By 50d) ARR A ab 7 is aa) palais ne Listes habe a4 0) ioe ih wh UL Abunte pein rill sie ak ai hPa ° ii ent! 1 ae Ns ae re ot x; AI US. Ta aon ce Renan ta ea be ie 7 Bist f Oni Katee nnd ‘nyt Pvt Bae ‘ll ni aie ah He yar eet eh, ceed oe ei | ‘abrngete ray rua Ete ae. on ete. Br ‘ean Mf ee ‘hon pci ey HG: < ‘NY: Sree bn on ny RNR, iy. = ‘iatbe eh ys) ; é LES eels! Aa me es 4 cae al is ted 7 in : i 9 f F F I a i Pn " ‘ ¥ : RA: AS Sy i PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued War x t a (}, . } Wai PHSON SS : Daly oa SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM OOOO: 0 0 0606060—5—0—0—0— “a Vol. 85 Washington: 1937 No. 3028 SYNOPSIS OF THE BEETLES OF THE CHILEAN GENUS PHYTHOLAEMA (SCARABAEIDAE: MELOLONTHINAE) By Lawrence W. Sartor Tue described species of the peculiar genus Phytholaema, which have more the general facies of rutelinids than of melolonthids, are known only from Chilean regions. The literature is somewhat scat- tered and much of it is entirely inaccessible to the average student; thus it is felt that the present synopsis will be of use. The genitalia have not been figured before, and as they possess good specific differ- ences they are made use of herein. Of the published data, probably the most complete is that of Germain, in which he discusses the relationships of the three species and also figures the mouth parts and antennae of P. mutabilis. The characters of the mouth parts are not used in the scarabs quite so generally as was formerly the custom, because it has been found that they are not entirely without variation, and though they often show good tribal, generic, or specific characters, such is not invariably the case. Arrow in 1903 published notes on the relationships of this genus and Modialis Fairmaire and Germain, both from Chile, with two genera from Australia and New Zealand; these all have a superficial rutelinid appearance in the prominent front coxae, in the distinct and emarginate labrum, and in the ligula fused with the mentum. The genus is of some economic importance, and P. herrmanni, at least, may at times do considerable damage to agricultural crops. 18366—37 5 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 According to the habits of this species, as described by M. J. Rivera, the group must be somewhat similar to our American genus Pleocoma LeConte in that the larvae of the former show up in the ground in December, pass into the pupal stage around August, and emerge as adults during the latter part of September or early in October. The adult males emerge a few minutes after sunset and fly low over the ground until coming upon a female either beside or in the mouth of her burrow, whereupon the two copulate and retire im- nediately into her quarters; those males that do not meet with mates within half an hour or so after the flight begins retire into the first hole they find and remain there until the following day at the same hour. The evening flight is announced by a sudden loud humming from the wings of many males, and half an hour later the insects as suddenly disappear. The adults take no food, but soon after reproduction occurs they die upon the surface of the ground. After fertilization the females fly to rich pasture lands, if such are available, and lay their eggs in the soil. Wheat lands and irri- gated fields are especially favorable to the insects; in places where the soil is quite dry the larvae live at a depth of 20 centimeters or so, but in moister soil they live nearer the surface, descending to 30 or 40 centimeters below the soil, however, when the time comes to pupate. The damage the species does depends upon the consistency of the soil, not 1 percent of the insects reaching the surface in some- what solid soil, but in moderately loose soil 15 to 20 percent of the adults may get through. The author is indebted to Dr. E. A. Chapin, of the United States National Museum, for many courtesies in the preparation of these notes, and also to Miss Phoebe Knappen, of the Biological Survey. The following generic diagnosis has been made as complete as possible so that the individual specific differences may be noted in as short a space as is feasible. Genus PHYTHOLAEMA Blanchard Phytholaema BLANCHARD, Catalogue de la collection entomologique, vol. 1, p. 218, 1850. Phytoloema F. Puivierl, Anal. Uniy. Chile, 1861, p. 7385.—VAN DEN BRANDEN, Ann. Soe. Ent. Belgique, vol. 27, p. exviii, 1883.—GrrmMain, Anal. Univ. Chile, vol. 108, p. 987, 1901.—Arrow, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 305, 1903.—RtverA, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 8, p. 241, 1904. Phytolaema WLAcorDAIRE, Gerera des coléoptéres ..., vol. 3, p. 226, 1856.— JUNK, Coleopterorum catalogus ..., pt. 47, p. 91, 1912. Areoda Souter, in Gay’s Historia fisica y politica de Chile .. ., Zoology, vol. 5, p. 92, 1851—ReprenBAcHER, Reise der dsterreichischen Fregatte WNo- vara .. ., Zoology, vol. 2, Coleoptera, p. 65, 1868. SYNOPSIS OF GENUS PHYTHOLAEMA—SAYLOR 7 Robust-oval, strongly shining above. Ligula fused with mentum; labrum small, strongly transverse, bilobately emarginate, well hidden under the overhanging clypeus and separated from the latter by a dis- tinct suture; labium flattened, with faint to moderate median longi- tudinal groove. Antennae 8-segmented, club 4-segmented in male and 3-segmented in female, with the fifth segment in females of vary- ing length; fourth male antennal segment strongly enlarged and at least three times as long as the third segment. Head with front flattened or slightly convex, clypeal suture evident; clypeus elongate, sides at times nearly parallel, usually slightly convergent anteriorly ; apex of clypeus markedly reflexed; eyes usually moderate in size. Thorax strongly transverse, roundly dilated at sides; basal angles distinct but obtuse, front angles rectangular; basal margin arcuate, not margined, lateral margins entire, ciliate; front margin with membranous border. Elytra very slightly longer than broad (about one-fourth longer than broad at most), without membranous border, margin ciliate. Pygidium transverse, visible or not from above; surface slightly convex or flattened, finely moderately densely punc- tured, with short suberect whitish pile over the entire surface and a varying number of long erect hairs scattered over the discal area; sides at base somewhat concave; center of disk often with several small tubercles. Anterior coxae prominent subtransverse ; tibiae dis- tinctly bidentate and with an inner spur (broken off in majority of specimens). Middle and hind femora and tibiae slender and grace- ful, the latter without transverse ridges; middle tibiae in male with one small apical spur, female with two; hind tibiae in female with two spurs, in male with none. All tarsi with a small subbasal tooth of varying length and prominence. First segment of hind tarsi almost equal in Jength to the next two combined. Coxae contiguous, metasternum very slightly produced between the middle coxae (espe- cially noticeable in P. mutabilis). Abdomen with six visible free segments, densely finely punctured at center, with whitish pile; first four segments subequal in length, fifth as long as or longer than segments 2 to 4 combined, with membranous apical margin; sixth segment one-half the length of fifth in the male, a little longer in the female; abdomen scarcely at all modified as to armature or sexual differentiation. Propygidium and penultimate ventral abdominal segments closely connate, spiracle on the suture but the latter almost obliterated. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHYTHOLAEMA 1. Thoracic disk distinctly bicolored, much paler at center of disk, and the latter very sparsely punctured, hair usually white; elytra strongly punctured but not rugose---------------------- mutabilis Thoracie disk unicolorous or nearly so, center of disk sparsely to densely punctured, hair usually brownish; elytra strongly punctured, subrugose to rugose_-_-----__-----------~---~--------------- 2 2. Middle tarsi noticeably shorter than tibiae; elytral striae other than sutural hardly evident; thoracic disk sparsely punctured and sparsely pubescent at center ; color piceocastaneous, clypeus and) Underesnrtace wie hteh = ee ee ee flavipes Middle tarsi equal to or longer than tibiae; elytral striae quite obvious; thoracic disk densely punctured and densely hairy at center; color variable. --_.._-__-__--=-=--L_-=-—-----=+---=======-- 3 8. Color entirely pale testaceous, thorax slightly rufotestaceous ; tarsal claws with basal tooth hardly obvious or weakly de- Vel OPC Cale Se ee ee herrmanni pallida Color rufo- to piceocastaneous ; tarsal claws with a strong basal TOO GH ae Sas ea ee ae ne he ee ee eee herrmanni PHYTHOLAEMA MUTABILIS Blanchard FIGURE 1, a—c Phytholaema mutabilis BLANCHARD, Catalogue de la collection entomologique, vol. 1, p. 218, 1850. Areoda mutabdilis Soir, in Gay’s Historia fisica y politica de Chile . . ., Zoology, vol. 5, p. 98, 1851. Phytoloema mutabilis GeRMAIN, Anal, Univ. Chile, vol. 108, p. 1000, 1901. Testaceous to rufotestaceous; thorax bicolored, rufocastaneous at sides, testaceous at center; head except clypeus with greenish luster; clypeus, legs, and elytra testaceous. Clypeus with short erect hair, apex very strongly reflexed, sides nearly parallel. Antennae with fifth male segment three-fourths the length of the sixth, and fifth female segment one-fourth the length of the sixth or less. Thorax very finely sparsely punctured, subglabrous at center of disk, other- wise with long whitish hairs. Scutellum entirely impunctate. Elytra subglabrous, moderately coarsely punctured, not rugose, without any raised striae. Metasternum usually nude. Middle tarsi noticeably shorter and hind tarsi a little shorter than their respective tibiae. Length, 12 to 14 mm; width, 6.5 to 7.8 mm. Specimens examined: 6 males and 7 females, from “Santiago” and from “Chile.” A very distinct species by the characteristic coloring, the bicolored thorax, and the genitalia of the male. The male and female antennae differ in length from those of the same sex of herrmanni as noted in the diagnoses. SYNOPSIS OF GENUS PHYTHOLAEMA—SAYLOR 9 FIGcurRE 1.—Species of Phytholaema a—c, P. mutabilis: a, En face view of male genitalia; 0, enlarged en face—ventral view of male genitalia ; c, lateral view of male genitalia. d-h, P. herrmanni: d, Hind tarsal claw; e, en face view of male genitalia; f, lateral view of male genitalia; g, female antenna; h, male antenna. i, j, P. flavipes: i, En face view of male genitalia; j, lateral view of male genitalia. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 PHYTHOLAEMA HERRMANNI Germain FIGuRE 1, d—h Phytoloema herrmanni GeRMAIN, Anal. Univ. Chile, vol. 108, p. 994, 1901.— Rivera, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 8, p. 241, 1904 (biology). Piceotestaceous, elytra somewhat lighter, thorax very slightly lighter at center of disk but not distinctly bicolored, clypeus and legs testaceous. Head with front piceous, coarsely densely punc- tured; clypeus with dense, long, erect hair, apex moderately re- flexed. Thorax somewhat coarsely densely punctured over entire disk and with long erect brownish hair. Scutellum sparcely punc- tured. Elytra coarsely punctured, slightly rugose, with four dis- tinct oblique carmae on each elytron, with several scattered long erect hairs. Metasternum usually densely hairy. Middle and hind tarsi equal to or longer than their respective tibiae. Antennae with the fifth segment seven-eighths the length of the sixth in the male, and one-third or almost one-half the length of the sixth in the female. Length, 11 to 12 mm; width, 6.5 to 7.5 mm. Material examined: 6 males, 2 females, from “Angol” (Sept. and Oct.) and from “Galvarino” (Sept.). Chile. The fifth segment of the antennae in both sexes is consistently a little longer than the same segment in the like sex of mutabilis. The present species differs from the two others in the genus espe- cially in the longer middle and hind tarsi, as well as in the much more densely punctured and more hairy thorax and in the strongly evident elytral striae. PHYTHOLAEMA HERRMANNI PALLIDA, new subspecies Entirely testaceous. Body robust and somewhat shorter than in the typical species. Tarsal claws with basal tooth varying from rather fine and smaller than in the typical form to being almost absent. Other characters as in typical herrmanni.. Length, 9 to 10 mm; width, 5.5 to 6 mm. Holotype and paratype, both males (U.S.N.M. no. 52098) are from “Southern Chile” and were collected by M. J. Rivera. A very conspicuous form presenting a different appearance super- ficially from herrmanni but in reality only a subspecies of that; all the major characters except the color, size, and tarsal claw formation are as in the typical form. The male genitalia are also identical with those of herrmanni. SYNOPSIS OF GENUS PHYTHOLAEMA—SAYLOR 11 PHYTHOLAEMA FLAVIPES Philippi Figure 1, i, j Phytoloema flavipes Puiviprr, Anal. Univ. Chile, 1861, p. 735.— VAN DEN BRANDEN, Ann. Soe. Ent. Belgique, vol. 27, p. exviii, 1883.—GrrMatn, Anal. Univ. Chile, vol. 108, p. 996, 1901. Areoda elaphocera REDTENBACHER, Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara ..., Zoology, vol. 2, Coleoptera, vol. 2, p. 65, 1868. ' Entirely piceocastaneous above; head with light greenish luster on front; clypeus and underparts testaceous. Clypeus moderately strongly reflexed. Antennal club of male with fifth segment three- fourths the length of the sixth. Thorax unicolorous, finely moder- ately densely punctured over disk, more coarsely punctured with long erect hair at sides. Scutellum sparsely punctured. Elytra rugose, nonstriate. Hind tarsi shorter than tibiae, middle tarsi distinctly so. Claws with strong subbasal tooth. Length, 9.5 mm; width, 5.5 mm. Material examined: 1 male from “Southern Chile”, collected by M. J. Rivera. The combination of the unicolorous dorsal surface, the short middle and hind tarsi, and the rugose but nonstriate elytra will readily sep- arate this species from the others; the genitalia are also slenderer and quite different from those of the other two species in the genus. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1937 £} THEN: AIT tft ee ae, 40 % sie tae » louis, aie es nasasconmet ik apart . mur AE wal aa ORT it aud, hr F taah aan. Ties h eed Lise TY ASG GAEL : etd rie Lgeth, (ANE: ote ~ SARe Ki eR AY hs toy arhatyel | 6. 08 iA fur ORY <¢ @Ot far wired, goiter crnetseisinan (led aot, aalodt shanreros mranedigaie OS METE AE Re) Af hs fivy aeiaigoater F SHO, UTE pas fi: gran Pe ee thet ANC baad : ey Oat HUE ROE qloiingl- ¥latmebonr eveqel) ene ogtash abt: ripe) bar—cog dan yet Sgeukt thdnse Litadiin vicra bo didly Taanaick « Saxoltes eigscorte sobs. Claes iotole i eeiedT: ahah obi Te ditaaal ode aiianot Sp iteh divw does poner ns vy sap GICHL Mei apey byt gt: wri? ( e774 eds ML sera Ri 4 Pb rab (thers nape enittainoky Sofie 3) cal, Some oe Vityrttall Poo af fbiow joeulit aed) vara iene Palio oie ets cater Gia Phan i ratieah aeky iasuttaue Berit. Ole eye % Sapanltan ey, ice Uh wont shin eh = beng yranay n ee a | ae ce taut ; eae hy i co Witte Hit: b mci Linnie ine: eins sulin aif) te Nel hilies ie hears near % ttn Sly esse jad PEO SANs ait fgtan cre et begged ben | rie potabittulnnelie otis adlariiu rot odd seruitto ot art BHO KE Uh otete catty eld in. waisens ov) ot eh al 0 oaeuby roy) teat und i ae , a ‘ ‘ ' v1 ‘ ? a ) ) sar Many h ae j 4 ma) ¢: AY ar ae ; ; RAT panut 5 t b 5 A § { ‘ < ai ty iS I *® cee F504 0.4 FAT GIN, 2 a ta'iead SS PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 85 Washington: 1937 No. 3029 REDESCRIPTION OF THE CAPELIN MALLOTUS CATER- VARIUS (PENNANT) OF THE NORTH PACIFIC By Lronarp P. Scnuuutz! Pauuas (18267, pp. 389-390) described as new Salmo socialis, a capelin from the islands situated between the continents of Asia and America. Additional specimens of capelin collected in the north- eastern Pacific in recent years have made it possible to study the differences between the capelins of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Since the publication in which Pallas’s description appeared is rare, the following quotation is given: 269. SALMO socialis. TAB. LXXXI. fig. 2. S. (Osmerus) fascia laterali ciliata, radiis pinnae ani 22. Clupea (villosa) linea laterali prominula, hirta, Muller prodr. Zool. Dan. p. 60. n. 125. Gmelin. syst. III, p. 1409. sp. 14. Pisces sunt gregarii et acervis innumerabilibus circa initium et usque ad medium Junii, maris fluctibus in littora egeruntur, tanta copia, ut instar aggeris ad dimi- diae ulnae altitudinem coacervati jaceant. Observatur hoc tam in insulis inter Asiae et Americae continentes sitis, quam in Camtschatea, nullibi autem majori frequentia quam circa sinum Avatscha et ad ostia rivulorum Shupanova et Schemaetschik. Mirum autem quod, ope lineae lateralis ciliatae, pisces plerum- que plures, duo, tres et usque ad denos ita firmiter cohaerent, ut sublato uno reliqui velut adglutinati sequantur. Videntur autem etiam in mari sic cohaerere natantes, et forte ad prolificationis negotium talis sexuum cohaesio requiritur. Odorem spargunt virosum, spermatis ranarum aemulum, ut Osmeri alii et cito 1 The author was assisted by his former student George B. Garlick in obtaining data from specimens taken at Newfoundland and at Yakutat. 2 The year 1826 instead of 1831 as usually cited by authors appears to be the date of publication as cited by Mertens and Lorenz (1928, p. 46) with some doubt. The title page was printed in 1831, according to Dr. L. Stejneger. 18376—37 13 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 putrescunt, ac si prima vice comesti palato arriserint, altera tamen vice non appetuntur. Hine exsiccari tantum solent pro canum pabulo, nec illis sunt salu- bres, quippe debilitatos inde alvi profluvium pati observatum est. Dira tamen fames etiam incolas harum regionum cogit ad tale nutrimentum recurrere. Descr. Forma accedit ad Osmerum Spirinchum, quo major est; longitudinem tamen 7 poll. latitudine unum nunquam superant. Caput longum, compressum, rostro producto, vertice plano. Mazilla inferior superiore longior et angustior; rictus amplus; nares utrinque geminae contiguae, in fossula oblonga, medio inter oculos et rostri apicem spatio. Oculi ad verticem, a rostro remotiusculi, majus- culi; Iris lata, aureo-argentea, pupilla versus rostrum ovata. Lingua acuta. Dentes min{uJtissimi, tactu tantum explorandi, in margine maxillarum, laminae mystaceae, areola linguae, et duplici stria palati—Opercula branchiarum argentea, rotundata late hiantia; Flabella branchialia decemlamellata. Corpus compres- sum, microlepidotum, dorso subolivaceo opaco, cum relucente virore, lateribus secundum lineam lateralem subaureolis, infra eandem purissime argentea. Linea lateralis rectissima, dorso vicinior 4; supra eandem continua fascia 1 lineam lata, hispida, obsita squamulis subtilissimis, setaceoacutis, subarrectis. Squamae etiam carinae ventralis setaceae, acutae, serraturam efficientes (unde Muillero Clupea dictus); in reliquo corpore minutissimae, strictae, ut in Eperlano. Pinnae pectorales ad ipsa opercula oblique ortae, magnae, 18 radiorum, quorum duo an. teriores simplices; p. ventrales dorsali oppositae, itidem ortu obliquo, octoradiatae; appendiculae squamiformes, ut in Eperlano et Spirincho nullae. P. ani magna, lata, segmentum circuli referens, insidensque carinae carnoso-radiatae, valde prominulae, ipsa constans radiis 21 vel 22. P. dorsi subquadrata, radiorum 12; adiposa ante caudam tenuissima, arcuata, totaque longitudine adnata. Cauda argute forcipata, radiis 18. articulatis. Vertebrae 68. The binominal name of Pallas, as defined above, has been accepted by all recent authors as the oldest name given to the capelin of the North Pacific. During his investigations of the life of Steller, how- ever, Dr. L. Stejneger, head curator of biology of the United States National Museum, found a still older name—‘‘Salmo catervarius of Steller’ —which was published by Thomas Pennant#® in his Arctic Zoology (1784, vol. 1, p. exxvii), his description being quoted in full below: The most singular is the Ouiki, or Salmo Catervarius of Steller. It belongs to the Osmeri of Linnaeus. Swims in immense shoals on the eastern coast of Kamtschatka, and the new-discovered islands, where it is often thrown up by the sea to the height of some feet, upon a large extent of shore: is excessively unwhole- some as a food, and causes fluxes even in dogs. It never exceeds seven inches in length. Just above the side-line is a rough fascia, beset with minute pyramidal scales, standing upright, so as to appear like the pile of shag: their use is most curious—while they are swimming, and even when they are flung on shore, two, three, or even as many as ten, will adhere as if glued together, by means of this pile, insomuch that if one is taken up, all the rest are taken up at the same time. To conclude this list of Kamtschatkan Salmon, I must add the Salmo Thymallus, or Grayling; the S. Cylindraceus, before described; the Salmo Albula, Lin. Syst. 512; and the Salmo Eperlanus, or common Smelt, to those which ascend the rivers.—For this account I am indebted to Doctor Pallas, who extracted it from the papers of Steller, for the use of this Work. 3 Sherborn in his Index Animalium (1902, p. xliii) states that ‘‘no sp. nn.”’, no specific names, were given, which is an error, THE CAPELIN OF THE NORTH PACIFIC—SCHULTZ 15 Steller (1774, p. 149) also gives an account of the capelin, from which Pennant no doubt obtained most of his information given above. I quote below Dr. L. Stejneger’s translation of this reference on the capelin: During June and July [old style Julian Calendar] such incredible numbers of a small fish, five or six inches long, are cast ashore about Avatcha [bay] and the mouth of the river Kamtchatka that they lie two to three feet high on the beach, two and two, male and female usually adhering together. In both Itelminian [Kamtchadal] languages they are called Uiky. They are gathered in great quantities, dried in the open air on the sand or on straw mats, and in the winter these fishes are common food for the dogs at the Kamtchatka River. The people pound the dried fishes, skin and bone, in large wooden tubs or mortars and bake them like flour in many ways, and during famine times they become often of great importance. On June 5, 1742 [old style], such quantities were thrown up on Bering Island by northwest wind that they were lying on the beach two feet high. Pennant took his account of JM. catervarius from Steller but does not give the type locality. In Steller’s account above ‘Bering Island”, “‘Avatcha bay”, and ‘‘the mouth of the river Kamtchatka” are given as the type localities of catervarius. Therefore, in the National Museum the following specimens are topotypes: U.S.N.M. nos. 33876, 47560, and 48856. The description by Pallas of the capelin of the North Pacific did not furnish adequate data to make it possible to distinguish it from the Atlantic form, Mallotus villosus (Miiller),* nor does the older one by Pennant. Ichthyologists have referred the capelin of the North Pacific to the synonymy of Mallotus villosus, which is now removed from the synonymy of that form and restored to the rank of a distinet species, Mallotus catervarius (Steller, in Pennant, 1784). The capelin of the North Atlantic, then, retains the name Mallotus villosus (Miiller). In July 1929, Fenton Drake sent the author a mature male of Mallotus, which measured 100 mm in standard length. This fish was collected near the Pillar Bay Cannery, Kuiu Island, southeastern Alaska. The small size of this mature capelin caused the author to search for additional specimens. He mentioned the probability of a new form of Mallotus to Dr. W. F. Thompson, director of investiga- tions of the International Fisheries Commission, Seattle, Wash., who kindly turned over a collection of the same form, taken off the wharf at Yakutat, Alaska, U.S.N.M. no. 103127. Two additional speci- mens, U.S.N.M. no. 103128, collected by Ira Cornwall at Bentinck Island, British Columbia, winter of 1934-1935, were presented to the author by G. V. Wilby. All the specimens examined are listed in table 1. { Clupea villosa Miiller, 1776, p. 50. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 TaBLE 1.—Specimens of Mallotus catervarius (Pennant) eramined in this study U.S.N.M. no. Locality Date collected Collector OO ee as Plover, Bay; Siperisie. = ee- a2 ae eae aaa Aug. 12, 1880._..| T. H. Bean. BOT O eo aan ee re Oe soe eee ee oe eee Aug. 13, 1880._..| E. P. Herendeen. DiGes ee ESA (oI ee. eee ere ee Aug. 12, 1880__..| T. H. Bean. CAA Dee ee 2 te eS Se Golofnin’ Bay, -Alaskalsas----s24e-0-e-- June 1880. ..__-- E. W. Nelson. Toh) trans oe eee Bering Islands. =<) 22.24ce ee yunell8954 5.22 s— L. Stejneger. ZADS Reese eee Bering S traites. 2-32 ee a ee ee ere John Rodgers and Wil- liam Stimpson. BOS LO nee eee Berin ers anc hee ae ee eee oa June 19, 1882____| L. Stejneger. QQhGteee fate ces S00. se Sess ee seo oeeeee e ASG. sisetEe oe N. Grebnitski. 4031272 ke oe Wakutat; Alaska: % 2: 4225 2s eae Feb. 3, 1927__.-- International Fisheries Commission. LOS 128 beeen Bentinck Island, British Columbia_.-_| Winter 1934-35__| Ira Cornwall. {Not'in U.S:N.M.]_|*Kuiu Island, Alaska--..2-22:.2--22-2=_ July719292 22042 Fenton Drake. Sleges (1933, pp. 9-16), in his study of the capelin of the Newfound- land region, recognized but a single species, Mallotus villosus (Miller), although he states that certain evidence indicates the possibility of races or of specific differences. Sleggs’s map of the geographical dis- tribution of A/allotus shows it to have a wide range, occupying the northern seas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. However, accord- ing to his map, and the apparent lack of records of its occurrence off the north coast of Siberia, its distribution is not known to be circumpolar. The capelin occurs as far south as the ‘climatic isotherm 45° F. (mean annual temperature)’”’ (Sleggs, 1933), which indicates a range in the Pacific Ocean as far south as Vancouver Island, where it was collected and brought to my attention by G. V. Wilby. It has been taken as far south as Korea along the Asiatic Continent. Throughout this wide range it is to be expected that the species might have become differentiated into subspecies or species, as has been found for the halibut (Schmidt, 1930) and for the codfish (Schultz and Welander, 1935). REDESCRIPTION OF MALLOTUS CATERVARIUS (PENNANT) The genus A/allotus has 170 to 220 scales along the lateral line, more than in any other genus of osmerid fish, and because of the villous bands of scales along the lateral line on the breeding male (Hubbs, 1925, p. 51) it can not be confused with any other genus referred to the family Osmeridae. There is a superficial resemblance between the dilated bands of scale pockets on the sides of the breeding males of Spirinchus dilatus Schultz and Chapman (1935, p. 68) and the greatly elongate scales (‘‘villous” scales) of Mallotus (Sleggs, 1933, fig. 8), but upon examination with a microscope the differences are at once apparent as described by Schultz and Chapman. The struc- ture and shape of the villous scales of M. catervarius were found not to differ from those of M. villosus. THE CAPELIN OF THE NORTH PACIFIC—-SCHULTZ Li, TABLE 2.—Counts made on Mallotus from the North Pacific and the NorthAilantie} M. villosus M. catercarius Character Sie lta Renan cho aSka an ering sea Slands De- Newfound: Miaerian British Co- jand Okhotsk] Korea? | tween Alaska : . lumbia Sea and Asia 4 : 12-14 (47) | 13-14(3) | 12-13 (54) «| 10-18 (14) | 13) | 12) Da ee oner cas ie 85-+0.37 | 13.67 —— | 12.19+0.27 | 12.0040.51 |.-.......- 17-22 (47) | 19-21(3) | 17-20 (55) ~—'| 17-2016) | 201) ‘| 21 and 22(?) ene encase eae 19.67 —— | 18.840.53 | 18.6240.63 |.---..-.-- 18-20 (47) |_------------ 17-19 (68) |ecc-s2e------ 16 (1) | 18() Bcc Ose AB ROVE 2257 2-c- ree Ae tenes irdosg eet eee iat SIO (SG) § Were sete 1920/0602) 0 Votes sodas el ota eee 18 (1) Principal caudal fin rays- 1 el ee THOSE IOG Ws ee PelviciTaysssces. 2 ses se 81(36)) ineuben Sees eee eae 8'(56)) 5s) | Ste sea fees ec ee 8 (1) : ‘ {175-219 (46)| 204-217 (3) | 175-209 (53) | 170-194 (8) |---------- . 5 Nee ee ene Ha )190:16--1-02 | 210-0 |- 180-08-0.07. (186 S744. 0B des oe. ; | 18-23 (28) | 22-23 (2) | 15-19(12) | 19-22(9) |_--------- Nee ee ere ee =| onieki-0:00-| 2b (1G BEd 110 78 O62 cos ’ 16-22 (43) | 18-20(3) | 15-17 (52) | 14-18 (8) | ---------- eos rer nee vee 19.33 —— | 15.734-0.48 | :15.254-0.81 |_-.---2.-- 64-08'(83). |2_--- nce CR-GS Hy Pe ee eee 68 (1) Bae aeae reas eee nag ene see GREE OTHE asso: Fess eae at | Gill rakers on first arch hae (47) 10-11 (3) 9-12 (56) OU) es 2s2=4542 above angle_____..----- 9.23-+0.53 10.33 —— 9.93+0.48 9:69-0:40. |~-==~-=--2 Gill rakers on first arch oa (45) 28-29 (3) 28-31 (54) 26-s0)(1'0) ae £ uae 7 tN re: 7 Pes : re) a is ie | i : b lea Fi hs di as ; ne) im Te uy 7 oe, Ste BSH BLIND SAT ae THsxwSSvS> yu ae ty - I gt tn ia PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued eoenes: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 85 Washington : 1938 No. 3031 ANOTHER FOSSIL OWL FROM THE EOCENE OF WYOMING By ALexAnper WETMORE Durine the field season of 1931, M. V. Walker, working under C. W. Gilmore, curator of vertebrate paleontology in the United States National Museum, collected a few fragmentary fossil bird bones in a Wasatch exposure near Worland, Wyo. This material, which has recently come to attention during the laboratory prepa- ration of the final specimens from this field season, contains an undescribed species of the family Protostrigidae that may be known as PROTOSTRIX MIMICA, new species Characters —Distal end of tibiotarsus (fig. 4) similar to that of Protostrix leptosteus (Marsh)* but decidedly smaller; outer condyle heavier. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 15156, distal end of right tibiotarsus, col- lected July 23, 1931, on the south side of Ten Mile Creek, 12 miles northwest of Worland, Wyo., by M. V. Walker, from the Wasatch formation of the Eocene. Description—External condyle reniform in outline (somewhat dis- torted by pressure), its external face concave, projecting well beyond the line of the shaft both in front and in back; internal condyle viewed in outline distinctly flattened, projecting considerably for- ward beyond the line of the shaft and to a less degree behind, the external face concave, viewed from the distal end, broad and flat- tened; intercondylar sulcus broadly open, U-shaped in outline; shaft 1 Bubo leptosteus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, 1871, p. 126 (Bridger Eocene), 27425—3T ri 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 broad and flattened both in front and behind, the anterior margin of the inner condyle produced over the shaft in a slight overhang; no supratendinal bridge. Bone strongly fossilized, dull brownish gray in color, somewhat distorted by crushing. Measurements.—Transverse breadth across condyles, 11.5 mm; transverse breadth of lower end of shaft, 8.9 mm. Remarks.—Though in somewhat worn and distorted condition the fragment described above shows so definitely the characters assigned at present to the family Protostrigidae that it was identified as of that group at once on casual preliminary examination. In general form Protostrix mimica is closely similar to P. lep- tosteus as indicated in the diagnosis, smaller size being its main characteristic. The size difference between the types of these two species has been carefully checked with differences existing between 1 i i 4 Figure 4.—Protostri« mimica, new species: Distal end of tibiotarsus (type). Natural size. male and female in species of modern owls to find that the amount is more than covered by this sexual variation. In addition, the outer condyle is somewhat thicker. Possibly the two belong in separate genera, but with so small a representation of both of the species concerned it is considered best to list them as congeneric. As Protostrix saurodosis (Wetmore) is intermediate in size between the barred and great horned owls, P. méimica is decidedly smaller. In the same locality and horizon Mr. Walker secured the distal end of a right tarsometatarsus (fig. 5) that I consider also to repre- sent the species here described. The specimen (U.S.N.M. no. 14874) is slightly distorted by pressure and has part of the slender processes of the lateral trochlea missing, but it is sufficiently complete to indi- cate its characters. I have no hesitancy in identifying it as coming from a member of the Protostrigidae, and its dimensions are such as to indicate that it comes from a bird the size of P. mimica. It is logical therefore to place it with the species of that family from the same collecting locality. Following is the detailed description of this fragment: Outer trochlea in lateral outline comparatively broad and rounded, pro- A FOSSIL OWL FROM WYOMING—WETMORE 29 jecting strongly distally, and set at a distinct angle with the central axis of the shaft (a portion of the posterior projection missing) ; considerably compressed from side to side, with free margin nar- rowed; middle trochlea relatively broad and heavy, separated from the external trochlea by a narrow, shallow sulcus; anterior surface merging smoothly with lower end of shaft; articular surface deeply marked on posterior face by a sharply angular groove, the outer margin bounding this groove projecting farther than the inner; axis of trochlea making an oblique angle toward the outside with the axis of the shaft; internal trochlea relatively heavy, projecting rather abruptly beyond the free margin of the shaft; anterior face with a broad, smooth articular surface, and posterior face deeply grooved (outer, free margin missing) ; outer face with a deep, some- what irregular pit; separated from the middle trochlea by a shallow, narrow groove; lower end of shaft broad, roundly concave on the anterior face, and broadly grooved behind; a well-marked inferior Ficure 5.—Protostriz mimica, new species: Distal end of metatarsus. Natural size. foramen. Bone dull dark brownish gray in color, well fossilized. Transverse breadth across trochlea 13.2 mm (other pertinent meas- urements not available). Compared with living Striv varia of the family Strigidae the fossil has the outer trochlea much broader when viewed from the side, the anterior base of the middle trochlea merging smoothly with the base of the shaft instead of projecting abruptly, and the internal trochlea relatively smaller when viewed from in front. It is nearer to the Strigidae in its characters than to the Tytonidae and is sufficiently different to support the separation of Protostrix in a distinct family. It will be recalled that to this time the Proto- strigidae have been separated on the basis of characters found in the distal end of the tibiotarsus. Discovery of this new species increases the number now known in the Protostrigidae to four, as follows: Protostrix lyddekeri (Shu- feldt), P. leptosteus (Marsh),? P. saurodosis (Wetmore), and P. mimica Wetmore. Drawings of the specimens described herein were made for me by Sydney Prentice. 2¥Wor reference of Bubo leptosteus Marsh to this genus, see Wetmore, Condor, 1937, pp. 84-85. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1937 eta waft Mire ofycn stile tesa = Fuster yt MOTD DFCS Lor esoy io Tooter ay vd grt miyinas wart Aoley Alte ogy ah fe feer7? a vid mie tts ik botrinda2 ovcsl, Wire bued Yeviietee aaldoosd 4! ae + aH ahi auidetiaecaine sedbide mei 9 ne sateen, wv inotareds 7 gietcul sontine.cestyothia : fete bea hire gernal har zisiin saustcaa erliny bs afer lisse elirsinlh, 8 wi} ieishh ces Sai aoa Se ait ase wahie), eelieajety oven au elchopiul gie vt ie alsin agly ovine? AS ie tito ne ste ee io eh We 2 = Gil o%fa hen eee ‘Kieagiteles tap Ves Leasretises Fasie alt Wo agen ott , Sieh vpocteajerie 2 thn ria ait: geet hh Lara: stale ole © eel rek: ong Peto? oun, ol? sds inlet ideal ieee beontes Bid: na AA Mt Preise die oval Vain » (ates ait nhs el Aer haiti + I erounay a srolienis Bg ss gi) ert was Oh del at ovheee ths atietin? a2, a: von ss he} Spar adalat : wily: ey ergo pliant jatpactet Niatie Tp eae event Pecan poNae VUES : J, ' , [igh ee Par Ane) ee, - if : a ee ; 7 ped tebal bbe bof aleon » ee LOY RTA IES TS ANT BG ly i Ke Oa fewer ; : “n [i a ‘ ty Fe ! i ‘ Ph set ’ - ey i 7 soe i a ,.. f * -. : a ¥ ; eo ae we y ce p. t i 1 re | < ‘ vy i . £ o*g f e “ay ® SA hf Rs ‘ ~- be wy Eno ( \S i\ \ bs WSS WT, \ H. W.F. del. FiGurE 25.—Scorpaena pallidimacula, new species. Type. D. XII, 10, 1, fourth spine 234 in total head length, third ray 3; A. ITI, 5, 1, second spine 23%, first ray 27%; caudal 2, little convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 5; pectoral 17%, rays 1, 9, x; ventral I, 5, length 2 in head. Pale brownish, with some slightly darker cloudings on back and sides, under surfaces paler. Iris pale gray. Fins pale. Dark brown blotch on seventh to ninth membranes of spinous dorsal. Soft dorsal with some obscure brown shades on membranes. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 98889. (2557.) D. 5241. Uanivan Island (N.), S. 68° E., 3 miles (lat. 6°50’45’" N., long. 126°14’38” E_), Pujada Bay and vicinity. In 215 fathoms. May 14, 1908. Length 98 mm. Remarks—Known by its large eye, dark blotch on the spinous dorsal, and general physiognomy. (pallidus, pale+ macula, spot; with reference to the inconspicuous blotch on the spinous dorsal.) NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 63 OSORIOIA, new subgenus Type.—Scorpaena hemilepidota, new species. Body elongately ovoid, well compressed, back little elevated. Head large, compressed. Snout broad, rather obtuse. Eye moderate, reaches upper profile and nearly before middle in head length. Maxillary reaches below eye, well expanded behind. Mouth large, lower jaw slightly protruded. Bands of teeth in jaws, and on vomer and palatines. Interorbital deeply concave, with median channel. Slight quadrate depression at occiput. Gill opening large, mem- branes only slightly united in front. Gill rakers few, rather thick and blunt. Armature of head strong. Scales rather large, ctenoid. Head, breast, chest, prepectoral region and front of belly naked. Lateral line complete, high at first, axial along side of body; tubes distinct. Few rather short skinny flaps on head. Dorsal continuous, soft fin smaller and little higher than spinous. Anal small, second spine longest, though third but little shorter and first slightly more than second. Pectoral with broad base, fin rather short. Ventral inserted opposite pectoral origin, fin large. Differs from subgenus Scorpaena in its naked head, shoulder girdle, breast, and front of belly. (Named for Dr. Balthazar Osorio, in commemoration of his many important contributions to African ichthyology.) SCORPAENA HEMILEPIDOTA, new species Figure 26 Depth 27%; head 214, width 2. Snout 345 in head from snout tip; eye 6, 134 in snout, 1 in interorbital; orbit 4% in head from snout tip, 114 in snout, little greater than interorbital; maxillary reaches 24 in eye, expansion 124 in eye, length 2 in head from snout tip; teeth in villiform bands in jaws, where widest, and narrow on vomer and palatines; interorbital 634 in head from snout tip. Gill rakers 6+13, of which 5 are above and below rudimentary tubercles; others robust and obtuse compressed rods, 114 in gill filaments, which 144 in eye. Pair of nuchal spines; pair of antero-supraorbital and 2 pairs of postero-supraorbital spines, with little closer pair of coronals pos- teriorly, followed by pair of occipital and nuchal spines; cluster of 3 short, small, supero-postocular spines and finally large suprascapu- lar spine; tympanic spine above last postocular smaller; 2 preorbital spines, posterior larger and directed downward ; suborbital stay with 3 spines; 5 preopercular spines, upper largest and with small prebasal spine; pair of divergent opercular spines, opposite one another ; strong humeral spine pointing obliquely up and back. 36541—38——_3 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 Scales 32+8 close along and above on lateral line; tubular scales 93+1 in lateral line; 5 scales above, 14 below; 6 predorsal forward to occiput. Head, breast, chest, prepectoral and front of belly naked. Small scales on posterior part of abdomen. Lateral line complete, ARK 3 A Wy) KAY ry eae, Figure 26.—Scorpaena hemilepidota, new species. Type. a3 3 < - . fp: VY ew ae) 2 i? SHS Xai, Wy) Figure 27.—Scorpaenopsis cotticeps, new species. Type. continuous, axial along side of body; tubes long, simple, well ex- posed. Scales with 10 to 14 basal radiating striae; 31 to 33 slender, uniform, apical denticles; circuli very fine. Nostril, each supra- orbital spine, occipital spines, preorbital spines and those of sub- NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 65. orbital stay, preopercular spines, humeral spine, and lateral line with skinny flaps or filaments. D. XI, 1, 9, third spine 22% in total head length, fourth ray 214; A. III, 5,1, second spine 314, second ray 214; caudal 184, convex be- hind; least depth of caudal peduncle 424; pectoral 144, rays 1, 7, x1; ventral I, 5, fin 2 in total head length. Light brownish generally, body clouded or shaded more brownish above, under surfaces paler to whitish. Iris gray-brown. Fins all pale brown. Type.—vU.S.N.M. no. 98884. (8521.) D. 5392. Tubig Point, N. 49° K., 5 miles (lat. 12°12’35’’ N., long. 124°2’48”" E.), between Samar: and Masbate. In 135 fathoms. March 138, 1909. Length 202 mm. (nui, half+ deridwrds, scaled.) Genus SCORPAENOPSIS Heckel SCORPAENOPSIS COTTICEPS, new species FIGURE 27 Depth 224; head 2, width 2. Snout 3 in head from snout tip; eye 37, in head from snout tip, 1,45 in snout, greater than inter- orbital; maxillary reaches 34 in eye, expansion 114, leneth 1,%; in head from snout tip; teeth fine, vilhform, minute, in bands in jaws. and on vomer, none on palatines; interorbital 524, deeply convex; deep bean-shaped pit or depression on occiput. Gill rakers 4+ 10, low tubercles, 14 of gill filaments, which 2 in eye. Pair of slender nuchal spines; pair of small antero-supraorbital spines, and 2 pairs of broad postero-supraorbital spines, pair of small tympanics, pair of broad parietals, and pair of broad occipitals; 2 postoculars each side, hind one larger; temporal spine moderate; suprascapular spine low; 2 widely diverging preorbital spines each side, front one directed forward and posterior directed backward ; suborbital stay with 4 low spines; 4 preopercular spines, upper long- est and with basal auxiliary; 2 divergent opercular spines; humeral spine well developed. Scales 26+3 along, and close above, in lateral line; pores 20+ im lateral line; 5 scales above, 11 below, 6 predorsal. Opercle with few small scales. Small scales on breast, chest, and prepectoral region.. Scales with 6 or 7 basal radiating striae; 10+10 uniform low, weak, apical denticles; circuli fine. D. XII, 10, fourth spine 234 in total head length, first ray 234 5 A. III, 5, second spine 8, second ray 214; caudal 114, convex be- hind; least depth of caudal peduncle 514; pectoral 124, rays 14, all simple; ventral rays I, 5, fin 144 in total head. 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 Light brown, mottled with brown. Fins all pale. Iris brassy. White spots on lower sides of head and mandible. Pectoral rays with small brown spots. Type—U.S.N.M. no. 98891. D. 5159. Tinakta Island (N.), N. 82° W.., 1.40 miles (lat. 5°11’50”’ N., long. 119°54’ E.), Sulu Archipelago, Tawi Tawi Group. In 10 fathoms. February 21, 1908. Length 38 mm. (Cottus, sculpin+-xedadn, head.) Mi : a i senrcneap noua FIGuRE 28.—Scorpaenopsis stigma, new species. Type. SCORPAENOPSIS STIGMA, new species Figure 28 Depth 27%; head 214, width 114. Snout 4 in head from snout tip; eye 3, greater than snout, much greater than interorbital; maxil- lary reaches opposite 24 in eye, expansion 134 in eye, length 1% in head from snout tip; minute, villiform teeth in bands in jaws and small band on vomer, none on palatines; interorbital 9 in head, deeply concave. Gill rakers 6+14, lanceolate; gill filaments 4 of gill rakers, which 31% in eye. Pair of strong nasal spines behind front pair of nostrils; low antero-supraorbital spine and Y greatly higher, strong postero-sup- raorbital spines each side, followed by coronal pair, then large parietal pair and finally occipital pair; strong postocular spine over top of preopercle, followed by another over top of opercle and one at suprascapula; 2 broadly obtuse preorbital spines; suborbital stay with 5 strong spines, followed by strong spine at preopercle angle, last with outer prebasal spine; lower preopercle edge with 3 spines of which upper directed back and 2 lower directed downwards; 2 NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 67 wide set opercular spines, lower little posterior; strong, oblique humeral spine. Scales 26+2 in lateral line; 4 above, 9 below, 13 predorsal forward to middle of eye, of which 5 extend forward to occiput; 2 postecular to preopercle ridge. Scales small on chest, breast, belly, prepectoral region and caudal base. Cirri at antero-supraorbital spine, first postero-supraorbital, behind each parietal, posterior preorbital and second preopercular. Lateral line little high at first, axial, tubes small, simple, and inconspicuous. Scales with 6 or 7 basal radiating striae; 7 or 8 close set short apical denticles; circuli fine, concentric, many rings extended apically. D. XII, 9, 1, third spine 224 in total head length, third ray 23/, 25 A. III, 5, second spine 214, third ray 2; caudal 1%, rounded behind ; least depth of caudal peduncle 5; pectoral 11, rays 1, 6, VMI; ventral rays I, 5, fin 2 in total head length. Body brown, head and fins paler to whitish. Iris gray. Black blotch large as eye cn membrane of spinous dorsal from fifth to tenth spines. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 98896. D. 5518. Poimt Tagolo Light, S. 64° W., 8.7 miles (lat. 8°48’ N., long. 123°31’ E.), northern Mindanao and vicinity. In 200 fathoms. August 9, 1909. Length 69 mm, Also paratype. Same data. Length 68 mm. Remarks.—Characterized by its heavy armature of the head with cirri, absence of palatine teeth, lowest 8 pectoral rays simple, short gill rakers and the large conspicuous black blotch on the spinous dorsal. (criypa, spot, with reference to the spinous dorsal.) SCORPAENOPSELLA, new genus Ty pe—Scorpacnopsella armata, new species. Body elongately ellipsoid or greatest depth midway in the stand- ard length, well compressed. Head large, nearly half of standard length, well compressed. Snout rather obtusely conic. Eye large, impinging on upper profile, well advanced in head. Mouth large, superiorly terminal, or with lower jaw protruded and furnished with low, blunt or rounded symphyseal knob. Maxillary reaches below eye, expanded behind. Teeth small, pointed, in 4 or 5 irregu- lar rows above; fewer rows below and with outer enlarged row, which alone extends posteriorly in jaws. Interorbital deeply con- cave. Gill opening very large, membrane forming narrow fold across isthmus. Head with but few scales behind eye and on opercle. Scales on body rather small. Lateral line complete, conspicuous. No scales on chest, prepectoral or front of belly. Spinous dorsal 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 lower than soft dorsal, fins not deeply notched. Anal small, second spine longest, third subequally shorter, first less than half of second. Caudal moderate. Pectoral rather short, with broad deep base. Ven- tral inserted before pectoral origin. Small fishes like Scorpaenopsis but only with scales on the head behind eyes and on breast, the prepectoral region and front of the belly naked. The armature of the head strong. (Scorpaena+y, appearance-+ ella, diminutive.) Figure 29.—Scorpaenopsella armata, new genus, new species. Type. SCORPAENOPSELLA ARMATA, new species FIGURE 29 Depth 234; head 214, width 17%. Snout 37% in head from snout tip; eye 414, 114 in snout, greatly exceeds interorbital; orbit 37% in head from snout tip, equals snout; maxillary reaches 1% in eye, ex- pansion 114 in eye, length 2 in head from snout tip; teeth small, pointed, moderately broad band above, lower band narrower with outer row little enlarged and along whole extent of mandible; tri- angular band of small teeth on vomer, none on palatines; interorbital 7, deeply concave, with deep, median, longitudinal channel; rather deep quadrate occipital depression. Gill rakers 6+ 12, of which 4 or 5 above and below short asperous tubercles; gill rakers subequal with gill filaments, which 3 in eye. Pair of short, strong nasal spines; antero-supraorbital spines low and 3 pairs of postero-supraorbital spines, followed by occipital and nuchal pair; 2 small suprapostocular spines, followed by 2 large ones and finally suprascapular spine; small tympanic spine over and close to second (fourth of entire series) large postocular; blunt anterior preorbital spine directed downward; suborbital stay with 3 spines; 5 Dl Tatil NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—-FOWLER 69 preopercular spines, upper largest, with small spine before its base externally; 2 wide set opercular spines, opposite, lower nearly reach- ing gill opening; strong humeral spine inclined back and upward. Scales 37+32 close above and along lateral line; tubular scales 23+12 in lateral line; 6 scales above, 14 below; 3 postocular; 9 pre- dorsal to occipital spines. Head largely naked, except patch of few postocular scales and small area on upper part of opercles. Chest, breast, prepectoral region, front of abdomen and _ pectoral bases naked. Lateral line high, slopes along side of body axially; tubes large, simple, well exposed. Scales with 8 or 9 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 17 to 20, slender, rather long, uniform; circuli fine. Flap long as pupil each side of snout tip; large fringed flap from front nostril; sma!l filament from first postero-supraorbital spine; large flap from second preorbital spine. D. XII, 9, 1, third spine 3149 in total head length, third ray 234; A. HII, 5, 1, second spine 31,, first ray 214; caudal 134, convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 5; pectoral 1%, rays m1, 7, xr; ventral rays I, 5, fin 2 in total head length. Light brown, paler to whitish below. Obscure darker brown bar across predorsal and 5 others from bases of dorsals on back, first at fifth dorsal spine, second at seventh, third at eleventh, fourth at third dorsal ray, fifth at seventh. Dark bar from lower eye edge down on cheek. Spinous dorsal with dark brown terminally on membranes as well as basally. Soft dorsal with obscure brown blotches. Several gray spots on pale or whitish anal. Caudal whitish, with 3 or 4 very indistinct darker transverse bars. Pectoral brown, with 4 dark bars transversely, outer 2 wider. Ventral whitish, little brownish terminally. Type—U.S.N.M. no. 98893. (2098.) D. 5117. Sombrero Island, S.17° E., 10.8 miles (lat. 138°52’22”’ N., long. 120°46’22”’ E.), Balayan Bay and Verde Island Passage. In 118 fathoms. January 21, 1908. Length 88 mm. (armata, armed, with reference to the spines on the head.) 7 PHENACOSCORPIUS, new genus Type.—P henacoscorpius megalops, new species. Body compressed, elongately ovoid, back but little elevated. Head large, compressed. Snout short, obtuse, less than eye. Eye large, nearly in front half of head, meets upper profile. Mouth large, closed jaws nearly even. Maxillary reaches below eye, expanded behind. Teeth in villiform bands in jaws, on vomer, none on palatines. Interorbital narrow, concave. Guill opening wide, mem- branes scarcely united, free from isthmus. Gill rakers lanceolate. Pseudobranchiae well developed. Spines of head strongly developed, 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 85 large, conspicuous, with high keels and sharp points. Few slender filaments on head. Scales large, weakly ctenoid, cover most of head, but fins except caudal base naked. Lateral line very short, only slightly developed on several anterior scales. Dorsals moderately notched, spines moderate and soft fin shorter than spinous. Anal like soft dorsal, spines slender, second largest. Caudal rounded. Pectoral moderate, reaches anal. Ventral small, inserted slightly before pectoral. Characterized chiefly by its imperfect lateral line, large scales, heavy armature of the head and large eyes. (pévot, cheat + Scorpius, with reference to the incomplete lateral line.) PHENACOSCORPIUS MEGALOPS, new species FIGURE 30 Depth 24% to 3; head 214 to 214, width 134 to 1%. Snout 4 to 41, in head from snout tip; eye 314 to 334, greater than snout or interorbital; orbit 314 to 324 in head from snout tip; maxillary reaches 14 in eye, expansion 114 to 1% in eye, length 2 in head from snout tip; teeth finely villiform, in bands of moderate width in jaws, and small triangular band on vomer, none on palatines; interorbital 81% to 914, deeply concave. Gill rakers 7+ 14, lanceolate, of which 4 or 5 above and below rudiments; slightly longer than gill filaments or 3 in orbit. Spines all well developed, strong; pair of nasals; pair of antero- supraorbitals, 8 pairs of postero-supraorbitals followed by 2 strong occipital and nuchal pairs; 8 postoculars, first small and close behind eye; strong suprascapular spine; 2 very broad obtuse preorbitals; suborbital stay with 6 or 7 spines, of which last may be double; 4 preopercular spines, with small one at outer front edge of uppermost, which longest; 2 widely divergent opercular spines, opposite and lower sometimes extends over gill opening; strong oblique humeral spine. Scales 30+3 close above and along axial row of scales on side; 14 or 15 scales transversely at origins of soft dorsal and spinous anal; 3 postocular scales; 17 predorsal forward to middle of eyes. Lateral line very incomplete, only extends from suprascapula back over 4 or 5 scales, tubes large, well exposed and simple. Scales with 8 to 12 basal radiating striae; row of 14 to 18 rather long, weak apical denticles; circuli fine, coarser apically. Scales much smaller on breast, chest, and belly than on sides. More or less slender, simple, filaments at second supraorbital, occipital and second preorbital spines. e NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 71 D. XII, 9, 1, fourth spine 27% to 3 in head, fourth ray 216 to 243; A. III, 5, 1, second spine 2% to 224, third ray 21% to 2%; caudal 144 to 17%, rounded convexly behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 4, to 444; pectoral 114 to 134, rays 1, 8, vii; ventral rays I, 5, fin 17% to 2 in total head length. Pale brownish generally. Iris grayish above. Fins all pale to whitish. Spinous dorsal with dark brown to blackish blotch on sixth or seventh (or even eighth) membranes. Ficurp 30.—Phenacoscorpius megalops, new genus, aew species. Type. Type-—U.S.N.M. no. 98903. (3696.) D. 5387. Bagatao Island Light (outer), S. 80° E., 27 miles (lat. 12°54’40”’ N., long. 123°20'80 E.), between Burias and Luzon. In 209 fathoms. March 11, 1909. Length 109mm. Also a series of paratypes, in depths from 37 to 340 fathoms. Remarks.—Philippines, East Indies. A very distinct form, easily known by its very large eyes and incomplete lateral line, also the strong armature of the head. Several of the specimens with rather large lerneans attached to the eye. In young black dorsal spot very contrasted and extends over all membranes involved. (uéyas, large+ ay, eye.) HIPPOSCORPAENA, new genus Type.—Hip poscorpacna filamentosa, new species. Body deepest at hind part of head, slopes rapidly down behind. Head very large, compressed, deep, inclined forward. Snout very long, well compressed, with well concave profile, end in front as protuberance. Eye small, greatly elevated and orbital socket well 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 protruded above in upper profile of head. Mouth rather small, low, lower jaw shallow and little protruded in front. Teeth obsolete. Maxillary greatly expanded behind. Interorbital deeply concave. Gill rakers short low tubercles. Scales small, smooth, adherent. Lateral line complete, axial, with rather large tubes. Head and body with skinny flaps. Fin rays simple. Two dorsals, separating notch deep and front rays of first fin highest. Anal opposite soft dorsal, base little shorter. Caudal rather long, lower rays longest. Pec- toral large. Ventral inserted well before pectoral, smaller. Resembles Zaenianotus Lacépeéede, but with much deeper body, very different physiognomy, well-separated dorsals, and advanced ventrals. (ixmos, horse+ Scorpaena.) Zs: LZ Se 2 Sa ances Ficur® 31.—Hipposcorpaena filamentosa, new genus, new species. Type. HIPPOSCORPAENA FILAMENTOSA, new species Figure 31 Depth 214; head 2% 9, width 214. Snout 1%») in head from snout tip; eye 614,314 in snout, greater than interorbital; maxillary not quite reaching opposite front eye edge, expansion 38 in snout, length 244 in head from snout tip; interorbital 114 in eye; preopercle edge with 4 divergent spines, upper 2 largest. Guill rakers 6+11 low spinescent tubercles, about half of gill filaments, which half of eye. Scales about 80 counted along lateral line to caudal base; tubes 22 in lateral to caudal base and 2 more on latter; 6 scales above, 15 below. No distinct scales on head. Supraorbital flap simple, little longer than eye. Close along and above lateral line row of 8 rather long cutaneous flaps. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER q3 D. XI, 10, second spine 2 in total head, fifth ray 234; A. 9, fifth ray 224; caudal 114, rays branched and lower longer; least depth of caudal peduncle 47%; pectoral 134, rays 14; ventral rays, I, 5, fin 14% in total head length. Brown generally. Iris gray. Fins mostly paler than body, except black ventrals and lower part of caudal with longer rays. Supra- ocular fiap dark. Type—U.S.N.M. no, 98819. D. 5253. Linao Point, N. 22° E., 1.5 miles (lat. 7°4’48’’ N., long. 125°39’38’’ E.), Gulf of Davao. In 28 fathoms. May 18, 1908. Length 38 mm. (filamentosa, with filaments. ) NEMAPONTINUS, new genus Type—Nemapontinus tentacularis, new species. Body well compressed, ovate. Head large, compressed. Muzzle long, conic, longer than snout. Eye little advanced from middle of head, impinging little on upper profile. Mouth large, lower jaw slightly protruding. Maxillary reaches below eye, well expanded behind. Teeth in villiform bands in jaws and on vomer, none on palatines. Armature of head prominent, spines all well developed. Gill opening large, deeply cleft, membranes divided, free. Guill rakers lanceolate. Scales small, in oblique or inclined series on body, ctenoid. Lateral line complete, axial along side of body. Dorsals united, anterior spines highest. Soft dorsal rounded. Anal with 3 spines, of which second largest. Caudal rounded convexly behind. Pectoral with deep base, rays all simple, fin rather large. Ventral moderate, inserted little before pectoral origin. Closely related to Pontinus Poey, but differs in the very long supra- orbital tentacles. (vnwa, thread+ Pontinus.) NEMAPONTINUS TENTACULARIS, new species FIGuRE 32 Depth 234 to 3; head 1,% to 2,5, width 214 to 2144. Snout 314 to 324 in head from snout tip; eye 414 to 434, 114 im snout, nearly twice as wide as interorbital; maxillary reaches 14 to % in eye, expansion 11% to 144 in eye, length 214 to 21% in head from snout tip; teeth finely villiform, in broad bands in jaws and on vomer, none on pala- tines; interorbital 934 to 11, deeply concave. Gill rakers 6+13, mod- erate, of which 4 above and 6 below rudimentary tubercles; equal gill filaments or 3 in eye. Pair of small, strong, nasal spines; pair of antero-supraorbital spines and 3 pairs of postero-supraorbital spines, followed by pair of 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 well developed occipital and nuchal spines; strong postorbital spine, followed by another more posterior and close to smaller one on supra- scapula; 2 preorbital spines, posterior larger and directed backward ; suborbital stay with 4 spines, of which first on preorbital; 4 preoper- cular spines, upper largest and with smali prebasal spine; 2 wide set opercular spines, larger above, opposite one another; strong humeral spine. Wes : ee rnd / LF a uy a Re Ck. Wa (Ze DORE eR = Ke ae —— YY ns +n ISIAH eh N ry apa Mp aepaaersessararcassuie EEE RIN INO FIGURE 82.—Nemapontinus tentacularis, new genus, new species. Type. Scales 42 to 45+3 close above and along lateral line; tubular scales 23 to 29+1 or 2 in lateral line; 8 scales above, 12 to 14 below; 14 to 17 predorsal; 3 postoculars. Scales very small on breast, chest, pre- pectoral region, also on caudal base. Lateral line complete, axial; tubes long, slender, simple, well exposed. Scales on cheek and post- ocular smaller than others on opercle and top of head, which other- wise naked. Long supraorbital filament 214 in total head length (less developed or absent in small examples). Small filament at antero-supraorbital spine, also one at each preorbital spine. Scales with 11 to 14 short marginal radiating basal striae; 48 to 50 fine apical denticles, slender, with 3 transverse series of basal elements; circuli fine. D. XII, 9, 1, fourth spine 31% to 4 in total head length, fourth ray 214 to 234; A. III, 5,1, second spine 234 to 314, second ray 24% to 234; caudal 2, convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 5; pectoral 134 to 1%, rays 16; ventral rays I, 5, fin & to 275 in head from snout tip. Brown, clouded obscurely with paler and darker. Five dark sad- dles along edge of back, but little reflected on bases of fins. Iris pale, with some grayish. Supraorbital tentacle blackish. Fins all NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—-FOWLER 75D pale or light brown. Some obscure brownish cloudings on spinous dorsal, especially on sixth to eighth membranes. Type—U.S.N.M. no. 98887. (3143.) D. 5519. Point Tagolo Light, S. 71° W., 8.7 miles (lat. 8°47’ N., long. 123°31’15’’ E.), northern Mindanao and vicinity. In 182 fathoms. August 9, 1909. Length 185 mm. Paratypes.—U.S.N.M. no. 99008. (8231, 3232.) D. 5279. Mala- vatuan Island (W.), S. 18° W., 5.40 miles (lat. 18°57’30’’ N., long. 120°22’15’’ E.), China Sea, vicinity of southern Luzon. In 117 fathoms. July 17, 1908. Length 158 to 168 mm. Two examples. (tentacularis, with tentacles.) CROSSOSCORPAENA, new genus Type.—Sebastes hexanema Giinther. Body elongately ovoid, rather slender. Head large, pointed. Snout long, little convex in profile. Eye large, well impinging on upper profile of head, largely premedian. Mouth little inclined, lower jaw slightly projecting. Maxillary extends below eye, ex- panded terminally. Interorbital narrow. Teeth in jaws and on palate. Armature of head well developed. Scales small, especially on chest, breast, and prepectoral region. Head largely scaly, muzzle naked. Few short filaments on head and row along lateral line. Dorsal continuous, spinous section with longer base though longest spines lower than soft dorsal, membrane entire, spines 12. Anal with 3 spines, shorter than rays. Caudal truncate. Pectoral small, also ventral. Small rosy fishes of the East Indies, chiefly characterized by the row of small filaments along the entire course of the lateral line. (kpooool, fringe+ Scorpaent.) MACROSCORPIUS, new genus Lype—Macroscorpius pallidus, new species. Body elongate, slender, moderately compressed, deepest at spinous dorsal origin. Head large, conic, elongate. Snout long, conic. Eye high, rather small, before middle in head. Mouth large, inclined little from horizontal. Jaws about equal, with broad dental area of upper jaw exposed. Mandible scarcely or not protruding, with broad bony spur at symphysis. Teeth fine, roughly granular, sharp points prickly to touch; narrow band on vomer and each palatine. Interorbital low, nearly level. Gull opening wide, but slightly joined to isthmus. Gill rakers lanceolate, moderate. Bones of head all more or less cavernous, with sharp though small and inconspicuous spines. Scales caducous, cycloid. Head largely naked. Bases of caudal and pectoral scaly. Lateral line complete, conspicuous canal, 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 with large pores few in number, axial along upper side of body. Dorsals separated, membranes of spinous fin entire to ends of spines; soft fin nearly or quite high as first dorsal. Anal similar, smaller and opposite, with 2 slender spines, second larger and longer. Caudal moderate, rudimentary rays well developed. Pectoral long, reaches to or little in anal, especially in young, with broad base, simple rays nearly half number of fin rays. Ventral inserted slightly before pectoral origin, fin rather small. Apparently differs from Léoscorpius Gimther in the presence of but 2 anal spines, a character not shared by any species of Setarches. Setarches remiger (Gilbert and Cramer) differs further not only in its 3 anal spines, but also the deeper body, more dorsal spines, and the dorsal fins joined; moreover its pectoral is longer and its scales are very small. (uaxpds, long+ oxopzios, scorpion.) MACROSCORPIUS PALLIDUS, new species FIGURE 33 Depth 4 to 41%; head 216 to 214, width 2 to 214. Snout 27% to 3 in head from snout tip; eye 6 to 634, 17% to 214 in snout, 1 in inter- orbital; orbit 4 to 524 in head from snout tip, 134 to 184 in snout; maxillary reaches 24 to 34 in eye, expansion 1144 to 11%, length 1%o to 2 in head from snout tip; bands of villiform teeth broad in jaws, narrow on vomer and palatines, with series of latter long; interorbital 6 to 634, low, convex. Gill rakers 7+10, of which 3 or 4 above and below rudiments; gill filaments 7 of gill rakers which 144 in eye. Pair of very small, close-set nasal spines; small antero-supraorbital spines rather low each side; occipito-nuchal ridge long, fused, each ending in a small nuchal spine behind 2 postocular spines, posterior larger and above upper end of vertical preopercle edge; suprascapular spine rather large; 2 preorbital spines, both directed backward and posterior larger; suborbital stay with 1 or 2 feeble spines, ends in one behind and another little above terminal one; 5 rather short, strong, preopercular spines; 2 small divergent opercular spines, about op- posite. No humeral spine. Scales 40+4 close above and along lateral line; tubular scales 28+3 in lateral line; 6 scales above, 12 below; 10 predorsal forward to occiput. Cheeks, opercle and postocular scaly. Small scales on chest, breast, prepectoral and belly. Scales with 7 basal radiating striae; eirculi fine. D. X-I, 10, 1, fourth spine 3 to 31% in total head, second ray 234 to 314; A. IT, 6, 1, second spine 43% to 5, third ray 3 to 314; caudal 154 w 1%, shghtly concave behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 614 to NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER U1 614; pectoral 114 to 114, rays m1, 14, rx; ventral rays I, 5, fin 214 to 21% in total head. Pale brownish, nearly uniform, fins all paler or nearly whitish. Iris light grayish. Peritoneum blackish. Type—U.S.N.M. no. 98890. D. 5518. Point Tagolo Light, S. 64° W., 8.7 miles (lat. 8°48’ N., long. 123°31’ E.), northern Mindanao and vicinity. In 200 fathoms. August 9, 1909. Length 169 mm. Also a series from the Philippines in 162 to 226 fathoms. (pallidus, pale.) bald STA OT YP) 3 H. W.F. del. Ficure 33.—Macroscorpius pallidus, new genus, new species. Type. PTEROPELOR, new genus Type—Pieropelor noronhai, new species. Body well compressed, ovate. Head large, well compressed, wich prominent cranial ridge. Snout compressed, deeply concave in profile, moderate. Eye moderate, elevated, well impinging on upper profile, elevated, little advanced in head. Mouth large, lower jaw protrud- ing. Maxillary reaches below eye. Cranium with deep pit behind eyes. Spines of head distinct, not especially prominent. Gill opening wide, membranes only narrowly connected. Gill rakers tuberculate. Scales rather large, deciduous, cycloid. Lateral line distinct only anteriorly. Long supraorbital flap. Dorsals deeply notched and spinous fin higher and well set off from soft fin; each membrane of spinous dorsal at least half notched terminally. Anal like soft dorsal. Caudal elongate, rounded. Pectoral moderate, reaches into anal fin. Ventral small, inserted well before pectoral, only reaches half way in pectoral. Somewhat with the aspect of Znémicus and also seems closer to Pterodichthys, from which it differs in its incised spinous dorsak membranes, absence of barbels, and large scales. (rrepév, fin-+ Pelor.) 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 PTEROPELOR NORONBAI, new species Fiaure 34 Depth 2% to 3; head 214 to 21%, width 2. Snout 3 to 3%49 in head from snout tip; eye 4144 to 424, 124 to 114 in snout, greatly exceeds interorbital; maxillary reaches 14 to 24 in eye, expansion 114, length 2 in head from snout tip; bands of minute villiform teeth in jaws, and triangular patch on vomer, none on palatines; interorbital 6 to 7, deeply concave. Gill rakers 6+12, though only 6 lower developed, others as rudiments; length 35 of gill filaments, which 214 in eye. Pair of small nasal spines; 3 pairs of supraorbital spines, as antero- supraorbital pair, and 2 elevated postero-supraorbital pairs, of which posterior much larger; very small pair of coronal spines, then pair of occipital and nuchal spines close; row of 3 postocular spines, fol- H. W. F. del. Ficurp 34.—Pteropelor noronhai, new genus, new species. Type. lowed by suprascapular spine; preorbital spine directed little back- ward; suborbital stay with 3 spines, preceded by median preorbital spine; 4 distinct spines on preopercle edge, second below end of preorbital stay largest; 2 divergent opercular spines, opposite one another; strong humeral spine. Scales 25+3 along course of lateral line (as computed to caudal base) ; lateral line of only 5 or 6 scales anteriorly, sloping down axially and tubes long, slender, and well exposed; 4 or 5 scales above, 7 below. Head naked. Chest, breast, and prepectoral region naked. Scales small on belly. Nasal tentacle long as eye; supraorbital ten- tacle nearly twice long as eye; several filaments on each mandibular ramus, anterior longest; long flap to preorbital spine. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 79 D. XII, 9, 1, fifth spine 17% in total head length, third ray 144 to 2; A. III, 5, 1, third spine 31% to 3%, third ray 1% to 2; caudal 114 to 114, inframedian rays longest; least depth of caudal peduncle 43/ to 444; pectoral 134, rays 15, all simple, and membranes deeply incised terminally; ventral with spine and 5 rays, fin 134 to 2 in total head length. Brown, obscurely clouded darker on head above and below each dorsal on back. Spinous dorsal with membranes dark gray termi- nally and dark blotches basally. Soft dorsal with dark gray median blotch and terminally blackish gray. Pectoral with 2 dark brown blotches. Other fins more or less gray black terminally. Type—U.S.N.M. no. 98892. D. 5310. Lat. 21°33’ N., long. 116°18” E., China Sea, vicinity of Hong Kong. In 100 fathoms. November 4, 1908. Length 44mm. (688.) Paratype—U.S.N.M. no. 99009. D. 5310. Same data. Length 48 mm. (For Dr. Adolfo Cesar di Noronha, of Madeira.) BRACHYPTEROIS, new genus Type.—Brachypterois serrulifer, new species. Known by its short dorsal spines, shorter than soft dorsal rays. Caudal long and pointed. Long pectoral reaches near caudal base. Ventral half long as pectoral. Preorbital depth half of eye. Ridges of head serrulate, including mandible. Eye greatly longer than snout. No flaps or cirri. Differs from Hbosia, to which it is related, in its entirely different physiognomy. (Bpaxis, short+ Pterois; with reference to the short dorsal spines.) BRACHYPTEROIS SERRULIFER, new species FIgurE 35 Depth 234; head 214, width 2. Snout 414 in head from snout tip; eye 334, much greater than snout or interorbital; maxillary reaches 24 in eye, expansion 114, length 2 in head from snout tip; bands of very minute, fine, villiform teeth in jaws, also small patch each side of head of vomer, and palatines toothless; interorbital 7, concave, with rather deep median longitudinal groove. Guill rakers 5+11, with 3 above and below rudiments; length equals gill filaments or 1% of eye. No nasal spines; supraorbital ridge finely serrated; parietal occi- pital ridge continuous, edge finely serrated; postocular ridge high, its edge serrated; lower edge of preorbital with 5 spines all directed down; ridge of suborbital stay serrated its whole length; preoper- cular edge with 5 rather prominent denticles, upper 2 directed back 36541—38——4 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 85 and all others directed downward, also lower with several smaller or auxiliary denticles; lower inner edge of each mandibular ramus finely serrated. Scales 40+4 close above along lateral line; tubes 25+1 in lateral line; 5 scales above lateral line to base of third dorsal spine, 11 below to anal origin; 15 predorsal opposite front pupil edge; 3 postocular scales; 4 obliquely back from lower eye edge to angle of preorbital stay and 8 below latter in vertical series behind maxillary; 7 rows transversely over maxillary expansion. Small scales on caudal and pectoral basally, also small on chest and breast. Scales with 10 or 11 basal radiating striae; edge with several coarse or obtuse points apically; circuli very fine, obsolete apically. Ee ay Se LOD NBO WW VII) DAILN AWN WOR RNR LEN SOR i SS LES, Is LORS vm. s H. W.F. del FiGurb 35.—Brachypterois serrulifer, new genus, new species. Type. D. XII-I, 1, 9, 1, fourth spine 214 in total head length and membranes apparently entire well toward tips of spines, third branched ray 134; A. ITI, 5, 1, third spine 294, third ray 144; caudal 1, ends in median point behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 414; pectoral reaches 11% to caudal base or its length 17% in fish with- out caudal, rays m1, 6, vt; ventral rays I, 5, fin 114 in head. Brown, with 6 darker, narrow, ill defined, transverse cross bands on back and upper sides. Three dark brown bars radiate down from eye, first at middle of lower edge, second from lower hind edge and third back over postocular. Large blackish brown blotch on opercle, nearly size of eye. Iris gray. Spinous dorsal gray mar- ginally. Paired fins dark gray medially, on membranes, edges and rays pale to whitish. Soft dorsal, anal and caudal whitish, with some obscure gray spots terminally. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 81 Type—vU.S.N.M. no. 98886. (8177.) D. 5442. San Fernando Point Light, N. 39°E., 8.4 miles (lat. 16°30’36’” N., long. 120°11’6”’ E.), west coast of Luzon. In 45 fathoms. May 10, 1909. Length 115 mm. (serrula, a little tooth+ fero, to bear.) NEMAPTEROIS, new genus Type—Nemapterois biocellatus, new species. Known by its extraordinary long preorbital barbel. Dorsal spines moderate. Pectoral moderately long. Each dorsal spine with greater terminal part free, expanded before and behind and main part of spine forming distinct midrib. (vaya, thread+ Pterois.) NEMAPTEROIS BIOCELLATUS, new species FIGURE 36 Depth 234 ; head 224, width 2. Snout 314 in head from snout tip; eye 3, greater than snout, over twice width of interorbital; max- illary reaches 14 in eye, expansion 114 in eye, length 2 in head from snout tip; bands of minute villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer, none on palatines; interorbital 214 in eye, very deeply concave. Gill rakers 4+11, compressed, low, short, half of gill filaments, which 14 of eye. No nasal spines; low antero-supraorbital spine each side, and pair of higher postero-supraorbital spines each side, followed by pair of rather wide set coronal spines, then strong close-set parietal and occipital pairs (right parietal spine atrophied) ; low postocular keel over preopercle ends in small point, followed by another over opercle and finally suprascapular spine; ridge of suborbital stay without dis- tinct spines; no preorbital spines; preopercle edge with 3 spines, short, obtuse, upper largest and opposite end of ridge of suborbital stay; opercle with single rather large spine; no humeral spine. Scales 41+2 close above along lateral line; tubes 23+1 in lateral line; 6 scales above lateral line, 14 below; 14 predorsal forward to middle of interorbital; 2 postocular to preopercle ridge; 8 below ridge of preorbital stay on cheek. Scales small and crowded on chest, breast, prepectoral, belly, and bases of pectoral and caudal fins. Anterior nostril with pointed, fringed tentacle. Short lobate supraorbital flap behind second postero-supraorbital spine; broad flap above uppermost preopercular spine and several others below along preopercular edge. Short preorbital flap anteriorly, fol- lowed by long tentacle reaching back opposite pectoral origin. No flaps on fins or along lateral line. Lateral line complete, distinct, 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85: little high at first, nearly axial along side of body; tubes large, simple. Scales with 8 to 14 basal radiating striae; 26 to 32 apical denticles; circuli fine, coarser or abruptly terminated apically. D. XIII, I, 8, 1, sixth spine 12% in total head length, second branched ray 1%); A. IT, 5, 1, third spine 1%, first ray 114; caudal 124, convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 314; pectoral reaches 114 to caudal or 2149 in fish without caudal, rays m1, 7, 1x; ventral rays I, 5, fin 114 in total head length. Ficure 36.—Nemapterois biocellatus, new genus, new species. Type. General tint dull flesh color to light pink. Brown blotch on front of snout, followed by broad, white band from front of eye down to maxillary. Brown bar down from lower eye edge to maxillary ex- pansion and another posteriorly down to lower part of opercle and subopercle, interval of lower cheek lighter brown. Obscure narrow brown bar crosses lower surface of head from each side behind end of maxillary. Dark band across front of interorbital and another broader over its median area. White lines radiate in orbit from iris. Supraorbital flap white, with round black spot in expansion. Two dark brown bands, narrowly separated, cross postocular part of head and posteriorly just before dorsal a third broader one, last reflected down behind opercular spine. From middle of spinous dorsal broad blackish brown band down to belly and another from soft dorsal base to anal; these bands all reflected on bases of dorsals to join dark areas on fins, also last reaches anal. Dorsals white, spinous fin with 3 longitudinal dark brown bands, with upper 2 series marked NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 83 as dark bars on free portions of spines; on soft dorsal lowest band continued only as subbasal obscure narrow streak. Two large black, white edged ocelli on outer part of soft dorsal, upper little larger or slightly smaller than orbit. Anal blackish brown with median white band and posterobasally fin also pale. Caudal white, with dark transverse basal band and 5 transverse dark brown narrow bands, made up of series of spots or short bars only on rays. Pec- toral white, with 4 black transverse bands. Ventral black, edged anteriorly and below narrowly with white and 2 white spots in posterior part of fin. Preorbital tentacle white, with 4 black bars. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 98894. (2072.) D. 5136. Jolo Light, S. 37° E., 0.70 mile (lat. 6°04’20’’ N., long. 120°59’20” K.). February 14, 1908. Depth 22 fathoms. Length 83 mm. Characters expressed in the genus readily distinguish the species. (bis, two+ ocellus, eyelike spot.) SCORPAENEHLLA, new genus Type.—Scorpaenella cypho, new species. Body deeply ovoid, compressed, with back well elevated anteriorly. Head large, compressed. Snout short, obtuse. Eye large, before middle in length of head, scarcely impinging on upper profile. Mouth large, little inclined and lower jaw scarcely projects. Maxil- FIGuRE 37.—Scorpaeneila cypho, new genus, new species. Type. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 lary reaches below eye, expanded posteriorly. Teeth minute, villi- form, in narrow bands in jaws, apparently present on vomer, but none on palatines. Interorbital low. Spines of head well developed, some quite long and conspicuous. Gill openings wide, membranes free and separate. Gill rakers slender, lanceolate, rather long. No scales. Lateral line complete, prominent, its course rather high. Dorsal spines elevated and fin well notched or separated from soft dorsal, also each membrane between spines deeply incised termi- nally. Soft dorsal posterior, about half size of spinous fin. Anal opposite soft dorsal, similar, smaller, with 3 spines, second longest and first longer than third. Caudal rounded. Pectoral large, with broad base, simple rays slender and well united by membranes. Ven- tral inserted opposite pectoral origin, with long spine. A genus of small scorpaenoids suggestive of Lythrichthys and Pterodickthys, but with entirely different physiognomy and without any scales. (Scorpaenella, diminutive of Scorpaena.) SCORPAENELLA CYPHO, new species FIGURE 37 Depth 224; head 214, width 17%. Snout 4 in head from snout tip; eye 4, equals snout, greater than interorbital; maxillary reaches 14 in eye, expansion 17% in eye, length 134 in head from snout tip; in- terorbital 5, level. Gill rakers 3+ 10, rather smail or 3 times long as gill filaments, which 114 in eye. Pair of small nasal spines; very small and low antero-supraorbital spine; large, high, prominent medio-supraorbital spine; pair of very small postero-supraorbital spines; occipital-nuchal keel ends behind in single pair of (nuchal) spines; 3 divergent preorbital spines each side, anterior largest and directed forward; suborbital stay with 3 low spines; preopercular spines 5, upper largest on head or about 134 in eye; single postocular spine and 1 at suprascapula; 2 rather widely divergent opercular spines, lower little posterior. Skin smooth. Pores in lateral line 21 (last part of course dam- aged), in membranous canal extending whole course. No filaments or flaps. D. X, 9, third spine 2 in total head length, first branched ray 3; A. IIT, 5, second spine 224, second ray 314; caudal 214, convex be- hind; least depth of caudal peduncle 5; pectoral 114, rays 17?; ven- tral rays I, 5, spine 144 in total head. Largely uniform brown, with obscure darker specks or spots on trunk and tail. Ivis grayish. Fins pale. Ventral rays darker termi- nally. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—-FOWLER 85 Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 98899. D. 5618. March Island, S. 69° E., 7.8 miles (lat. 0°37/0’’ N., long. 127°15’0’’ E.), Molucca Passage. In 417 fathoms. November 27, 1909. Length 27 mm. (xu@és, hunchbacked.) Genus INIMICUS Jordan and Starks According to Jordan and Starks this genus differs from Pelor chiefly in the absence of long filamentous tips to the upper rays of the pectorals. The head is also more depressed and of slightly differ- ent shape. Evidently the two species they admit are referable to only one, Znémicus aurantiacus, differing chiefly in its orange color, or blackish tinged with orange, but without distinct cross bands. INIMICUS BIFILIS, new species Figure 38 Depth 4; head 234. Snout 224 in head from snout tip; eye 54, 914 in snout; maxillary reaches 2 to eye, expansion 114 in eye; length in profile 314 in head from snout tip; interorbital narrow, deeply concave, width about equals eye. Ficure 38.—IJnimicus bifilis, new species. Type. Body with smooth skin. Head with many irregularities, ridges, knobs, and caruncles. Several flaps on mandible. D. XVII, 8, first spine inserted at first third in postocular, second spine 17% in total head length, third ray 17%; marginal ends of all dorsal membranes deeply cleft; A. 13, fifth ray 214; caudal 1%, rounded behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 444; pectoral 114, rays I, 3, VI-II, uppermost simple ray elongate, filiform, reaches 14% to caudal; ventral I, 5, fin length 114 in total head length, last ray broadly adnate by membrane with belly. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 Brown, paler below and with 3 pale transverse diffuse areas on body. Fins more or less brownish. Dorsals and anals, also head and body, with obscure pale to whitish spots and blotches, very variable. Caudal blackish on outer portion, with row of small whitish spots transversely. Pectoral with broad white subbasal band, adjoining blackish area over branched rays and another terminally; lower detached rays with dark spots. Ventral blackish, little paler basally. Type.—vU.S.N.M. no. 98905. (22403.) Canmahala Bay. March 11, 1909. Length 57 mm. Remarks.—Greatly like Inimicus filamentosus, but only the upper- most pectoral ray ending in a filament, which reaches well beyond the depressed pectoral fin. (d2s, two + filum, thread.) Family APLOACTIDAE ANALYSIS OF GENERA a. Preorbital with 2 strong spines both projecting back behind eyesc ay aaa: ventral hat. _ Aes Se ee eee Acanthosphex a’, Preorbital with single strong spine; A. spines III; ventral I, AG OTF yee a. he de ee Prosopodasys a‘. No preorbital spine; first 3 dorsal spines not set off from rest Of fine sD WTS 15) tO Se = 2 ee a ee ee ee Aploactoides ACANTHOSPHEX, new genus Ty pe—Prosopodasys leurynnis Jordan and Seale. Body elongate ellipsoid, compressed. Head moderate, compressed. Fine teeth in jaws and on vomer, none on palatines. Two short barbels at chin. Suborbital spines long, both project backward behind eye. Preopercular spines all enlarged and long. Spines of first dorsal longest of dorsal series, first fin also separated from sec- ond spinous section. 1S aoe i Bee, > sf Re soap RS b H. W.F. del. Ficure 41.—Cymbacephalus armatus, new genus, new species. Type. very slightly beyond front eye edge, length 314 in head from snout tip; interorbital narrow, depressed. Gill rakers ? Anterosupraorbital spine, followed by row of uniform supraorbital close set denticles of which last 2 posterior enlarged, then pair of frontal spines, pair of parietals and pair of occipitals; 3 postocular spines, 3 above opercle and 2 suprascapulars; pair of strong close set nasal spines, one erect preorbital and suborbital stay with 8 spines, last or preopercular longest. with 2 more on preopercle below; 2 opercular spines. Scales 46 in lateral line to caudal base and 4 more on latter, un- armed; 5 scales above, 12 below. Very small scales on prepectoral region and breast. Infraerbital and cheek with small close set scales. Opercular scales moderate, smaller posteriorly. Caudal base scaly. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—-FOWLER 91 D. VIII—1, 12,1, third spine 2145 in total head length, first branched ray 1% ; A. 12, 1, third ray 314; caudal 134, convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 614; pectoral 2, rays 20; ventral 1%, rays, I, 5. Body brown, paler below. Several dark blotches on body, with large one on back below hind part of spinous dorsal, Three dark blotches below soft dorsal. Spinous dorsal with broad dark oblique band sloping back and joining dark saddle on back. Each ray of soft dorsal with 4 or 5 dark spots. Caudal with 4 or 5 irregular transverse rows of dark spots. Anal pale, with one or two dark spots on each ray terminally. Pectoral with 7 dark cross bars. Ventral with 2 broad dark bands transversely. Several dark spots on lips and others on cheek. Type—U.S.N.M. no. 98864. (3957.) D.5148. Siran Island (N.), S. 80° W., 3.8 miles (lat. 5°35’40’" N., long. 120°47’30’" E.), Sulu Archipelago. In 17 fathoms. February 16, 1908. Length 142 mm. Remarks.—In this species the postocular pit is well developed, the armature of the head strong, the suborbital stay with strong spines, 3 preopercular spines with the upper long, the scales large and the coloration variegated. It differs from Cymbacephalus nematophthal- mus in the absence of the supraorbital tentacle. (armatus, armed.) Family BEMBROPSIDAE Body long, slender in profile, deepest at front of first dorsal. Tail long, tapering gradually. Head long, broader than deep. Snout long, spatulate. Eye large, conspicuous, mostly before middle in head length. Mouth large, broad, lower jaw protruding. Maxillary small, extends below eye. Gill opening very large, extends forward before eye. Armature of head feeble, with mconspicuous small, slender, sharp spines. Scales large, thin, deciduous, smooth or scarcely rough to touch. Head, excepting muzzle, scaly. Lateral line distinct. Two separate dorsal fins, anterior small, with slender, pungent spines. Anal opposite to and similar to second dorsal. Pectoral long, low. Ventral jugular, inserted close behind preopercle. One genus. JI have admitted this family on its divergence from the other trachinoid families. Its association with the Trachinidae by Alcock in 1899 and later by Jordan, Tanaka, and Snyder in 1913 in the Pteropsaridae is unnatural. Genus BEMBROPS Steindachner Body elongated, broad forward and tail becoming compressed pos- teriorly. Head large, depressed. Snout broad, concave in profile. Eyes very close together, separated only by narrow bony ridge of 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 8% interorbital. Mouth wide, nearly horizontal. Teeth in villiform bands in jaws, on vomer and palatines. Tongue large, spatulate. Opercle with 3 spines. Angle of preopercle with feeble spines. Gill membranes free from isthmus. Gills 4. Pseudobranchiae large. Pyloric caeca 3. Scales cycloid or feebly ctenoid. Lateral line com- plete, its anterior scales keeled or feebly spinate. Small spine on shoulder girdle. First dorsal short, well separated from second. BEMBROPS FILIFER, new species Ficure 42 Depth 814; head 224, width 224. Snout 314 in head from sneut tip; eye 3%, 114 in snout; maxillary reaches 45 in eye, ends in pointed fieshy flap behind 14 of eye, expansion 31, in eye, length of bone 2% in head from snout tip; villiform bands of teeth in jaws much broader above, 2 vomerine clusters rounded and well separated, and each palatine band long and narrow; nostrils small, well sep- arated, with middle of interval separating them middle of snout length. Gill rakers 6+ 15, lanceolate, equal gill filaments or 14 of eye; 3 or 4 of upper and lower gill rakers short rudimentary tu- bercles. Preopercle with short spine at angle and another similar close above. Of 3 opercular spines uppermost curved upward and lowermost curved down, also most in advance. Small suprascapular spine slightly before uppermost opercular. Opercular flap long, pointed, extends back over front of pectoral. Scales 50+2 in lateral line, which well decurved over front of anal, ascends posteriorly, though slightly below middle along side of caudal peduncle to caudal base; 3 above at front of spinous dorsal, 6 above at. front of soft dorsal, 5 below to front of anal. Scales on breast, belly and under surfaces small. Caudal with nearly basal half scaly. Pectoral base finely scaly. Maxillary scaly. Cheek with 5 or 6 rows of scales, of which uppermost and lowermost much smallest. Lat- eral line with large, simple tubes, all well exposed. Scales with 27 or 28 basal radiating striae; row of 23 to 25 subequal, short apical denticles; circuli fine, terminate apically at scale edge. D. VI-I, 13,1, first spine ending in short filament not quite reaching soft dorsal origin, its length 224 in total head length; A. 16, 1, first ray 61/4, fifteenth ray 5; caudal 214, convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 624 ; pectoral 124, rays 11, 27; ventral rays I, 5, fin 224 in total head length. Brown, little paler below. On back and upper surfaces edges of each scale pocket blackish brown, showing through overlapping scale as dark reticulation. Along side of body, below lateral line row of 8 to 10 obscure rather large brown blotches. Iris grayish. Dorsals and anals with dark or blackish brown membranes, fin rays all more NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 93 or less paler. Caudal pale or light brown, edges all dark or blackish brown. Paired fins pale brown. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 98866. D. 5216. Anima Sola Island, N. 44° W., 29.50 miles (lat. 12°52’ N., long. 123°23’30’’ E.), between Burias and Luzon. In 215 fathoms. April 22, 1908. Length 260 mm. Also series of 74 other examples here considered as paratypes, from various stations in Philippine Seas, in 9 to 308 fathoms. Length 66 to 249 mm. Remarks.—Apparently related closely to Bembrops caudimacula Steindachner, but differing in the long first dorsal spine ending in a filament, thus much longest of all the dorsal spines. Compared with Alcock’s figure minor points are the larger eye of B. filéfer, more posterior insertion of the spinous dorsal, longer pectoral, and notched edge of the anal fin. (jilifer, thread bearer, with reference to the first dorsal spine.) H. W.F. del. Ficurp 42.—Bembrops filifer, new species. Type. Family BEMBRIDAE PARABEMBRINAE, new subfamily Type genus, Parabembras Bleeker. Lateral line high, runs along upper side of back. Spinous dorsal larger than second dorsal, which with only 9 rays. Anal like second dorsal, Includes only Parabembras. BEMBRINAE, new subfamily Type genus, Bembras Cuvier. Lateral lines slope from suprascapula, median or axial along side of tail. Base of spinous dorsal always shorter than second dorsal base. Anal long, like second dorsal. Includes Brachybembras, Bembradium, Bembradon, and Bembras. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 BRACHYBEMBRAS, new genus Type.—Brachybembras aschemeieri, new species. Related to Bembdras, but differing in its shorter snout, shorter than eye, longer maxillary, and larger scales. Pair of internasal spines. Ventrals close set. (Bpaxts, short, with reference to the snout+ Bembras.) BRACHYBEMBRAS ASCHEMEIERI, new species Figure 43 Depth 534; head 214, width 224. Snout 324 in head; eye 3, little greater than snout, greatly ae neds very narrow interorbital; max- Mary reaches 24 in eye, expansion 2 in eye, length 214 in head; teeth minutely villiform, in rather broad bands in jaws, narrower pe Tava fs ahi boll KH POS x rR (IK ORO III IEE KY oO ee ee is \ a > \\ NU Ficurn 43.—Brachybembras aschemeieri, new genus, new species. Type. band over vomer and down each palatine; interorbital width 6 in eye, deeply concave. Gill rakers 5+8, though 5 above and below rudiments; gill rakers subequal with gill filaments which 5 in eye. Two series of spines, with 2 spines in front one and 4 in hind one, between front nostrils; 11 supraorbital spines with first only very slightly enlarged and lee followed by another slightly larger parietal spine; 2 more wide set and larger occipital spines; posterior orbital edge finely serrulate, medially with 2 postocular spines; pair of very small, close set pore directed serrae at front ridge of preorbital ; eal of suborbital stay entire below first half of eye, then with 5 spines; preopercular spine short, bears large anterobasal spine, and below preopercular edge with 4 small spines, upper of which directed upwar d; 2 opercular spines, lower little in advance; suprascapular spine strong; short humeral spine, Seales (pockets) 830+2 in lateral line; 3 above, 6 below; 5 predorsal forward to occiput; 3 below suborbital stay on cheek. Head scaly behind and below eyes. Scales smaller on breast and belly than on NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—-FOWLER 95 sides of body. Small scales on caudal and pectoral bases. Lateral line rather high at first, with 4 or 5 scales each bearing a firm bony keel ending in small spine behind; course slopes gradually down until median along side of caudal peduncle. Scales with 9 basal radiating striae; 23 to 25 short uniserial apical denticles; circuli rather fine, coarse apically, where ending abruptly. D. VIII-12, 1, fourth spine 21% in head, third ray 224; A. 11, 1, fifth ray 314; caudal 134, subtruncate, or slightly convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 614; pectoral 214, rays 21; ventral rays I, 5, fin 2 in head. Body pale brown. Head pale, nearly whitish on snout. Iris gray, with silvery white tinge. Fins all more or less grayish, many rays with more less whitish. Type—U.S.N.M. no. 98881. (9652.) D. 5172. Jolo Light, E. 24.75 miles (lat. 6°3’15’’ N., long. 120°35’30’’ E.), vicinity of Jolo. In 318 fathoms. March 5, 1908. Length 67 mm. (Named for C. R. Aschemeier, taxidermist of the U. S. National Museum, who has secured many fishes for the collections. ) Family OPLICHTHYIDAE ANALYSIS OF GENERA a. Areas before and below eyes moderate, so preorbital extent equals eye. b*. Seutes of lateral line each with 2 well developed spines which Subequal or npper little larger=2 == Ss eee ee Oplichthys b?. Seutes of lateral line each with large single strong spine, di- rected up and back, so only single row of spines formed along each side of back; sometimes auxiliary small spine in inter- spaces between scutes and in line with larger spines__ Monhoplichthys b*. Seales of lateral line each with large, erect, strong spine, be- sides an inner smaller superior spine, these forming 2 series of lateral spines, of which upper smaller and_ less CONS CU OLS ie Besse i ells Ss. Ee EES er ae AE AY Pristhoplichthys a’. Areas before and below eyes large, smooth and elongate, 1 to Lif stimes eyetdiameter.! «2. 2b tk eek oe Eee as Rhinhoplichthys MONHOPLICHTHYS, new genus Type.—Monhoplichthys gregoryi, new species. Scutes of lateral line each with large single strong spine, directed up and back, so only single row of spines formed along each side of back. Sometimes auxiliary small spine in interspaces between scutes and in line with larger spines. (uévos, one-++Hoplichthys; with reference to the armature.) 36541—38 5 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 MONHOPLICHTHYS GREGORYI, new species FIicurE 44 Depth 1144 to 1234; head 3% to 31%, width 114 to 1%. Snout 3745 to 31% in head; eye 3% to 4, 114 to 1% im snout; maxillary ex- tends below first 14 in eye, length 214 to 214 in head; teeth minutely villiform, in bands in jaws, continuous band across vomer and band on each palatine; interorbital very narrow, width 6 in eye, deeply concave. Gill rakers 2+12, rather short, firm, lanceolate, equal gill filaments or Ys or eye. Bones of head all finely or minutely serrate or striate, and on top of head pair of rather wide set spines represent parietal at upper hind orbital edge and strong short occipital pair, though both pairs small. Serrae of lateral ridge or suborbital stay all small, rather numerous, and 4 enlarged spines moderate, with first directed for- Ficure 44.—ionhoplichthys gregoryi, new genus, new species. Type. ward. Preopercular spine with anterior outer ridge bearing 8 or 9 graduated serrae up to large anterobasal spine; preopercular spine 1, to 144 in eye. Opercular spines rather slender, ends opposite. Strong keeled humeral spine. Lateral line with 28 to 29 spines, larger and stronger posteriorly. D. VI-15, 1, first spine 214 to 3 in head, first ray 24% to 3% and sixth to eighth prolonged or filiform, or nearly long as head; A. 17%, I, seventh ray 314 to 334, edge of membrane notched after tip of each; caudal 114 to 2, median rays longest, lower rays slightly longer, and hind edge of fin little oblique; least depth of caudal peduncle 334 to 334 in eye; pectoral reaches third anal ray or 1;%5 to 2 in head, rays 12, m1, or 13, m1, lowest ones detached, free, and 11% to 1144 in fin; ventral rays I, 4, fin 234 to 234 in head. Pale or light brown, apparently largely whitish below. Iris light gray. Fins uniformly pale, nearly white. Spinous dorsal with mem- branes dark brown. Type-—U.S.N.M. no. 98862. D. 5519. Point Tagolo Light, S. 71° W., 8.7 miles (lat. 8°47’ N., long. 123°31’15”" E.), vicinity of northern Mindanao. In 182 fathoms. August 9, 1909. Length 202 mm. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER OTF Remarks.—Besides the above are 6 paratypes, same data, 86 to 210 mm long. Apparently most closely related to Hoplichthys acantho- pleurus Regan from Saya de Malha Ban, Indian Ocean. ‘That spe- cies would differ in its lower spinous dorsal, “scarcely higher in the male than in the female”, and shown in the original figure of the male as 31, for first spine in the head, in the male most all the dorsal rays ending in long filaments and the 3 detached pectoral filaments 134 in the fin. (Named for Dr. William K. Gregory, of the American Museum of Natural History.) MONHOPLICHTHYS PROSEMION, new species FIGURE 45 Depth 1214; head 314, width 114. Snout 314 in head; eye 32, 114 in snout; maxillary reaches first 14 in eye, length 244 in head; teeth minutely villiform, in bands in jaws, band over vomer and narrow Ficure 45.—Monhoplichthys prosemion, new genus, new species. Type. cne on each palatine; interorbital narrow, concave, width 6 in eye. Gill rakers 2+ 12, low, short, robust, 34 of gill filaments, which 5 in eye. Bones of head all finely or minutely serrate or striate, and on top of head pair of rather wide set spines represent parietal at upper hind orbital edge, and moderately large, strong, occipital pair, erect and directed back. Serrae of lateral dee or suborbital stay well developed rather long, prominent, anterior flare forward, and only 2 others anteriorly little enlarged. Preopercular spine with anterior outer ridge bearing 5 spines, graduated to large antero-basal spine, which well curved upward; preopercular spine equals eye. Oper- cular spines well curved, upper little in advance. Strong, keeled, erect humeral spine. Lateral line with 28+1 spines, larger and stronger posteriorly. D. VI—15, 1, end of spinous fin reaching base of second dorsal ray, first spine 2 in head, fifth to eighth rays greatly prolonged in. filaments 114 times head; A. 17, 1, seventh ray 324 in head, edge of membrane notched after ia of eae caudal 17%, slightly convex be- 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 hind; least depth of caudal peduncle 314 in eye; pectoral 17% in head, rays 13, m1, lowest ones detached and slightly longer than fin; ven- tral rays I, 4, fin 214 in head. Back and head above brown, latter paler marginally. Iris gray. Under surfaces whitish. Fins pale, pectoral and caudal terminally with brownish. Ventrals and anal whitish. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 98863. D. 5117. Sombrero Island, S$. 17° E., 10.80 miles (lat. 18°52’22’ N., long. 120°46’22” E.), Balayan Bay and Verde Island Passage. In 118 fathoms. January 21, 1908. Length 173 mm. Remarks.—Differs from Monhoplichthys gregoryt in the long spinous dorsal, larger eyes, more conspicuous armature of the head, and filiform dorsal rays. (xpd, forward-+ onpetor, banner; with reference to the dorsal fin.) MONHOPLICHTHYS SMITHI, new species FIGURE 46 Depth 1214; head 324, width 114. Snout 31% in head; eye 4, 1449 in snout; maxillary reaches first 1 in eye, length 3 in head; teeth H. W.F. del. Ficure 46.—Monhoplichthys smithi, new genus, new species. Type. minutely villiform, in narrow bands in jaws, band narrowly over vomer and similar one on palatine; interorbital narrow, concave, width 4 in eye. Gill rakers 2+9, short, robust points, little less than gill filaments, which 5 in eye. Bones of head moderately rugose striate or minutely serrate, and on top of head pair of moderately spaced small parietal spines, and posteriorly pair of occipital spines equidistant. Spines of lateral ridge or suborbital stay all rather large, well developed, anterior flare forward, likewise some below eye. Preopercular spine with anterior outer ridge bearing 4 spines, graduated to large anterobasal spine, which only slightly slopes upward; preopercular spine equals eye. Opercular spines curved, ends opposite. Strong, keeled, erect humeral spine. Lateral line with 28 spines, larger and stronger posteriorly. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 99 D. VI—15, 1, end of depressed spinous fin reaches 34 to origin of soft dorsal, first spine 314 in head, third ray 214; A. 17, 1, seventh ray 234; least depth of caudal peduncle 3 in eye; caudal 2 in head, apparently convex behind; pectoral 114 in head, rays 12, m1, lowest ones detached and 114 times fin; ventral rays I, 4, fin 2 in head. Brown above, pale to whitish below. Eye gray. First dorsal dark brown. Second dorsal with several brownish spots on each ray. Caudal with 4 or 5 indistinct dark transverse bars. Pectoral brownish, with obscure small dark variable spots, lower 3 rays whitish. Ventrals and anal whitish. Type-—U.S.N.M. no. 59588. Kagoshima, Japan. Dr. H. M. Smith. 1903. Length 99 mm. Remarks —Difters from Monhoplichthys gilberti (Jordan and Richardson), also from Japan, in the longer maxillary reaching be- low the front of the eye, conspicuous armature of the head, and long detached pectoral rays. (Named for Dr. Hugh M. Smith.) PRISTHOPLICHTHYS, new genus Type—Hoplichthys platophrys Gilbert. Scutes of lateral line each bearing large, erect, strong spine, be- sides an inner smaller superior spine, thus forming 2 series of lateral spines of which the upper is smaller and less conspicuous. Interorb- ital broad as eye. Armature of head moderate. One species: Pristhoplichthys platophrys, of Hawaiian seas. (rplorns, one who saws + Hoplichthys, with reference to the armature.) PRISTHOPLICHTHYS PLATOPHRYS (Gilbert) Hoplichthys platophrys Gicpert, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 23, pt. 1, p. 642, fig. 250, 1908 (1905) (type locality, Laysan Island, in 351 fathoms) .— Fowter, Mem. Bishop Mus., vol. 10, p. 800, 1928 (copied). Depth 10; head 234, width 114. Snout 3 in head; eye 414, 144 in snout, little greater than interorbital; maxillary reaches opposite front eye edge; teeth very minute, villiform, in narrow bands in jaws, on vomer and palatines; interorbital width 5, concave. Gull rakers 2+7?, short, less than gill filaments, which 3 in eye. Bones of head with minute denticles or serrae, and on top of head pair of moderately wide set parietals, with a postocular spine on each suprapostocular ridge, and pair of moderately close set occipi- tals. Serrae of lateral ridge or suborbital stay all moderate, distinct, 3 anterior each side directed forward and inward and one each side opposite hind nostrils slightly larger and directed outward. Pre- opercular outer ridge bears 3 or 4 spines graduated to larger antero- 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 basal spine, which flares out and back; preopercular spine 344 in head. Opercular spines little curved, lower slightly shorter or in advance. Strong sharp humeral spine. Lateral line with 27 spines, all erect and larger and stronger posteriorly. D. VI-15. 1, first spine long as eye, first ray 4 in head, fifth ray 224; A. 18, 1, fin height 324; caudal 214, little convex behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 2 in eye; pectoral 114 in head, rays 13, m1, lower detached rays with basal webs so about half adnate, length half of fin; ventral rays I, 5, fin 214 in head. Brown, paler below. Above 4 brownish transverse blotches, now 3 most distinct on flanks and tail. Iris gray. Spinous dorsal black- ish terminally. Each ray of soft dorsal with several dark spots. Anal whitish, tinted with brownish on rays. Caudal whitish, little dark basally, gray terminally. Pectoral with some brownish, other fins whitish. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 51620. (3952.) Near Laysan Island. In 347 to 351 fathoms. May 21, 1902. Length 70 mm. Known only from the type, described above. RHINHOPLICHTHYS, new genus Type—Hoplichthys haswelli McCulloch. Distinguished from Oplichthys by the very large smooth and elongated areas before and below the eyes, so the preorbital extent of this area at least 1 to 114 times the eye diameter. Snout elongated and spatulate. Interorbital moderate. Vomer with a large patch of enlarged, simple, pointed teeth, giving off two long, pointed ex- tensions behind. (‘piv, snout+ Hoplichthys.) Family TRIGLIDAE ANALYSIS OF GENERA a’. TRIGLINAE. Row of spine bearing bony bucklers along bases of both dorsal fins. (Type genus, Trigla Linnaeus.) d*. Scales larger, 50 to 60 in lateral line. GC. lateral linevarmed with. spiny; pIates= see eee Paratrigla c’. Lateral line unarmed. @. Erect spiny bucklers along bases of both dorsals____--__ Lepidotrigla ad’. Flattened spiny bucklers along spinous dorsal base, erect along soft, dorsal. base 2-2-2. be = ee ee ee Pachytrigla db’. Scales smaller, 100 or more in lateral line. e’. Head usually with small spines; scapular spine mod- TEC eee ean et ee ae ee yee eee een Trigla e’. Head nearly smooth, spineless; scapular spine short__._ Currupiscis NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 101 a?. PTERYGOTRIGLINAE. Large bucklers only along spinous dorsal base or absent. (Type genus, Pterygotrigla Waite.) f'. Few bony bucklers only along spinous dorsal base. g*. Upper opercular spine short, reaches pectoral origin; humeral spine elongate. h’. Seapular spine very short; rostral spines short; no postero-supraorbital spine__~-~---~~--~----- Pterygotrigla h?. Scapular spine long and strong; rostral spines long. @. Snout shorter, length 2 or more in head. j. Maxillary reaches % to eye; rostral spines 1ONS as CVeOs) ee Bovitrigla j?. Maxillary reaches eye; rostral spine %4 rest Ofphead art eset eS Dixiphistops ?, Snout long, 134 in head; maxillary not reaching eye; rostral spine 24 rest of head----------- Dixiphistes g. Upper opercular spine enlarged, long, reaches 14 in pectoral; humeral spine short--------~------------- Otohime f?. No bony plates or bucklers along dorsal base-—-—- Dixiphichthys Genus LEPIDOTRIGLA Giinther Subgenus LEPIDOTRIGLA Giinther Each bony buckler, along each side of the bases of the dorsal fins, with a large, simple, entire spine. Of the typical species Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacépéde) I have ex- amined two specimens: U.S.N.M. no, 2219, Europe; C. L. Bonaparte Collection, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Length 85 to 110 mn, caudal fins broken. LEPIDOTRIGLA OGLINA, new species FIGURE 47 Depth 314 in body from snout tip; head 3, width 11. Snout 21% in head; eye 3, 114 in snout, greater than interorbital; preorbital depth below front eye edge 134 in eye; maxillary reaches 14 in eye, length 244 in head; teeth minutely villiform, in rather broad bands in jaws, none on palate; interorbital 4, deeply concave. Gill rakers 0+10, short, 414 in eye, subequal with gill filaments. Pair of short, broad, rostral spines, edge of each inside with several denticles; supraorbital ridge finely serrated, with 2 low anterior den- ticles, and larger posterior strong spine, followed by short notch; suprascapular spine short, sharp pointed; postocular ridge serrated, ends in short spine; no keel to suborbital stay, and preopercle without spines; opercle with pointed spine, level with lower edge of eye; humeral spine long, slender, equals eye, base broad. 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 85 Scales 52 in lateral line to caudal base, tubes small and simple; 3 scales above lateral line opposite soft dorsal origin, 13 below, 7 predorsal. Chest, breast, prepectoral, and region narrowly behind paired fins naked. Caudal largely covered with small scales, more numerous basally. Along dorsal bases 22 bony plates, each with strong spine, and 8 along first dorsal. Scales of lateral line not enlarged, though rather narrowly imbricated. Scales with 5 or 6 basal radiating striae; 18 to 20 short, broad apical spines; circuli fine, obsolete or end abruptly apically. D. IX-14, first spine with front edge serrated, second spine 134 in head, third ray 27%; A. 15, 1, fourth ray 314; caudal 114, little con- cave behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 214 in eye; pectoral reaches 21% to caudal base, uppermost of 3 lower detached rays 11% in eK; eosek ey Uf, eZ. a ; ) ee ae ss FRNA ASSES eh se 4 DD |) SAVY) us 5 Se Wy LSsS_SK Oy S22" SNMP LSE TT KK KX) Si) Sis he \ i SUS ah \ \\ INN AWA SSA i \ \ \ SN : NN \\ \\ ANS WN H. W.F. del. FigurE 47.—Lepidotrigla oglina, new species. Type. upper section of fin, rays 1, 7, mI-1m, upper section of fin reaches base of third anal ray, length 11% in head; ventral 114, rays I, 5, fin reaches little beyond base of fourth anal ray. Head pale brown. Iris pale, evidently white. Body with upper 3% brown and remaining lower portion white, line of demarcation pro- nounced. Upper section of pectoral largely gray black, white all around, and outer face of each ray narrowly whitish. Fins other- wise pale or whitish. Under surface of body with more or less silvery white reflections. T'ype—vU.S.N.M. no. 98865. (1849.) D.5315. Lat. 21°40’ N., long. 116°58’ E., China Sea in vicinity of Formosa. In 148 fathoms. No- vember 5, 1908. Length 129 mm. Only the type known. This differs from all other species in its very large eye, exceeding the depth of the preorbital. (ogle, with reference to the large eyes.) NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 103 LEPIDOTRIGLA VENUSTA, new species FIGURE 48 Depth 414 to 424 measured from snout tip; head 3 to 314, width 1% to 2. Snout 224 to 21% in head from snout tip; eye 314 to 324, 114 to 124 in snout, 2 to 3 times interorbital width; maxillary reaches below front edge of eye, length 214 to 284 in head from snout tip; mouth width 234 to 314; narrow bands of minute villiform teeth in jaws, none on palate; interorbital 7 to 9, deeply concave. Gill rakers 0+7, lanceolate, 114 in gill filaments or 4 in eye. Pair of short, triangular, broad, flat, rostral spines, more or less flaring out, and edges entire; 2 antero-supraorbital spines each side and 2 postero-supraorbitals each side, close and with rather deep transverse groove close behind; ridge of suborbital stay obsolete or not developed and no spine at preopercle angle; strong, pointed Dee : I eH Raa ne EAR ADA EES RAD Lae S rWYy WOM Ly Ne ge ay = == aa wi ‘ | H. W.F. del. Ficure 48.—Lepidotrigla venusta, new species. Type. suprascapular spine; small, pointed opercular spine, level with lower edge of eye; strong pointed humeral spine with broad, deep base, longer than spine. Seales 52 to 54 in lateral line to caudal base and 2 or 3 more on latter; 4 above, 18 below; 4 or 5 predorsal. Chest, breast, belly, and caudal base finely scaled, only small area behind paired fins and pre- pectoral region naked. Along each side of bases of dorsals 23 buck- lers, each bearing a strong spine. Lateral line little high, distinct, each scale usually with trifid tubes. Scales with 5 to 18 basal radi- ating striae; 0 to 6 short apical points; cireuli fine, concentric. D. [X-15, 1, first spine 13% to 134 in head, third ray 2 to 214; A. 15, 1, third ray 224 to 3; caudal 11% to 114, little emarginate behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 124 to 114 in eye; pectoral 214 to 25% in length from snout tip to caudal base, reaches 134 to 2 to caudal base, 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 rays I, 6, 1v-1n, uppermost ray of lower section 114 to 114 in upper section of fin; ventral reaches second anal ray, fin 11% to 114 in head, rays I, 5. Head brownish, whitish on sides and below with silvery reflections. Upper half of body pale brownish, lower half of sides silvery white. Pectoral with upper section marked with a large uniform blackish brown blotch, leaving entire fin border white. Fins otherwise all pale to whitish. Type-—U.S.N.M. no. 98872. (24828.) D. 5442. San Fernando Point Light, N. 39° E., 8.4 miles (lat. 16°30’36’’ N., long. 120°11’06’’ E.), west coast of Luzon. In 45 fathoms. May 10, 1909. Length 111 mm. Also a series of Philippine paratypes. Remarks.—This species appears to be related to Lepidotrigla spi- loptera Ginther, though that species with a broader interorbital, shorter pectoral, truncate caudal, and ventrals only reaching anal. Giinther’s description does not mention scales on the breast and his figure fails to reveal any. ‘The species is best characterized by its entirely scaled breast, chest, and belly, only the prepectoral region and narrow postbasal space of the paired fins naked. (venusta, beautiful.) LEPIDOTRIGLA PECTORALIS, new species Figure 49 Depth 414; head 234, width 184. Snout 2149 in head; eye 424, 2 in snout, subequal with interorbital; maxillary reaches eye, length 214 in head; mouth width 214; teeth rather coarsely villiform, in moder- ately broad bands in jaws, none on palate; interorbital 424 in head, low, broadly depressed concavely. Gill rakers 0+ 8, of which 3 low- est mere rudimentary tubercles; short, strong, lanceolate, 34 of gill filaments, which 214 in eye. Head largely unarmed or few spines developed very short, small or inconspicuous; bones of head with distinct, radiating, rugose stri- ate surfaces; preocular groove narrow, forward to nostrils; notch above upper hind edge of eye on each side of head; ridge of sub- orbital stay little distinct and without any armature, and no spine on preopercle; opercle ends in rather broad point behind; as viewed above upper front edge of head blunt with row of small marginal denticles; long strong humeral spine, 3 in head. Scales 53+4 in lateral line, enlarged and tubes simple; 6 above opposite soft dorsal origin, 20 below to anal origin; 10 predorsal. Small and minutely ctenoid scales on predorsal, trunk and tail and extended over caudal basally. Breast, chest, prepectoral, belly, and region from basal part of humeral spine to vent naked. Along dor- NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—FOWLER 105 sal bases 27 spinous bucklers, of which 10 along spinous dorsal base. Scales with 8 to 10 rather large, parallel erect denticles on apical half; circuli fine, even. D. IX-18, third spine 214 in head, third ray 214; A. 17, eighth ray 3; caudal 134, slightly concave behind; least depth of caudal pe- duncle 134 in eye; pectoral reaches 114 to caudal, 144 in fish without caudal; pectoral rays 1, 5, 1v—1, uppermost of 3 lower detached rays 24% in upper section of pectoral; ventral 114 in head, reaches front of anal. Light brown, under surface of head and belly whitish. Iris pale to whitish. Spinous dorsal pale with gray black bletch broadly terminal on fourth to eighth membranes, Pectoral with upper half of upper section gray black. Fins otherwise all pale or whitish. RE ns Rua ae iGreen a Figure 49.—Lepidotrigia pectoralis, new species. Type. Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 98878. (4256.) D. 5517. Point Tagolo Light, S. 83° W., 10.5 miles (lat. 8°45’30’’ N., long. 123°33’45’’ E.), vicinity of northern Mindanao. In 169 fathoms. August 9, 1909. Length 140 mm. Remarks.—Suggestive of Lepidotrigla japonica (Bleeker) but that species with greatly larger scales, different physiognomy, much shorter scaly predorsal and larger suprascapular spine, also with- out the large black blotch on the spinous dorsal. (pectoralis, pectoral, with reference to its long pectorals.) ——— = mm, H. W.F. del. LEPIDOTRIGLA ARGYROSOMA, new species FIGuRE 50 Depth 424 (in length measured from snout tip); head 31%, width 144. Snout 21 in head; eye 314, 114 in snout, greatly exceeds inter- orbital; maxillary reaches opposite front eye edge, length 214 in head; teeth minute, villiform, in narrow bands in jaws, none on pal- 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 ate; interorbital 8, deeply concave. Gill rakers 1+10, of which 4 lowest mere short low rudiments; lanceolate, 214 in eye, longer than gill filaments. Pair of broad, flat, triangular, divergent, rostral spines, extended forward, half of eye; 2 antero-supraorbital spines each side and postero-supraorbital spines each side, close and with rather deep transverse groove close behind; ridge of suborbital stay obsolete, little developed, and with only very short, small spine at preopercle angle; strong, pointed, suprascapular spine; smaller, pointed opercu- lar spine, level with lower edge of eye; strong pointed humeral spine, with broad deep base, subequal with length of spine. Scales 53 or 54 in lateral line to caudal base and 2 or 3 more on latter; 4 above, 19 or 20 below; 5 predorsal. Chest, breast, belly, , ye Se ERR eR TI AXX TIDY Speen: We : PORNO Wy Seder Sd cs ea ne whe ring ew ae Me - a fe Pe a ry ee aie : eet. as 2 a reall iat ty ee ra Li an he oe rs aa swe 1 af [ ante tai: ' ih Bee - ae angen | re " 4 7 or? an se 7 : a ae : es we | ni - o ie ae ‘2 i : . i 2 ms in i - “- fh > e ms ; = ots i aa | 2 ae ree’ By a akon a Vid / se rs ot ts © a oe wine © in € y 7 - a To 7 of ie ¥ : by | a. 7 : ir _ a - : a Ee Woes 7 al i — oe iol : = Tide “an "y . ni ’ ta ‘ n 7 : 7 rae i a v nes 7 7 / 7 v) a at spd ede y tir 1 ~- ru 7 | ae ie Pee ae an Soe ue ie - oe - a - c hs a ; 1" - Po 7 i ud - “a ; ait Fa ou i v co Ne ar’ os ie rh a Pot aA. a é y on _ pk =, vi rz, sean < ; 7 _ oy . fed aa : = an ‘ch oo aoe mae ns 7 - ’ 7 a a al io rc - , i. a Py a 1 Tie: al Pan : a a 7 I - ra - Te mals . oA fa Ob aK * ce Tr 7 r sie i Dy / 7 al : D vs a ke nls a5 > aye i ee Ets _ olay) site eel ec he fi > be 7 Pe : ¥ . an) | ’ D ce ny i . .- OO 3 I re oo — Sh aarey ory oes we ihe i AD - 7 i aa a ay x a > 7 - i) ay 7 ro : oo a oe - a i - 7 a orn : s wo ~—* # PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM AVEINCRE'A ee DEVIC Se CIE MS ‘On: Age Ay. 3) C Ro e Xe by the y issued : ' 4ATHSON OS d iho SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 600mm Vol. 85 Washington : 1938 No. 3033 eee ee S00 EVIDENCE OF TRIASSIC INSECTS IN THE PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA By M. V. WaLKER In my nature notes for May 1935, I described for the first time some peculiar markings that occur on many of the petrified logs in the Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz. It was thought that these were made by some form of insect (larvae) that had at- tacked the trees, and for purposes of identification they were described and named. Some time later Dr. Junius Henderson visited the Petri- fied Forest National Monument Museum, and his attention was called to these markings. He at once suggested that the material be assem- bled for publication, and accordingly I prepared the present descrip- tive article. At first I was unable to find descriptive literature concerning such occurrences, but in October 1936 an article appeared in the Journal of Paleontology by Dr. Charles T. Brues, of Harvard University, entitled “Evidence of Insect Activity Preserved in Fossil Wood.” I was greatly interested in this descriptive material and am now more convinced than ever that several types of “borings” may eventu- ally be described from the petrified wood of the Petrified Forest National Monument. Dr. Brues had only a few specimens available for study, but we have, in the logs of the Petrified Forest region, literally thousands of specimens of this nature. Surely a trained observer would not lack for study material for a research problem in the Petrified Forest National Monument. It is hoped that this 49975—38 137 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 paper will serve its purpose by calling attention to the existence of such phenomena and that future research workers will recognize that this area is worth a careful investigation. Plate 1 shows a map of the region and the localities where types were taken. LARVAL TRAILS IN THE PETRIFIED WOOD On many of the fossil trees in the Petrified Forest National Monu- ment there are peculiar ridges and shallow channels, some of which completely encircle the massive trunks. To the average observer these are just “funny” marks on the trees, but when examined care- fully they seem to indicate that they were made by some form of animal life. The more they are studied the more I am convinced that they were made by some insect (larvae) that had attacked the forest. These ridges, channels, and tunnels apparently represent the bur- rows and cuttings of the larvae of wood borers or bark beetles. Two different groups are recognized; one is represented by chan- nels that were apparently just under the bark; the other by tunnels or burrows cut through the heart-wood, some around the outside of the tree but sometimes penetrating 40 or 50 cm from the outside, while others bored through and through the wood in all directions. Several “species” of each group seem to be present. In order to distinguish these different forms, the following method of classifi- cation and description has been adopted: GROUP 1 This group consists of channels, not tunnels, that for the most part occur apparently just under the bark. The cuttings evidently are coming partly from the heart-wood. In some cases the cuttings were silicified and now form raised bands around the tree trunks. In some others the cuttings dropped out, leaving shallow channels. In this group there are three species, as follows: PALEOBUPRESTIS MAXIMA, new genus and species PLATH 2 Type specimen.—U.S.N.M. no. 95870. Referred specimen.—Petrified Forest Nat. Mon. Mus. no. 101. Type locality—Petrified Forest National Monument, Holbrook, Ariz. Formation.—Triassic (Chinle). Description—These channels seem to occur just under the bark. They measure about 10 mm across and may be followed completely around the tree; in some instances channels measure from 1 to 2 meters in length. The cuttings made by the larva as it worked along show exceptionally well. Where the cuttings were silicified in EVIDENCE OF TRIASSIC INSECTS—WALKER 139 place they now appear as raised bands 3 to 6 mm in thickness. The structure of the castings in the channels is in striking contrast to the normal texture and grain of the wood, which is in nearly all instances at right angles to the channel. PALEOBUPRESTIS MINIMA, new species PLatTe 3, B Type specimen.—U.8.N.M. no. 95871. Referred specimen.—Petrified Forest Nat. Mon. Mus. no. 183. Type locality —Petrified Forest National Monument, Holbrook, Ariz. Formation.—Triassic (Chinle). Description—These small channels measure only about 2 mm in diameter. None of them can be traced more than a few centimeters. It appears, however, as if some of them had completely encircled the small trunk. Some of the castings were silicified and appear as raised bands, while others dropped out and the work is preserved only as shallow channels. The castings in the channels are in striking contrast to the normal texture of the wood. PALEOSCOLYTUS DIVERGUS, new genus and species Puatp 3, A Type specimen —U.S.N.M. no. 95872. Referred specimen.—Petrified Forest Nat. Mon. Mus. no. 184. Type locality —Petrified Forest National Monument, Holbrook, Ariz. Formation—tTriassic (Chinle). Description.—These channels occur just under the bark. They measure only about 5 mm across but are not filled with the castings. The cuttings apparently fell out before being silicified. These chan- nels do not as a rule go around the tree but run in all directions, and consequently they appear very much like the workings of our modern bark beetles or engraver beetles of the family Scolytidae. The best channels of this species are found on some of the trees in the Black Forest of the Painted Desert section. GROUP 2 This group includes tunnels and burrows, not channels, that pene- trate the heart-wood. Some occur near the bark and seem to go around the log, while others seem to have bored through and through the wood. The cuttings in the tunnels have been completely silicified and agatized, but the tunnels are in striking contrast to the natural texture of the silicified and agatized wood. In this group there are two species, named as follows: 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 PALEOIPIDUS PERFORATUS, new genus and species PLATE 4, B Type specimen.—U.S.N.M. no. 95873. Referred specimen.—Petrified Forest Nat. Mon. Mus. no. 185. Type locality—Petrified Forest National Monument, Holbrook Ariz. Formation.—Triassic (Chinle). Description—These tunnels seem to go through and through the wood. They measure about 5 mm in diameter but appear to be angular rather than round. In some cases they are exposed by decay or weathering of the wood, and they appear square to rec- tangular in outline. Cross sections viewed in the solid matrix appear oval in outline but with a flattened surface on one side; the silicified cuttings are in striking contrast to the normal texture of the wood. PALEOIPIDUS MARGINATUS, new species PLATE 4, A Type specimen.—U.S.N.M. no. 95874. Referred specimen.—Petrified Forest Nat. Mon. Mus. no. 102. Type locality—Petrified Forest National Monument, Holbrook, Ariz. Formation—Triassic (Chinle). Description—These tunnels that occur in the heart-wood may be observed only in a few polished sections on exhibit in the museum. Tunnels of two sizes are recognized, one measuring about 2 mm, the other 3 mm, in diameter. In the few complete log sections where these tunnels have been observed, they never penetrate more than 10 or 20 cm from the margin or probable bark layer. The castings have been completely agatized but may be easily traced across a polished surface. SUMMARY As far as I have been able to observe, the only species of tree at- tacked by the borers is Araucariowy/lon arizonicum. In no instance has there been found evidence of insect activity in either Wood- worthia or Schilderia, the other two known genera of fossil trees from the Petrified Forest National Monument area. The large channels of Group 1 resemble somewhat the work of some modern buprestids, and it seems logical to believe that many of the trees were girdled and killed. In that way one might account for such a concentration of logs as occurs at about the 300-foot level in the Chinle of this region, where it is estimated that approximately 50 percent of the log sections show evidence of being attacked by these borers. U. To Holbrook, Winslow and Flagstaff S. NATIONAL MUS EUM To Holbrook and Winslow See ! | ( et — als ; | we— —— 8:8 ' y | $y ; P | i Vo gg NAVAJO 9# INDIAN RESERVATION t ae 3s | Z 2\< \ | | ee eee ee ee ee ee ry ew ce ee ee ee | [. Chinde Mesa : PETRIFiED \ FOREST a ee | 4 7 ' , ee Kiet a c I. q2- BLACK\. FOREST ue Soraya! —-—-—.] 3 g aVyiae e 5 lz gee" Sa) AS pa ‘| e 3 1 ‘ a ! zs z | a i al 3 i NATIONAL__ MONUMENT :| < a ‘ = 7 vv a no ° RIM 7 f Ds as oF 4, Ws | fi y NS ps oy Zuni Welly Z | ~ oy 1~-* (@ ‘Lime Mtn. %& \\ NAVAJO _COUNTY ge PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 Za RIO PUERCO \ j | CHECKING STATION L.- a Parking Grounds, Indian Ruins S ae ‘ SS and Pictographs ! ee! Adamana, i i IK Ap AAS A BT WEAR YF ZF RH |B —_—— ca alo ERGO wa , SF iB { ieee al us |e ste, Sj | 1 aes c By ~ c= The Haystacks os ji | . > | Cra | | 4c x 0 Twin Buttes | bh. oe ; | . : i . eee . ‘pee | PARKING = FIRST Dern GROUNDS Forest (#& Ps » ee Agate Bridg : 7 AA. (Natura) , / < g PETRIFIED \ FOREST Ly. 3 pet +3 GrounosO: ga* I fe ®) SECOND lx S@> FOREST « a ; i; 1 (1) RAINBOW we pases FOREST : \ 2 is 5 -s\ Ble 2 =) ziz £ = a5 a \ ratte) a ole Uv 2 2 . = | gly £ & sig S s ‘x 2 C/ zZ\< _" a / hi e PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT PLATE Location of types: Paleobuprestis maxima Paleobuprestis minima Paleoscolytus divergus Paleoipidus perforatus Paleoipidus marginatus ARIZONA SCALE OF MILES ° 1 2 LEGEND wees Main Auto Roads —— Other Roads | (66) U.S. Highway Numbers | State Highway Numbers 1 Pe AsiEare PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 NATIONAL MUSEUM = U EVIDENCE OF TRIASSIC INSECTS: PALEOBUPRESTIS MAXIMA, NEW GENUS AND SPECIES U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 3 PALEOBUPRESTIS MINIMA, (B) New GENUS AND SPECIES; New GENUS AND SPECIES. PALEOSCOLYTUS DIVERGUS, INSECTS: EVIDENCE OF TRIASSIC U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 FLATE 4 EVIDENCE OF TRIASSIC INSECTS: (A) PALEOIPIDUS MARGINATUS, NEW GENUS AND SPECIES; (B) PALEOIPIDUS PERFORATUS, NEW SPECIES. EVIDENCE OF TRIASSIC INSECTS—WALKER 141 Whether the heart-wood borers of Group 2 attacked only the dead trees cannot be determined, since no specimens have been found show- ing the workings of both groups on the same log section. Recent discoveries of beautifully preserved leaves of ferns and cycads lead one to believe that there is a possibility of someday finding fossil insect remains in these remarkable, fine-grained, paper shales of the Chinle. Numerous questions will undoubtedly arise in the minds of many regarding these very brief generalizations. It may be mentioned, however, that the Coleoptera are recorded as far back as the Triassic, and they were numerous in the Jurassic formation. Since we know that the buprestids date back many geological periods, it seems logical to believe that some form of larva or borer could have infested the trees of the great Triassic forests. There are numerous trails on the thin, fine-grained sandstones and flagstones of the Petrified Forest area that appear to have been made by some arthropod, but there is no reason for assuming that these trails were made by the adult beetles whose larvae worked the burrows in the trees. REFERENCES Brvues, CHARLES THOMAS. 1936. Evidences of insect activity preserved in fossil wood. Journ. Pal., vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 687-643, 6 figs. FERNALD, HENRY TORSEY. 1921. Applied entomology, xiv-+386 pp., 388 figs. LULL, RICHARD SWANN. 1915. Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley. Connecticut State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 24, 285 pp., 126 figs., 3 maps, 12 pls. Lutz, FRANK HUGENE. 1918. Field book of insects, x-+509 pp., 101 pls. (many col.). ZITTEL, KARL ALFRED VON. 1918. Text-book of paleontology, vol. 1, 889 pp., illus. (Edited by Charles Rochester Eastman.) U, S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1938 wee =. 2) mes - 7. tA “a ‘Baa mn Elites Sea ane Cac Tee: Pirin: Soap ae ay oat | Pray. wrkes Lae whe te 4 aa ee i haf lags aie ab ee hal eae sak mty ate: ar if ws cher wat, ree or ut i ie Res! - it 7 ik i eee / a ur 1 a ve é Wilene ic shite’ ne a ‘ita ; - aus Wie aut) a en ie fa = ‘ eeoaihge a or a oe i aie Scan iw bat D (ergy aati ‘ie Sard 4 ene Neal abn ante ? ae yr Tider io: aba ru fhe Aiphauky. 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NATIONAL MUSEUM ——————————————————————————————————__—_—__ IIE Vol. 85 Washington: 1938 No. 3034 Se — — —————————————————————————————oooeeeeeeeeeeooS=SoSSSSSSSSSSSSSSsSsSS ooo: REVIEW OF THE ANNELID WORMS OF THE FAMILY NEPHTYIDAE FROM THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES By Orca Hartman Tue Nepnryipsz of the northeast Pacific are known to be repre- sented by a single genus, Nephtys Cuvier. Five species of Nephtys have been reported from California, all of them typically polar Atlantic or circumpolar forms, with type localities as follows: XN. caeca (Fabricius), Greenland; NV. ciliata (OQ. F. Miller), Norway; N. assimilis Malmgren, Norway; N. incisa Malmgren, Norway; and N. malmgreni Théel, Novaya Zemlya. Thus, even at first glance, it is evident that the records for California should be examined criti- cally. Probably only one of these species, V. caeca, is present in California, and that one seemingly rare; whereas two others, J. ciliata and NV. malmgreni, are present in more northern Pacific waters. Doubts as to the identifications of WV. caeca have already been ex- pressed (Moore, 1909 and 1911; Monro, 1938; and others). In some cases differences have been described that have made it possible to identify the specimens in question with species treated herein. Materials used—Through the courtesy of the United States National Museum, its entire collection of west coast Nephtyidae was placed at my disposal. This collection contains most of the species herein treated. In addition, there were numerous collections in the zoology department of the University of California, chiefly from southern California. Others, made by E. F. Ricketts from Alaska and Puget Sound, were of great help. Still others, collected during 49951—38 143 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 the past four years by members of the classes of invertebrate zoology of the University of California, were obtained chiefly from the lit- toral zones of northern California. These collections have permitted — the examination of several hundred individuals. Acknowledgments—1 wish to express appreciation particularly to Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, of the United States National Museum, and to E. F. Ricketts, of Pacific Grove, Calif., for making available — many of the collections used; also to C. C. A. Monro, of the British — Museum, for labeled collections of European species of Nephtys. | Holotypes of new species are deposited in the United States National Museum; paratypes in the University of California. Terminology.—Recurved cirrus is herein used to designate the ventral outgrowth of the dorsal cirrus (=branchia or branchial cir- rus of some authors). Zerminal bifid papillae are the distal, bifur- cated outgrowths of the dorsal and ventral lips of the proboscis; the median dorsal papilla (when present) is the more or less elongate, unpaired papilla inserted between the terminal and subterminal pap- illae. The wartlike or hooklike elevations sometimes present on the proximal portion of the proboscis [héckerartigen Papillen of Ehlers (1868, p. 624) ] are not designated papillae, since they bear no resem- blance to the so-called more distal outgrowths. SPECIES OF NEPHTYS FROM THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC, WITH KNOWN DISTRIBUTION 1. Nephtys caeca (Farricrus) : Circumpolar; northeast Pacific south to central California (rare). Nereis caeca Fasrictus, 1780, p. 8304 (Greenland). Nephthys caeca EX trrs, 1864-68, p. 588 (Gulf of Georgia).—JoHNson, 1910, p. 401 (part) (Alaska, Puget Sound).—Moorg, 1908, p. 341 (Alaska ).—TREADWELL, 1914, p. 192 (part); 1926, p, 4 (Alaska) .— CHAMBERLIN, 1919, p. 255 (Gulf of Georgia).—BERKELEY, 1924, p. 290 (British Columbia). non Moore, 1909, p. 243; 1911, p. 248; 1923, p. 257.—Hiton, 1919, p. PYG) YE 2. Nephtys ciliata (O. F. MULier) : Circumpolar. Nereis ciliata MULiER, 1789, p. 14 (Norway). Nephthys ciliata Moorg, 1908, p. 341 (Alaska).—CHAMBERLIN, 1920, p. 9B (north circumpolar).—BERKELEY, 1924, p. 290 (British Columbia). ? non BERKELEY, 1935, p. 770 (Elkhorn Slough, Calif.). 3. Nephtys dibranchis GrusE: Tropical and subtropical Pacific. (See p. 146 for distribution details. ) 4. Nephtys magellanica AUGENER: Southeastern Pacific north to San Diego Bay. (See p. 146 for distribution details. ) 5. Nephtys malmgrenit TuHiéeL: Behm Canal, Alaska: Circumpolar. TuHtEL, 1879, p. 26 (Novaya Zemlya).—Moore, 1908, p. 342 (Alaska, dredged).—? TREADWELL, 1914, p. 192 (southern California). 6. Nephtys caecoides, new species: California (littoral) ; Lower California; Washington (rare). NEPHTYIDAE FROM NORTHEAST PACIFIC—HARTMAN 145 7. Nephtys californiensis, new species: California (littoral to 20 fathoms). 8. Nephtys schmitti, new species: Northeast Pacifie (dredged). 9. Nephtys rickettsi, new species: Northeast Pacific. 10. Nephtys punctata, new species: Alaska south to Monterey Bay. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEPHTYS FROM THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC AM PReCULVeG Clnrl involutes 222-4 2s es es 2 Recurved cirri not involute, some curved outward (fig. 63, g)_--------_-- 3 2. Recurved cirri developed at fourth or fifth setiger; proboscis distally with 22 rows of papillae; lyre setae present; neuro- podium with a slender, superior lobe_________________________ dibranchis Recurved cirri first developed after tenth setiger; proboscis dis- tally with 14 rows of papillae; lyre setae absent; neuropodium Wailthouc Superior lobess222- 222222 Le eee ee malmgreni 3. Recurved cirri flattened, foliaceous between segments 14 to 35 (fig: 65, ¢)'; proboscis proximally smooth-=__ 2: .---_ schmitti Recurved cirri cirriform or thickened, not foliaceous___________________ + 4, Recurved cirri thick, blunt, digitate in postmedial region (fig. 66, c) ; proboscis proximally obsoletely wartlike; postsetal lobes thick, fleshy, well developed in median region (fig. 66, 0)_--_____ rickettsi Recurved cirri cirriform or sickle-shaped (fig. 63, g)_------______________ 5 5. Recurved cirri present from tenth or eleventh setiger, absent from posterior fifth of body; proboscis proximally covered with minute, conical, chitinous, prickles__—.-_ = = punctata Recurved cirri present from third or fifth setiger to posterior end__________ 6 6. Neuropodial acicular lobe bluntly conical or rounded (fig. 62, AIL) tc ar A a rece en oe ene magellanica Neuropodial acicular lobe bilobed (fig. 63, g)_-________ Head short and broad; crown not greatly produced anteriorly, or if ‘so,, then. Species: robust and. brachypterous__—--- == 2. = 2 ee eee 4 38. Head subconical and pointed apically. Species macropterous__ Pagaronia Ball Head blunt apically. Species subbrachypterous______ Friscanus, new genus 4. Head narrower than pronotum; posterior margin of pronotum imeised ss. lhe a ake se Oe Pe oe eee Thatuna, new genus Head as broad as or broader than pronotum; posterior margin of PLOnobumM Not in Cised {= 8 ee ee ee Lystridea Baker Genus PAGARONIA Ball Pagaronia BALL, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 19, 1902. Relatively large Jeafhoppers, about 8-10 mm in length. Head, in- cluding eyes, distinctly narrower than pronotum; apex of head sub- conical and rather sharply pointed; face long and narrow, clypeus and clypellus large; crown irregularly convex, surface with numerous fine, irregular, longitudinal striae, posterior margin distinctly ele- vated above pronotum along its entire width and forming a distinct flange next each eye. Pronotum relatively short and broad; lateral margins carinate and diverging posteriorly; posterior margin shal- lowly incised medially. Fore and hind wings well developed and extending beyond tip of abdomen; central anteapical cell of fore wing usually open basally; appendix small or absent. Hind wing with four apical cells. Pecten of hind basitarsus consisting of six or seven setae of variable size, the first and last of the series spinelike. REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN 165 Ovipositor sheath extending beyond tip of pygofer; female pygofer with numerous setae. Male valve hidden or very small; male plates more or less elongate; styles relatively small and curved downward distally; sternal apodemes absent. Type of genus, Pagaronia 13-punctata Ball, 1902. Three species in addition to the genotype are recognized as belong- ing to the genus. Tettigonia tripunctata Fitch, 1851 (New York State Cab., p. 55), which has been referred to Pagaronia, belongs in the subfamily Cicadellinae on the basis of the position of the ocelli and the venation of the hind wings, and for it the genus Plestommata Provancher,! 1889 (p. 263), is available. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PAGARONIA 1. Black markings on head and thorax consisting of numerous ir- Heptlar DlOLCHeSs (plewo, pil Pes) oe ee ee eee triunata Ball Black markings on head and thorax consisting of small, definite SDOESH Cleo sels 2) OL ASEM Ge es es ee ee eee 2 2. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female not notched medially. Terminal processes of aedeagus extending beyond shaft of aedeagus (pl. 5, fig. 2B) --__-___________-__. furcata, new species Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female with a faint notch medially. Terminal processes of aedeagus extending laterad, and to some extend back along shaft of aedeagus (OID SESE GAGA) ae hl ee a ee ae 3 3. Aedeagus and its terminal processes slender, the latter not serrate (TOTS Ds Tig arg AS) es = we ie pe ns ee Fo confusa, new species Aedeagus and its terminal processes stout, the latter serrate on Outer marcins (pl... figiv4 A). 2. oe ee 13-punctata Ball PAGARONIA TRIUNATA Ball PLATE 5, Fiaures 1, 1A Pagaronia 13-punctata var. triunata Batu, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 20, 1902. Easily distinguished from other species of the genus by the irregu- lar black markings on the head and the long, slender male plates. Length 7.7-9.25 mm. General ground color sordid yellowish white. Clypeus with 11 or 12 pairs of short, transverse, brown or fuscous lines laterally, and a small black spot just below the apex of the head medially. An- terior margin of head with a small black spot next each eye and a large, irregular black mark in front of each ocellus, each of these frequently divided to form two irregular blotches. Crown with black to fuscous marks as follows: A small spot medially anterior to ocelli, another next each eye, a pair of elongate spots on posterior 1S. E. Crumb has called my attention to the fact that certain copies of Provancher’s “Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada,” vol. 3, 1889, contain the description of Plesiom- mata, which is based on a single species, biundulata, deseribed as new in the same publi- eation. It is apparent that Plesiommata biundulata Provancher, 1889, is synonymous with Tettigonia tripunctata Fitch, 1851 (new synonymy). 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 margin, and a large, irregular blotch between each ocellus and the adjacent eye. Pronotum with irregular black to fuscous marks on anterior one-half, especially laterally. Scutellum with a pair of faint spots on disk and sometimes faint basal triangles. All the markings on the head and thorax are subject to considerable variation in size, shape, and intensity. Fore wings of female sordid subhya- line with faint reddish brown in cells; fore wings of male usually with cells distinctly red or reddish brown, veins pale. Hind wings smoky subhyaline. Abdomen usually with extensive fuscous markings. Median length of crown slightly less than width of crown at anterior margin of eyes; median length of pronotum slightly greater than median length of crown. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female slightly produced and with a faint notch medially. Male plates long, slender, and nearly parallel-sided; length over three times their combined basal width; tips bluntly pointed; distal two- thirds set with numerous setae. Posterior margin of male pygofer with two pairs of slender, finger- like processes, the ventral pair extending dorsad and slightly caudad, the dorsal pair much shorter and directed caudad. Aedeagus stout; the portion carrying the ejaculatory duct extending first dorsad and then caudad; the apex obliquely truncate in lateral view, bifurcate in dorsal view. Distribution—Known only from California. In addition to the types, which are from Santa Clara County (Coquillett) and Santa Cruz Mountains (Koebele), there are examples at hand from Salinas (Ball), Alameda (Van Dyke), Honda (Oman), and specimens from the Uhler collection labeled “Coner.,” which presumably means either Congress Junction or Congress Springs, both localities in Santa Clara County. The above localities indicate a rather limited distribution in the coastal hills near San Francisco. PAGARONIA 13-PUNCTATA Ball PLATE 5, Ficures 4, 4A Pagaronia 13-punctata BAL, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 20, 1902. Pagaronia 13-punctata var. octopunctata KirKaLpy, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 70, 1909 (new synonymy). Color markings on head and pronotum consisting of a pattern of definite black spots. Length 8-9.5 mm. General ground color pale green to pale yellow, with 13 black spots as follows: One on clypeus just below apex of head, a pair on margin of crown near apex, one on the median line anterior to the ocelli, one below and one behind each ocellus, a pair on posterior margin of crown, and three arranged in a transverse row on the disk of the pronotum. The three pronotal spots (especially the two lateral REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN LGy. ones), the median spot on the crown, and the spots below the ocelli may be inconspicuous or absent, but the remaining spots are nearly always distinct. Fore wings subhyaline, sometimes with the cells golden-yellow. Head slightly more pointed than in triwnata, otherwise similar. Posterior margin of seventh sternite slightly produced and shallowly notched medially. Male plates slender, nearly three times as long as basal width, together slightly troughlike, not so flat as in triunata; tips blunt; surface set with numerous setae. Male pygofer without processes. Aedeagus stout, extending dor- sad and slightly caudad, bearing near the tip a pair of tapered processes that extend first ventrad and then laterad. Distribution.—Recorded only from California. The types are from Los Angeles County (Coquillett and Koebele), Pasadena (Fall), and Marin County (Fuchs). It is probable that the specimens from Marin County are not 13-punctata but confusa. Kirkaldy’s octo- punctata from the Santa Barbara foothills appears to be based on an example of 13-punctata that lacks the pronotal spots and the spots below the ocelli. This is a common variation and is not believed to be worthy of a name. Other localities represented in the material at hand are Lancaster (Uhler collection), Mint Canyon (Oman), and above Mint Canyon (Oman). Mint Canyon is between Saugus and Palmdale. The above records indicate a rather limited distribution in the low hills near Los Angeles. PAGARONIA CONFUSA, new species PLATE 5, Ficures 3, 3A Superficially identical with 13-punctata, with which it has ap- parently been confused, but with the male plates broader and the lateral processes of the aedeagus not curved. Length 8-9.5 mm. General color as in 13-punctata. Spots below ocelli and lateral spots on pronotum usually absent. Cells of fore wings of males pale orange-yellow, of females pale yellow to pale sordid yellow. Head slightly more pointed than in 13-punctata. Seventh sternite of female as in 13-punctata. Male plates relatively slender, but dis- tinctly broadened near base and then tapering to bluntly rounded tips; surface set with numerous setae. Pygofer without processes. Aedeagus long and slender, curved dorsad posteriorly; apex with a pair of slender, pointed processes which extend ventrad and laterad. Type locality—Mount Diablo, Calif. Types.—U.S.N.M. no. 52220. Remarks.—The entire type series, consisting of the holotype male, allotype female, and 13 male and 8 female paratypes, were taken by the writer and Mrs. Oman at the type locality, June 21, 1935. 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 Distribution—tIn addition to the type series there are at hand specimens from San Rafael (Oman), Sausalito (Thompson), and Palo Alto (Baker), Calif., and Reno?, Nev. (Brown). PAGARONIA FURCATA, new species PuatTe 5, Fies. 2-2B Superficially resembling 13-pwnctata Ball but larger, more robust and with much broader male plates. Length 8.75-10 mm. General ground color pale green to greenish white. Black spots on head and pronotum as in 13-punctata but frequently with an addi- tional spot below each ocellus and a spot on the median line of the pronotum anteriorly. Fore wings with veins whitish subhyaline; cells orange in the males, pale yellow or pale sordid yellow in the females. Hind wings subhyaline. Head pointed but not so distinctly so as in 13-punctata. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female slightly produced and un- notched. Male plates much broader basally than in 13-punctata, broadened still more near base, and tapering to bluntly rounded tips, the posterior two-thirds set with numerous setae. Male pygofer without processes. Aedeagus long and slender, the portion carrying ejaculatory duct curving dorsad posteriorly and ending in a pair of slender, pointed processes which extend on beyond tip of aedeagus. Type locality —Cold Springs, Sequoia National Forest, Calif. Ty pes.—U.S.N.M. no. 52221. Remarks.—The type series consists of the holotype male, allotype female, and 11 male and 10 female paratypes taken at the type local- ity by the writer and Mrs. Oman, June 10, 1935. ’ FRISCANUS, new genus Intermediate in character between Pagaronia Ball and Errhomus, new genus; differing from the former in having shorter wings and no spinelike setae in the pecten of the hind basitarsus, and from the latter in the character of the surface of the crown, which has nu- merous fine, longitudinal striae. Head, including eyes, slightly narrower than pronotum; crown nearly flat, median length greater than length of pronotum. Pro- notum rather short and broad; lateral margins carinate. Scutellum small. Fore wings subcoriaceous and rather short, not reaching to tip of abdomen, lacking appendices; venation variable. Hind wings short, reaching fifth or sixth abdominal segment. Pecten of hind basitarsus consisting of five setae of nearly uniform size, none of which are spinelike. Sexual dimorphism apparent. REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN 169 Ovipositor sheath extending beyond tip of pygofer; female pygofer with numerous short setae. Male valve smail, usually con- cealed; male plates slender and elongate; styles small, curved laterad and ventrad distally; male with two pairs of sternal apodemes, arising from the second and third abdominal segments. Type of the genus, Hrrhomenellus friscanus Ball, 1909. No other species belonging to the genus are known. FRISCANUS FRISCANUS (Ball) PLAte 5, FIGURE 6 Errhomenellus friscanus BAty, Can. Ent., vol. 41, p. 182, 1999. Memnonia simpler Van Duzer, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol 7, p. 294, 1917 (new synonymy). Rather robust leafhoppers without distinctive markings. Length of female 5.75-6 mm, of male 3.75-4.1 mm. Female nearly uniformly pale green. Male pale green or powdery green, with fuscous to black markings as follows: A pair of stripes across crown and pronotum, converging and sometimes fused ante- riorly, frequently reduced to two pairs of spots on the crown and two faint, irregular stripes on pronotum; basal triangles on scutel- lum, frequently entirely absent; areas on fore wing, particularly the clavus and apical and costal cells; portions of dorsum of abdomen and tips of plates; inner surface of fore tibia and distal tarsal seg- ment of first two pairs of legs. Most of these markings are at times indistinct or absent. Crown of female 1.6 times as long as pronotum, that of male 14 times as long as pronotum. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female slightly produced and with a small notch medially. Male plates long and slender, curved upward posteriorly, tapering slightly to rounded tips. Male pygofer with a pair of slender, pointed, fingerlike processes arising ventrally and extending dorsad and caudad along posterior margins of pygofer. Aedeagus simple, stout basally, terminal por- tion slender and pointed and directed dorsad. Both pairs of sternal apodemes heavily sclerotized and black, the first pair rather slender, the second pair broad. Distribution —Originally described from material collected at San Francisco, Calif. All specimens of the rather extensive collection at hand came either from San Francisco or from localities along the coast a short distance south of San Francisco. I have found nymphs and adults abundant on Lupinus arboreus in June. ERRHOMUS, new genus Related to Hrrhomenellus Puton, with which it has been confused, but differing from that genus as fixed by its type, brachypterus 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 Fieber, in having a shorter rostrum, the lateral margins of the genae not notched below the eyes, a shorter, broader face, and the crown usually without a distinct median carina. Crown as long as, or usually longer than, the pronotum; margin between crown and face either rounded or carinate. Pronotum short, posterior one-half usually faintly, transversely striate; lateral margins carinate; posterior margin shallowly incised. Males bra- chypterous, subbrachypterous, or macropterous; fore wings mem- branous or sometimes subcoriaceous; venation irregular, with outer anteapical cell usually absent or small and central anteapical cell usually open basally; appendix absent. Females brachypterous so far as known; fore wings usually subcoriaceous. Pecten of hind basitarsus usually composed of four to six setae in an uneven row. Sexual dimorphism apparent. Ovipositor sheath extending beyond tip of pygofer. Male pygofer appressed. Male valve small; plates long and slender; styles long, slender, and curved upward distally; pygofer with a pair of hook- like processes next anal tube; sternal apodemes absent. Type of the genus, “rrhomenus lineatus Baker, 1898. The species assigned to the genus may be divided into two subgenera, as indi- cated by the following key: KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ERRHOMUS 1. Anterior margin of crown not distinctly carinate, Clypeus dis- tinectly swollen; suture between clypeus and lateral facial sclerites deeply impressed. (Subgenus Errhomus) ~~ ~--~------------- 2 Anterior margin of crown distinctly carinate. Clypeus not dis- tinctly swollen; suture between clypeus and lateral facial sclerites not deeply impressed. (Subgenus Carsonus)—-~--~~------------- 4 2. Eyes somewhat bulbous. Very robust species; males sub- brachyplterous-5-* 2-2 Se ee eee ee oregonensis (Baker) Eyes not bulbous. Not unusually robust species; males macropierousso fark as® knowns 22s) = eee 3 38. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female produced and with a small median notch. Lateral processes of aedeagus rather Stout and: serrate on-outer mareins == 22-222 =) ee montanus (Baker) Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female broadly and rather shallowly incised. Lateral processes at tip of aedeagus slender andinotiserrates.==222 ae See a ee eee lineatus (Baker) 4, Anterior margin of head neither thin nor subfoliaceous; disk of TLDs CODY CR Oi See ee irroratus (Ball) Anterior margin of head thin and subfoliaceous; disk of crown Hai COL MCONCRV Cn eee Fee ee = eS re ee eer ee ee 22 ee ee 5 5. Crown of female only slightly produced medially, anterior margin rounded. Pygofer process of male as illustrated in plate 6, HOUne) eek ae eS eee oe Ue Lee ee maculatus (Gillette and Baker) Crown of female distinctly produced and subangular. Pygofer process of male mot, as -aboves.—— = oe aridus (Ball) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 5 NY? /- TRIUNATA ss 2-FURCATA Zs =e hes 5 4-/3-PUNC TATA / pennant a | iy ie ea fv yf _, 5-MONTANUS 6-FRISCANUS LEAFHOPPERS OF GENERA PAGARONIA, ERRHOMUS, AND FRISCANUS. 1, Pagaronia triunata Ball, head and thorax; 1A, lateral view of male genitalia; 2, P. furcata, new species, head and thorax; 2A, lateral view of male genitalia; 2B, caudodorsal view of tip of aedeagus; 3, P. confusa, new species, lateral view of male genitalia; 3A, caudal view of tip of aedeagus; 4, P. 13-punctata Ball, lateral view of male genitalia; 4A, dorsal view of tip of aedeagus; 5, Errhomus montanus (Baker), lateral view of genital capsule of male, showing pygofer process; 5A, dorsal view of tip of aedeagus; 6, Friscanus friscanus (Ball), lateral view of male genitalia. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 6 To ae 8A \ /0-AR/DUS /3-SPICATUS 7- OREGONENS/S @-LINEATUS 9-MACULATUS //-FURCATUS — ie a eS /2-IRRORATUS 12B LAG \ 12A eae /4-GILLETTI /6-UHLERI ISA LEAFHOPPERS OF GENERA ERRHOMUS, THATUNA, AND LYSTRIDEA. 7, Errhomus oregonensis (Baker), lateral view of aedeagus; 7A, dorsal view of apex of aedeagus; 8, /. lineatus (Baker), lateral view of aedeagus; 8A, caudal view of tip of aedeagus; 9, . maculatus (Gillette and Baker), dorsal view of pygofer process of male; 10, F. aridus (Ball), dorsal view of pygofer process of male; 11, £. aridus furcatus, new subspecies, dorsal view of pygofer process of male; 114, lateral view of same; 12, PF. irroratus (Ball), dorsal view of styles, connective, and aedeagus; 12A, dorsal view of male pygofer process; 12B, lateral view of same; 12C, lateral view of aedeagus; 13, F. irroratus spicatus, new subspecies, lateral view of pygofer process of male; 14, Thatwna gilletti, new species, head and thorax; 14A, lateral view of styles, connective, and aedeagus; 14B, dorsal view of same; 15, Lystridea nuda, new species, head and thorax; 15A, lateral view of male genitalia; 16, 1. whleri (Baker), lateral view of style. i ee ee REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN Wet ERRHOMUS (ERRHOMUS) OREGONENSIS (Baker) PLATE 6, Figures 7, TA Errhomenus oregonensis BAKER, Psyche, vol. 8, p. 262, 1898. Very robust, with the short, broad fore wings adding to the robust appearance. Length of female 7.5-9 mm, of male 5.25-5.75 mm. Ground color sordid yellowish white. Clypeus marked with trans- verse bars of fuscous to black; crown with irregular fuscous to black marks near apex and next eyes, and a pair of black spots at base. Pronotum with a black area behind each eye and a transverse row of irregular black or fuscous markings. Fore wings with faint irregu- lar brown to fuscous markings except for an area on disk; veins usually sordid white. Abdomen and legs variously marked with brown, fuscous, or black. All the markings of this species are ex- tremely variable in intensity and size, and there are frequently irreg- ular spots in addition to those mentioned. Crown slightly longer than pronotum, slightly depressed laterad of each ocellus. Pronotum of nearly uniform length throughout its width. Fore wings rounded apically, extending to the fifth to eighth abdominal segment; veins prominent, venation irregular. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female faintly incised medially. Male plates rather slender, tapering slightly from base to bluntly pointed tips. Tips of plates bent upward and diverging slightly. Pygofer process of male broad, subtruncate distally, with a very short, toothlike protuberance projecting ventrad from the caudal margin. Aedeagus stout; tip truncate, with two pairs of short, spinelike projections, two extending laterad and two cephalad. Tips of styles hooked upward. Distribution.—Originally described from specimens collected in Oregon by Koebele and one female from Corvallis, Oreg., collected by A. B. Cordley. Of these, a male specimen bearing Baker’s red determination label is considered to be the type. In addition to the Oregon specimens I have examined one female from Humboldt, Calif. (H. S. Barber), and males, females, and one nymph from Paradise Valley, Mount Ranier, Wash. (W. W. Baker). ERRHOMUS (ERRHCGMUS) MONTANUS (Baker) PLATH 5, Fieures 5, 54 Errhomenus montanus Baker, Psyche, vol. 8, p. 262, 1898. Less robust than oregonens?s, head subangular rather than bluntly rounded. Males macropterous. Length of female 7.25-7.75 mm, of male 5.5-6 mm. 51704—38 2 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 Females pale sordid yellow mottled and marked with brown to fuscous. Males similarly colored, but usually with more extensive fuscous markings, sometimes almost wholly fuscous except for veins of fore wings, which are either unmarked or irregularly marked with fuscous. Anterolateral margins of crown nearly straight. Crown of female about one and one-half times as long as pronotum, that of male only slightly longer than pronotum. Venation of fore wing of male irregular; outer anteapical cell absent, central anteapical cell open basally, inner anteapical cell either open or closed basally; costal area with a few irregular veins from radius to costal margin in region of anteapical cells. Fore wing of female obliquely sub- truncate, reaching to third abdominal segment. Seventh sternite of female long, posterior margin produced and with a faint median notch. Male plates slender, diverging apically, slightly narrowed between base and middle. Pygofer processes of male rather slender and sharply pointed distally. Aedeagus rather slender, bearing at the tip a pair of sinu- ately curved processes, which extend down along the shaft of the aedeagus and are coarsely and irregularly serrate on the outer margins. Styles slender, pointed distally. Distribution —Originally described from seven specimens from northern Colorado, the specific localities mentioned being Fort Collins and Cameron Pass. One of these, a male from Rabbit Ears Pass, bears Baker’s determination label and is considered to be the type. In addition to the type series, I have examined specimens from Little Beaver, Colo. (Ball), Soldier Creek, Utah (Knowlton), and Fish Lake Mountain near Richfield, Utah (no collector). ERRHOMUS (ERRHOMUS) LINEATUS (Baker) PLATE 6, Fiaures 8, SA Errhomenus lineatus BAKER, Psyche, vol. 8, p. 261, 1898. Superficially identical with montanus but with head slightly shorter and blunter and the processes of the aedeagus not serrate. Males macropterous. Length of female 7.25-8 mm, of male 6-7 mm. Color as in montanus but with less mottling and more distinct spots. Structure about as in montanus except as noted. Seventh sternite of female with posterior margin very shallowly incised. Male plates as in montanus. Pygofer processes of male similar to those of montanus but not so sharply pointed. Distal portion of aedeagus composed of two parts, a stout, curved dorsal portion without terminal processes, and a slender, curved, ventral portion which carries the ejaculatory duct and terminates in a pair of slender, fingerlike processes. sta a ie = a lc ag A 5 i al ieee” REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN 173 Distribution —The original description was based on specimens of both sexes from Pullman, Wash. (C. V. Piper). One of the fe- males, which bears Baker’s red label, is considered the type. I have also examined specimens from the following localities in Washington: Yakima (A. R. Rolfs), Ritzville (M. C. Lane), north of Dryden (A. L. Melander), Ellensburg (W. W. Baker) ; and Moscow, Idaho (J. Gillett). CARSONUS, new subgenus Differing from typical Zrrhomus as indicated in the key, and in addition having the hooklike processes of the male pygofer heavily sclerotized and bearing sharp spines or serrations, or both. In the subgenus H'rrhomus the hooklike processes of the male pygofer are of the same texture as the pygofer, and are bent ventrad posteriorly. In Carsonus the style has a sharp toothlike projection on the ventral surface about one-third the distance from the apex. Aedeagus of Carsonus as illustrated (pl. 6, figs. 12, 12C). Type of the subgenus, Acocephalus maculatus Gillette and Baker, 1895. ERRHOMUS (CARSONUS) IRRORATUS (Ball) PLate 6, FreurEs 12-12C Errhomenellus irroratus BALL, Can. Ent., vol. 34, p. 18, 1902. Rather robust; face strongly convex; crown of female distinctly longer than that of male. Length of female 5.5-6.5 mm, of brachyp- terous male 3.75—4 mm, of macropterous male 4.4-5 mm. Female pale sordid yellow, heavily irrorate with fuscous and black; male fuscous to black, with numerous small circular yellow spots. Crown of female longer than pronotum, that of male equal to or shorter than pronotum. Fore wings of brachypterous specimens obliquely subtruncate, reaching to base of fourth abdominal segment. Fore wings of macropterous males with outer anteapical cell either present or absent, central and inner anteapical cells either open or closed basally. Seventh sternite of female long; posterior margin notched medially and strongly sinuated between median notch and lateral angles. Male plates slender, of nearly uniform width; tips blunt. Pygofer process of male with two toothlike projections, distal portion rounded and finely serrate on dorsal margin. Style broadened before apex and with a hook on ventral surface; tip pointed and recurved. Aedeagus rather stout basally, tapering distally and slightly curved. Distribution —Originally described from two females from Siski- you County, Calif. (Koebele). The description of the male is based 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 upon a specimen collected near Bray, Calif. (Siskiyou County), June 29, 1935 (Oman). I have examined a long series of specimens in- cluding adults of both sexes and one nymph from Bray (Beamer and Oman); females from Weed, Calif. (Ball); near Bend, Oreg. (Bea- mer and Oman) ; Cliffdell, Wash. (Oman) ; Naches, Wash. (Beamer) ; and males and females from Craig, Colo. (Beamer). ERRHOMUS (CARSONUS) IRRORATUS SPICATUS, new subspecies PLATE 6, FIGURE 13 Externally identical with typical ¢rroratus but with the pygofer process of the male with an erect, spinelike extension of the dorsal margin distally. Type locality —Criterion Pass, Oreg. Types.—U.S.N.M. no. 52222. Remarks.—Described from two macropterous males, the holotype collected July 2, 1935, by the writer, paratype from Tampico, Wash., May 16, 1932, A. R. Rolfs. The true significance of the differences found in the pygofer proc- esses of the males and the heads of the females beionging to this subgenus is not clear, and the problem is made more difficult by the rather infrequent association of specimens of the two sexes in material collected at a single locality. Because avidus Ball shows considerable uniformity of structure in material from several localities, I have decided to call attention to certain other segregates by describing them as subspecies of 7rroratus or aridus. ERRHOMUS (CARSONUS) MACULATUS (Gillette and Baker) PLATE 6, FIGURE 9 Acocephalus maculatus GILLETTE and BAKER, Colorado Agr. Expt. Stat. Bull. 31, p. 83, 1895. Resembling zrroratus but with crown flat or concave and posterior margin of seventh sternite of female less deeply incised. Length of female 6-6.5 mm, of brachypterous male 4-4.25 mm, of macropterous male 4.75 mm. Color as in ¢rroratus but usually not so dark. Crown rather short, not subangular at apex. Fore wings of brachypterous specimens reaching fourth abdominal segment ; macropterous males usually with three anteapical cells in fore wing. Seventh sternite of female large; notches and sinuations in poste- rior margin not so pronounced as in 7rroratus. Male plates about as in érroratus. Pygofer process of male ending in one straight spine and one slender spine which curves mesad. Styles and aedeagus as in irroratus. REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN 175 Distribution—In addition to three specimens from Colorado (Baker collection), I have examined two females from Soldier, Utah (Ball), and a male from Ephraim, Utah (Ball). Remarks.—According to the statement accompanying the original description of maculatus, 1t was described from two female speci- mens, but after a careful study of the description and illustrations, together with a male specimen labeled “type,” I have concluded that. the type specimens were actually males. The specimen labeled “type” fits exactly the illustrations of the head and genitalia, and the length is nearly as indicated. What is described and illustrated by Gillette and Baker as the last ventral segment of the female is actually the shallowly incised and strongly appressed eighth sternite of the male. Moreover, the plates of this male bear a strong resemblance to the ovipositor sheath of a teneral female. ERRHOMUS (CARSONUS) ARIDUS (Ball) PLATE 6, FIGURE 10 Errhomenellus aridus BALL, Can. Ent., vol. 41, p. 183, 1909. Closely related to maculatus, but with the apex of the crown sub- angular and the posterior lateral angles of the seventh sternite of the female more produced. Length of female 6-6.5 mm, of brachyp- terous male 4 mm, of macropterous male 4.5 mim. Pale sordid yellow, with irregular spots and maculations of brown and fuscous. Usually with fewer dark markings than either zrroratus or maculatus. Macropterous male usually with three closed anteapical cells in fore wing. Seventh sternite of female long, posterior margin much pro- duced laterally, incised medially, and either incised or strongly sinuated between median notch and lateral angles. Male plates as in ¢rroratus. Pygofer process of male with two curved, hooklike projections extending mesad. Styles and aedeagus as in 7rroratus. Distribution —Originally described from four males from Reno, Nev. The description of the female is based upon a specimen from the type locahty, April 30, 1908, E. D. Ball. Examples of aridus are at hand from Reno, Nev. (Ball); “Nevada” (Uhler collection) ; Kanab, Utah (Ball); Craig, Colo. (Beamer); Durango, Colo. (Oman); Naches, Wash. (Beamer) ; and Cliffdell, Wash. (Oman). ERRHOMUS (CARSONUS) ARIDUS FURCATUS, new subspecies PLATE 6, Figures 11, 11A Externally identical with typical aridus but with the pygofer process of the male bifurcate posteriorly in dorsal view, the two forks 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 8% rather short and pointed. In the type a dorsal toothlike projection is much more prominent than in either of the two paratypes, which may represent a still different segregate. Type locality Easton, Wash. Type and paratype.—U.S.N.M. no. 52223. Paratype.—University of Kansas collection. Remarks.—Described from three macropterous males; the holotype collected by A. Koebele (no date), one paratype from Wenatchee Mountains, Wash., July 9, 1930, F. P. Dean, and one paratype from Mount Rainier, Wash., July 6, 1935, R. H. Beamer. ERRHOMUS (CARSONUS) ARIDUS INCERTUS, new subspecies Slightly larger than typical avidus; length of female 6.75-7 mm. Compared with typical artdus the crown is shorter, the clypeus more convex, and the posterior lateral angles of the seventh sternite of the female are less produced. Type locality —Cajon Pass, Calif. Types.—U.S.N.M. no. 52224. Remarks.—Described from a series of 82 females (holotype and paratypes) collected at the type locality by the writer and Mrs. Oman, June 6, 1935. Distribution —In addition to the types, other female specimens are at hand from the following California localities: Warner Springs (Oman), Macdoel (Oman), Doyle (Ball), Chilcoot (Ball), and Dorris (Beamer). THATUNA, new genus Closely related to Bathysmatophorus*? Sahlberg, with which it agrees in general habitus and in the structure of the head and pro- notum, but differing from that genus in the venation of the fore wing, which has the outer anteapical cell small and triangular and the central anteapical cell usually open basally. Large, rather elongate leafhoppers. Head, including eyes, nar- rower than pronotum; face rather short and sparsely pilose; clypeus greatly swollen, especially near base of clypellus; margin between face and crown blunt and indefinite; crown rather short, surface uneven and with a few irregular, mostly longitudinal striae. Ocelli small, eyes somewhat bulbous. Pronotum about one-half as long ?T am not familiar with B. reuteri Sahlberg, 1871 (Notiser ur siillskapets pro fauna et flora Fennica férhandlingar, vol. 12, p. 111), the type of Bathysmatophorus, and my con- cept of the genus is based upon a study of the original description and Fieber’s illustrations on pl. 10 of Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1876. REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN 77 as wide, lateral margins long and distinctly carinate, posterior margin shallowly incised, surface irregularly transversely striate on posterior one-half. Scutellum large. Fore wing of male long, extending well beyond tip of abdomen; venation irregular, second cross vein extend- ing obliquely distad from media to cubitus, appendix nearly absent; texture subcoriaceous, surface sparsely pilose along veins. Costal area of hind wing much wider basally than near hamulus. Female unknown, probably brachypterous. Pecten of hind basitarsus com- posed of five or six setae, these not clearly differentiated from the numerous setae covering the lower surface of the tarsal segment. Male valve very small; plates long and slender; styles exceedingly long; pygofer with a pair of hooklike processes next to anal tube; sternal apodemes absent. Type of the genus, Thatuna gilletti, new species. THATUNA GILLETTI, new species PLATE 6, Fiaurms 14-14B Length of male 8.5 mm. Ground color sordid yellowish white, heavily mottled with fuscous to black. Fore wing with numerous sordid white spots, the largest of these being along coastal margin or apically on veins. Hind wing smoky subhyaline. Male plates turned upward distally, apices slightly diverging. Styles extending beyond plates, curved upward posteriorly, each with a small toothlike process on outer ventral surface at about the middle of posterior portion. Aedeagus broad basally, tapering distally, curved first caudad and dorsad, then bent abruptly ventrad at the distal end of the ejaculatory duct and bent again so that the terminal portion is directed ventrad and cephalad, bearing at the opening of the ejaculatory duct a pair of slender processes which extend laterad and slightly cephalad; distal portion forked. Hook- like processes of pygofer stout, pointed, and directed ventrad distally. Type locality —Moscow, Idaho. Type and paratypes.—U.S.N.M. no. 52225. Paratypes.—In collections of J. A. Gillett, E. D. Ball, and Uni- versity of Kansas. Remarks.—Described from a series of 10 male specimens as fol- lows: Holotype and six paratypes from the type locality, May 31, 1931, J. Gillett; two paratypes from Cedar Monntain, Moscow, Idaho, June 24, 1920, M. C. Lane; and one paratype from Troy, Idaho, May 31, J. M. Aldrich. I take pleasure in naming this unusual species for Joseph A. Gillett, who has collected many interesting leafhoppers in Idaho. 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 Genus LYSTRIDEA Baker? Lystridea BAKER, Psyche, vol. 8, p. 261, 1898. Related to Thatuna, new genus, but with the head as wide as or wider than the pronotum, the clypeus less swollen, and the posterior margin of the pronotum not incised. Rather large, robust leaf- hoppers. Head, including eyes, usually slightly wider than pronotum. Crown nearly flat, broad, and rather short; surface with numerous irregular striae behind ocelli. Ocelli small. Pronotum short and broad; lateral margins short and carinate; posterior margin very shallowly concave; surface transversely striate on posterior one-half. Males macropterous; wings membranous, venation variable but usually forming three anteapical cells, second cross vein between media and cubitus usually present and joining media at or anterior to base of central anteapical cell; appendix absent. Females brachyp- terous, fore wings subcoriaceous, venation variable and frequently obscure. Pecten of hind basitarsus consisting of six to eight setae of variable size, the first and last of the series usually spinelike. Sexual dimorphism apparent. Ovipositor sheath extending well beyond tip of pygofer; female pygofer with only a few small setae. Male valve small, usually concealed; male plates long and slender; styles very long, compressed distally; sternal apodemes absent; pygofer with a pair of hooklike processes next anal tube. Type of the genus, Lystridea conspersa Baker, 1898, which is a synonym of Bathysmatophorus uhleri Baker, 1898. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LYSTRIDEA Distal portion of aedeagus with many stout setae. Species large_ uhleri (Baker) Distal portion of aedeagus without setae. Species smaller. Dis- tribution: southern Calitormia® =— 2 Se ee ee nuda, new species LYSTRIDEA UHLERI (Baker) PLATE 6, FIGURE 16 Bathysmatophorus uhleri BAKER, Psyche, vol. 8, p. 260, 1898. Lystridea conspersa BAKER, Psyche, vol. 8, p. 261, 1898. A large species, the males rather elongate, the females robust. Length of female 8-10 mm, of male 7-9 mm. Width of head of female 2.75-3 mm, of male 2.5-2.75 mm. 3 Following his description of Bathysmatophorus whleri, Baker, referring to his type specimens, states: “These specimens bore the Mss. name Lystridea conspersa Uhl.’ This association of the name Lystridea conspersa with the description of B. whleri appears to satisfy the requirements of Article 25 of the International Rules of Zoological Nomencla- ture and validates the name as a synonym of B. whleri. The specific name conspersa must remain a synonym of whleri, but the generic name Lystridea is available for the species indicated. REVISION OF TRIBE ERRHOMENELLINI—OMAN 179 General color brown mottled with fuscous; females often pale sordid yellow to gray with fuscous marks, and sometimes with large, irregular white marks basally and apically on fore wing. Crown of female produced medially, about one-half longer medially than next the eye; crown of male shorter, about one-third longer medially than next the eye. Pronotum of female very short, about equal to crown in length; that of male proportionately much longer, at least one and one-half times as long as crown. Fore wing of female reaching to about the middle of the eighth tergite; anteapical cells usually present but much shortened; apical cells very short. Fore wing of male extending well beyond tip of abdomen. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female with a V-shaped notch medially extending over halfway to base of segment; margin between notch and lateral angles slightly simuated. Male plates curved slightly upward posteriorly, together elongate triangular; lateral margins curved upward; surface set. with numerous fine setae. Processes on male pygofer heavily sclerotized, extending caudad but tips pointed and curved mesad, Aedeagus stout, curved upward posteriorly, distal portion with many stout setae laterally, these di- rected back along the shaft of the aedeagus. Inner surface of style concave distally; dorsal terminal projection bent mesad and forming a distinct hook; shaft with a toothlike projection on lower outer surface near apex. Distribution—The distribution of whlert appears to be primarily northern California and Oregon, but there are also specimens at hand from as far south in California as Los Angeles and from Nevada (without specific locality). Remarks.—Baker’s type series of whleri contained specimens of two species, but the name wh/er7 is here restricted to the species rep- resented by Baker’s single female cotype from Dunsmuir, Calif. (Wickham), which bears his red determination label and is considered to be the type specimen. LYSTRIDEA NUDA, new species Th PLATE 6, FIGURES 15, 15A Closely related to, and previously confused with, Lystridea uhleri, but smaller and the males with shorter wings. Length of female 6.75-8.25 mm, of male 5.5-6.5 mm. Width of head of female 2.5-2.75 mm, of male 2.25-2.5 mm. Color as in whlervi but with males slightly darker and with larger fuscous marks on head and thorax. 51704—38 2 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 General form about as in whleri but proportionately smaller and males slightly more robust. Pronotum of males only slightly longer than crown. Fore wing of female as in whleri but with venation less distinct and anteapical cells usually not apparent. Fore wing of male as in vAleri but shorter, extending to tip of abdomen. Posterior margin of seventh sternite of female as in whleri but with lateral angles more produced. Pygofer processes of male as in whlerd. Aedeagus without numerous setae on distal portion. Style similar to that of whleri but with the dorsal terminal projection more slender and more strongly hooked and the toothlike projection near the apex more prominent and somewhat hooked. There is some variation in the shape of the distal portion of the style in both whleri and nuda, but in general nuda has this part broader and shorter with respect to the shaft of the style than does whleri. Type locality—Los Angeles County, Calif. Type and paratypes.—U.S.N.M. no. 52226. Paratypes.—In collection of E. D. Ball. Remarks.—Described from 13 specimens as follows: Holotype male, allotype female, and two male paratypes from the type locality, Coquillett collector; three male paratypes from Los Angeles, Calif., Uhler collection; three male paratypes and one female paratype labeled “California” from the collections of Uhler and Coquillett; and one male and one female paratype from Ontario, Calif., April 21, 1908, E. D. Ball. Distribution.—This species appears to be limited to southern Cali- fornia. In addition to the types there are specimens at hand from San Diego, Mint Canyon, Saugus, Cajon Pass, Warner Springs, and San Jacinto Mountains. US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.1933 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued 1%4 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM eo Oo Vol. 85 Washington: 1938 No. 3037 ole A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE DIP- TEROUS FAMILY PHORIDAE By CuHaries T. GREENE Species of Phoridae exhibit considerable variation in habit. Some are known to develop upon carrion, upon dead and decaying snails, upon dead insects of various orders, and upon decaying vegetable matter. Two species are recorded from cocoons of the elm sawfly, Cimbex americana Leach, and two others from nests of the wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius), while several species have been col- lected from exhumed human bodies. The larvae of Synewra coc- ciphila Coquillett have been reported infesting the heads of the cot- tony cushion scale, Zcerya purchasi Maskell, and unidentified larvae, thought to be those of a phorid, have been found in the heads of termites. Numerous species are myrmecophilous. Some are said to attack ants directly, as, for example, Apocephalus coquilletti Malloch and A. similis Malloch, which are recorded as attacking species of Camponotus; while others are known to be inquilines or commensals. The material described in this paper came to the writer recently for identification. Both species were taken in association with certain species of ants, upon which they may be parasitic. ATTAMYIA, new genus Head of medium size; frons with one pair of postantennal bristles; the usual frontal bristles present, except that the middle pair ordi- narily located immediately above the postantennal pair are absent. Mesopleuron bare. Wings of usual size; third vein not forked at 51716—38 181 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOU. 85 tip; first and third veins approximated; first vein entire. Legs rather slender, front and middle femora of equal width, about half as wide as the posterior pair; middle tibiae with spines other than the apical spurs. This genus looks very much like Synewra and runs out near it in Malloch’s table of North American Phoridae,’ but it is distinct and easily separated from that genus by the characters given above. Genotype.—Attamyia tewana, new species. ATTAMYIA TEXANA, new species Fiaure 69, a-d Female.—Black, dull, dorsum of the thorax with a metallic sheen; abdomen with a bluish-green iridescence; sixth segment twice as long us the fifth, tapering toward the apex and shiny on the apical half. Frons (fig. 69, a) slightly wider than long; four strong bristles on each side; upper two at the ends of two transverse rows of four bristles each; postantennal bristles smaller, proclinate, in some speci- mens cruciate, in others convergent. Antenna (fig. 69, 6) with first two joints yellow; third joint grayish brown, elongate, more pointed at the apex; arista nearly black; first two joints small, third very slender, with short pubescence. Palpus pale yellow, darker at the tip, each with three or four black spiny bristles. Scutellum dull brown- ish black with two bristles. Halteres dark brown; base of stem yellow, tip of knob black. Wing (fig. 69, c) with the costa ending decidedly short of the middle; fringe short; first section about four times as long as the second; thickening along the anterior costal edge narrow. Ovipositor (fig. 69, d) very slender, shiny black, as long as the preceding segment. Legs entirely yellow, slender; pos- terior femora with a brownish infuscation. Length, 1.25 to 1.5 mm. Type locality —Kisatchie National Forest, Provencal, La. Type and paratypes—vU, S. N. M. no. 52287. Remarks.—Twenty-three specimens, all from the type locality, taken in association with Atta tevana Buckley. One specimen is dated June 29, 1937, the remainder July 13, 1937. Dr. M. R. Smith is the collector. The following note on the habit of this species is quoted from a letter from Dr. Smith: “I saw probably 30 to 100 of the parasites fiying over the mound and parasitizing ants here and there. I did not have a hand lens, but with my naked eye I could see that the parasite was striking its 1 Malloch, J. R., The insects of the dipterous family Phoridae in the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, pp. 411-529, 7 pls., 1912. NEW FLIES OF FAMILY PHORIDAE—GREENE 183 FIGURE 69.—NEW PHORID FLIES a-d, Attamyia terana, new genus and species: a, Frons of female; 6, third joint of female antenna; c, wing of female; @, ovipositor. e-h, Apocephalus coecum, new species; e, Frons of female; f, third joint of female an- tenna; g, wing of female; h, ovipositor. 184. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 victim back of the head. Some of the ants tried to combat the parasite by standing at an angle approximately 90° with the ground and opening their mandibles in a threatening manner. The flies were very alert and wary and the ants unable to cope with them. Some of the ants that were struck by the fly stopped, bent their heads downward, and with their front legs attempted to wipe the back of their heads, others that were struck did not seem to be dis- turbed in the least. All ants attacked kept on working or running around and did not show any immediate ill effects. Apparently a single fly can oviposit a large number of consecutive times (not on the same ant). They hover over the ants and seek a propitious time to strike. The fire ant Solenopsis wyloni when struck by the phorid Apocephalus (Plastophora) coquilletti Malloch will fall over on its side or back, seemingly unable to coordinate leg movement, but this is not true of the fungus ant so far as I have observed.” Genus APOCEPHALUS Coquillett APOCEPHALUS COECUM, new species FIGURE 69, e-h Female.—Black, dull; frons (fig. 69, e) dull, nearly square, with three strong frontal bristles on each side; just above the middle of the front two large bristles, slightly anterior to and forming a trans- verse row with the middle bristles; ocellar bristles large and forming a straight transverse row with the upper bristles; postantennal bris- tles as large as the frontals, divergent and slightly reclinate. Antenna (fig. 69, f) yellow; third joint very large, somewhat elliptical, apical end more pointed, with a brownish caer arista a little longer than antenna, first joint ‘slightly longer than second, both tinged with yellow, ea joint black, with short pubescence. Palpus pale yellow, with three or four black spiny bristles near the tip. Thorax brownish on dorsum, pleura pale yellow; mesopleuron bare; scutel- lum darker, with two large bristles; halteres large, stems pale yel- low, knobs black. Legs pale yellow, hind femur with a brown infus- cation on both sides at the apex, all tarsi blackish. Abdomen with a broad pale area down the middle of the dorsum, nearly white on the first segment, luteous on segments 2 to 5; segments 2 to 5 broadly white along apical edges, broadly black on their sides; sixth segment (fig. 69, 2) black, with a very narrow white apical edge and ten large bristles on the posterior margin (the six in the middle the strongest) ; on the ventral side of the sixth segment a reddish-yellow projection, with large black bristles arranged as in figure 69, h; the apical or genital segment shiny black, with a slight tinge of yellow at the apex, about one and one-half times as long as broad (the length appearing NEW FLIES OF FAMILY PHORIDAE—GREENE 185 to vary somewhat, owing to the segment being partly retractile), at the tip two long, very stout spinelike bristles which are parallel from above and curved downward in profile (fig. 69, 2). Wing (fig. 69, 7) with the costa decidedly short of the middle, fringe long; first section about four times as long as the second; third section one half as long as second; first vein about one-half as thick as third ; thickening along anterior costal edge rather broad and extending almost to tip of fourth vein. Length, 2.25 to 2.5 mm. Type locality —Uvalde, Tex. Type and paratypes —U.S.N.M. no, 52288. Remarks.—Four specimens collected at the type locality on June 16, 1937, by A. W. Lindquist, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. A note stating that “the flies were flying over ants (Hciton coecum Latreille) in an insectary” accompanied the specimens. This species is most similar to Apocephalus spinicosta Malloch, from which it is immediately distinguishable by its darker color and more definite markings. U. 8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1938 WAC THA et PRES y _— - ef wired ine peta hy PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 85 Washington : 1938 No. 3038 A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF COTTOID FISHES FROM THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS By Lronarp P. Scuuurz Durine the summer of 1937, O. J. Murie and Victor B. Scheffer collected some fishes for the U. 8S. Biological Survey while on an expedition to the Aleutian Islands. While identifying these fishes for the Department of Agriculture, I found among them two new cottoids, which are described below. PHALLOCOTTUS, new genus Genotype.—Phallocottus obtusus, new species. The characters of the genus are those of the species. This new genus differs from all other cottoid genera in combining the absence of palatine teeth and the arched lateral line with smooth skin, short, bluntly rounded preopercular spine, gill membranes broadly united and forming a wide free fold across isthmus, anus in anterior third of the distance between insertion of pelvics and origin of anal fin, I, 3 pelvics, among other characters. It is most closely related to the Oligocottinae as defined by Hubbs, 1926,1 but differs from them in the lack of palatine teeth and the blunt and rounded preopercular spine. The genus Sigméstes, upon re-examination of one of the paratypes, shows in a clay impression three teeth at the head of each palatine bone. 1Hubbs, Carl L., A revision of the fishes of the subfamily Oligocottinae. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 171, pp. 1-18, 1926. 53988—38 187 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 PHALLOCOTTUS OBTUSUS, new species FIGURE 70 Holotype——A male specimen 61 mm long to base of rays of caudal fin, collected in a beach seine at Igitkin Island (Aleutian Islands), Alaska, August 9, 1937, by Victor B. Scheffer, original number V. B. S. 109, U.S.N.M. no. 105280. Five paratypes were collected along with the holotype, U.S.N.M. no, 105281. Description (based on the holotype and five paratypes).—The counts and measurements of the holotype are given outside the paren- theses and those for each paratype, respectively, are enclosed in the parentheses. All measurements are expressed in hundredths of the standard length. The last two soft rays of dorsal and anal fins, often branching from a common base, were counted as one ray. Dorsal fin rays XI, 24 (XI, 22; XII, 22; XI, 22; XII, 22; XI, 23) ; anal fin rays 24 (23, 22, 22, 22, 23); pectoral fin rays 15-15 in all specimens; principal caudal rays 1f (12, 12, 12, 12, 12); number of pores in the lateral line 48 (48, 48, 49, 48, 48); length from tip of snout to base of midcaudal fin rays 61 (53.3, 53, 50.5, 51.2, 47.4) mm; sex 6 (6, 2, 3, 3, 2)3 greatest depth of body 24.6 (23.6, 27.4, 21.0, 23.2, 28.2); length of head 26.8 (28.1, 29.2, 28.7, 26.4, 27.8) ; length of snout 8.2 (8.5, 8.1, 8.9, 8.2, 8.0) ; length of longest soft dorsal ray 12.3 (11.3, 11.3, 13.8, 12.1, 12.5) ; length of longest spinous dorsal ray 19.7 (19.7, 12.1, 18.2, 15.2, 11.4); length of longest anal fin ray 12.4 (12.4, 10.9, 11.1, 10.7, 9.1) ; length of longest pectoral fin ray 22.0 (24.4, 23.8, 24.6, 24.0, 26.0) ; length of longest caudal fin ray 16.7 (16.9, 17.0, 16.4, 17.8, 17.9) ; length of longest pelvic fin ray 14.5 (15.0, 9.4, 15.2, 14.6, 9.7) ; interorbital space 9.4 (9.4, 9.8, 9.9, 9.9, 9.7) ; length of maxillaries 11.1 (12.7, 12.1, 11.8, 11.7, 11.4); least depth of caudal peduncle 6.5 (6.6, 6.6, 6.3, 7.2, 7.0) ; length of caudal peduncle or the distance from the posterior edge of the base of the last anal fin ray to the base of the midcaudal fin rays 12.3 (14.1, 18.2, 12.7, 15.0, 13.3) ; diameter of eye 6.5 (6.8, 7.5, 7.5, 7.4, 7.2) ; distance from tip of snout to origin of anal fin 46.0 (47.0, 52.8, 46.4, 46.3, 47.6) ; distance from tip of snout to origin of spiny dorsal 28.0 (28.1, 26.4, 27.4, 25.4, 27.0) ; distance from tip of snout to insertion of pelvic fins 29.5 (30.0, 35.8, 30.1, 32.0, 35.2); distance from tip of snout to middle of vent or midbase of anal papillae 36.2 (34.1, 39.6, 34.3, 38.8, 38.2). Gill membranes broadly joined to each other, forming a broad free fold across the isthmus; preopercular spine at upper angle of the bone short, blunt, or rounded, not hooked upward as in Sigmistes; interorbital space wide, slightly convex; nasal spines concealed, not at all projecting; small sharp teeth present in bands on jaws and Si) vomer, none on palatines; body compressed, deep; skin smooth; lat- ° NEW COTTOID FISHES—SCHULTZ 189 eral line complete, arched over pectoral fin as in Stgmstes caulias; no slit behind last gill; anal papillae of male simple, long, conical, unbranched at tip; vent about one-fourth to one-third the distance from the insertion of the pelvic fins to the origin of the anal fin; pelvic fin rays I, 3; one bannerlike cirrus on tip of each dorsal spine except the first; a single unbranched cirrus at each pore of anterior portion of the arch of lateral line, the last cirrus being about under the origin of soft dorsal; a pair of simple dermal cirri over each concealed nasal spine; a large multibranched cirrus over each eye, and another pair of simple unbranched cirri occurs on the occiput about one-third of the distance from those over the eyes to the origin of the spiny dorsal fin; jaws about the same length; snout blunt; spinous dorsal of mature males much higher than on females. Figure 70.—Phallocottus obtusus, new genus and species: Holotype, U. S. N. M. no. 105280. Drawn by Jane Roller. Color in alcohol, pale yellowish below, darker above; body finely speckled with tiny black dots, more dense on upper portions of body; anal fin of male yellow-orange; spinous dorsal fin of male blackish anteriorly and brownish orange posteriorly; lower portion of pec- torals of male yellowish orange; fins otherwise light grayish; soft dorsal with four or five faint and very irregular cross bars; sev- eral ocelli or black spots surrounded by light areas occur on top of head and body as follows: One on top of head midway between eyes; one on midline of occiput; a pair on upper side of head a little in front of origin of soft dorsal, or just above the anterior end of the lateral line; and several faint irregular ones below the lateral line on side of body sometimes absent. Black spots occur as follows: One above upper edge of base of pectoral fin, and one at base of midrays of pectoral fin; another at base of fourth, fifth, or sixth soft dorsal rays; another series of small faint irregular spots occur along the lateral line; two of the paratypes have a row of roundish light areas 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM . YOu. 85 just below the lateral line, sometimes their centers are somewhat pigmented; caudal fin barred; anal fin plain whitish to grayish on females. This species differs from other cottids in combining the absence of palatine teeth, the arched lateral line, pelvics I, 3, with smooth skin, bluntly rounded preopercular spine, anus just behind pelvic insertion, dorsal rays XI or XII, 22 to 24; anal rays 22 to 24. Named in reference to the large conical anal papillae and the bluntly rounded preopercular spine. Genus SIGMISTES Rutter SIGMISTES SMITHI, new species Holotype.—A male specimen 37.5 mm long to base of rays of caudal fin, collected in a beach seine at Igitkin Island (Aleutian Islands), Alaska, August 9, 1937, by Victor B. Scheffer, original number V. B. 8S. 109, U.S.N.M. no. 105282. Two paratypes were collected along with the holotype, U.S.N.M. no. 105283. Description (based on the holotype and paratypes).—The counts and measurements of the holotype are given outside the parentheses and those for the two paratypes, respectively, are enclosed in the parentheses. All measurements are expressed in hundredths of the standard length. The last two soft rays of dorsal and anal fins, often branching from a common base, were counted as one ray. Dorsal fin rays X, 24 (X, 24, X, 24); anal fin rays 17 (19, 18); pectoral fin rays 14-14 in all specimens; principal caudal fin rays 12 (12, 12) ; number of pores in the lateral line 46 (46, 45) ; length from tip of snout to base of midcaudal fin rays 37.5 (31.5, 29.0) mm; sex 6 (3, 2); greatest depth of body 26.7 (28.5, 25.8) ; length of head 28.3 (30.4, 29.6); length of snout 8.3 (9.2, 7.9); length of longest soft dorsal fin ray 16.0 (15.5, 14.5); length of longest spinous dorsal ray 12.0 (12.7, 13.8); length of longest anal fin ray 11.2 (12.4, 12.1); length of longest pectoral fin ray 28.0 (28.6, 28.9) ; length of longest caudal fin ray 20.0 (23.8, 22.6); length of longest pelvic fin ray 13.3 (15.8, 12.8); interorbital space 6.7 (6.8, 6.9); length of maxillaries 12.0 (12.7, 11.0) ; least depth of caudal peduncle 6.7 (6.3, 6.2) ; length of caudal peduncle 16.0 (14.3, 14.5); diameter of eye 7.7 (8.3, 8.3); distance from tip of snout to origin of anal fin 51.1 (51.5, 48.3) ; dis- tance from tip of snout to origin of spinous dorsal fin 28.0 (28.6, 28.0) ; distance from tip of snout to insertion of pelvic fins 33.4 (35.0, 32.7) ; distance from tip of snout to middle of vent or midbase of the anal papillae 40.0 (42.6, 38.6). Gill membranes broadly joined to each other and forming a broad free fold across the isthmus; preopercular spine at upper angle of bone, simple, short, and hooked upward; interorbital space shallowly NEW COTTOID FISHES—SCHULTZ 191 concave; nasal spines prominent with a pair of tentacles on each spine; teeth present on vomer, none on the palatines or possibly one very weak tooth; body compressed, deep; skin smooth; lateral line complete, with about 45 or 46 pores, and arched over the pectoral fin; no slit behind last gill; anal papillae large, conical, without horns at tip; vent in anterior portion of middle third of distance from pelvic fins to the origin of the anal fin; pelvic fin rays I, 3; bannerlike cirri on tips of spinous dorsal rays; one unbranched cirrus at each pore of arch of lateral line, no cirri posteriorly; one pair of cirri on each nasal spine, the inner cirrus the largest; a pair of branched dermal cirri over the eyes; another pair, unbranched, on occiput, about half way from eye to origin of dorsal; a third pair about one-third the distance back between the second pair and origin of dorsal; no other cirri on head; nostrils tubular; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper jaw. Color in alcohol, pale yellowish, the body and head finely speckled with tiny black dots, denser above, lighter below; a faint blackish line extends from the last occipital tentacle forward and downward toward upper edge of pupil; in front of eye is a faint blackish band about as wide as one-half the diameter of the eye, with a light streak through the middle of the band and including the anterior nostril; this darkish band continues on to the tip of the snout; dorsal fin slightly darker grayish than body, more intense near tips of rays; there is a grayish spot about the size of the pupil at the base of the seventh, eighth, or ninth soft dorsal ray; one at the twelfth or four- teenth, and sometimes another at the sixteenth or nineteenth; a large grayish blotch occurs on the upper side of the caudal peduncle at the rear end of the dorsal fin; color plain without any trace of vertical bars on body or fins. Sigmistes smithi differs from the only other member of the genus, Sigmistes caulias Rutter,? in having X, 24 dorsal fin rays and 17 to 19 anal fin rays instead of LX, 19 to 21 dorsal rays and 14 or 15 anal rays, respectively, and a different color pattern. Named for Dr. Hugh M. Smith, in honor of his numerous valuable contributions in ichthyology made over a long period of years. 2 Rutter, C. M., in Jordan and Evermann, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 47, pt. 8, pp. 2863-2864, 1898. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1938 oy ae — ares - me - hath in” sealed H ee wai vita “f-" ‘ey me valsitels : Canes é % an he cute lab LORDS) nite: ptyaaty ema \ fee) i ae A Rein pa ene Laskey iat Gb Ms | ae ee Me a Be Hhayl tw lee onital toys ee sae ae: DO ote) si4n37 Mel PAiar), ty te! 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(ih ‘ue 8 LE ates i! 2) tuts CH a AY Sirti ane 4 , shetiat mutt} bap Liat chi tA ee mand j a Wl) ee fare 3, fog ; sek ath bere? tii Pils 7 ete n . haean ,, A ee tii tht " ; Tt Ingtg atts a ee Te Busuitin 4ey ht, iLO eat Vig al Tens wil, wagner: “UTM bata hie $A Wlatligcerys bu bow deal} le abe = aut Ease’ “ehrog think oy Seetiey Pv ears Aft ov hi sets ann Sole ait Preval nei SA fie a i ¥) Py what tae a oy . . echt ke eh iy idl ’ 4 ria gree LM, Aine. + : sey A ig Bore siid. Portas pe b ah ni rw ety We we) is of : b pI on oe) + Pehla rial cae ties WF 2 hg @ Ut iter Nps sya Seem: Gigs figs 7h oe betas Feiner euh ty ainda P lei 11, Me dgutt xT OW. ne ibe Te wie? Bil avis banat en gta k ak esl et ; oJ . ees Pt Se ie tg! ? onal " aboant it iu AY oP ” ~y Vs ; i t PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM pee, | Nene) =... INGTO ean SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 85 Washington : 1938 No. 3039 THE CUBAN OPERCULATE LAND SHELLS OF THE SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE By Carros pe LA Torre and Pau Bartscn INTRODUCTION In ati the world there is no place of equivalent area that has a ereater number of species and races of land shells than the Island of Cuba. It is a veritable paradise for the lover of mollusks, for we find not only a numerical preponderance but also beauty of outline and coloration rivaling the faunas of the Philippine and Hawaiian Islands. The interesting features presented by this fauna are not restricted in appeal to the systematic zoologists—taxonomists—for here the student of genetics and heredity also will find a veritable laboratory teeming with an endless number of problems inviting solution. In Pinar del Rio Province, in western Cuba, the Organ Mountains, because they are broken up into isolated blocks and by the even greater cutting up of the lateral folds to the north and south, now largely represented by the series of mogotes—hills—of varying size into which the teeth of time have cut them, show splendidly in their faunas the effects of isolation and inbreeding, resulting in an almost endless array of races, each confined to a limestone cliff, which may vary in size from a barn door to miles in extent. To such restricted habitats most of the members of the subfamily Chondropominae are more firmly wedded today than they would be if they occupied equally distant islands, from which they might be carried by currents or waves to neighboring shores, for grassy inter- vals present a greater barrier to these calciphil dwellers than would the open sea. As we see it, there are only two agencies at present that might serve as carriers from place to place, wind and birds, 66879—38 1 195 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 neither of which would seem to be effective in the transportation of members of the groups under discussion, which we believe are largely segregation products of a once continuous widely spread fauna. Western Cuba was subjected to many vicissitudes during Tertiary times and even during the yesterdays of the Pleistocene, for vacillating ocean levels from time to time changed this end of the island from a continuous land mass to an archipelago of islands, eliminating the lowland faunas and confining the survivors to the influence of their restricted island habitats. All of which presents a fascinating his- tory that our studies are slowly revealing. We shall have occasion to call attention to some of these problems under the diverse groups here presented and discussed. These Cuban mollusks have received the attention of many of the naturalists who have visited the “Pearl of the Antilles,” or discussed its faunas from the days of Humboldt and Bonpland to date. Their listing displays such names as Sagra, d’Orbigny, Pfeiffer, Gundlach, Otto, Wright, Poey, Gould, Arango, Morelet, Sagebien, Henderson, Simpson, Clapp, Pilsbry, Barbour, Miner, Welch, Lowe, Allen, Clench, Rehder, Hermano Leon, Father Roca, and de la Torre and his students, among them especially Rodriguez, Aguayo, Ramsden, Bermudez, Por- tuondo, Moreno, and Jaume. To these should also be added a host of de la Torre’s friends, too numerous to mention, who have lent a hand in this enterprise, as well as many field men commissioned from time to time by him to explore specific regions in need of investigation. Looking over the field as a whole we may say that the major discover- ies in our field fall to the credit of de la Torre, Gundlach, Pfeiffer, Sagra, Poey, Henderson, and Bartsch, the efforts of Torre, Henderson, and Bartsch being directed toward the specific exploration and eluci- dation of the island fauna. The present paper is a resumption of the studies by Henderson and Bartsch published in 1920, “A Classification of the American Opercu- late Land Mollusks of the Family Annulariidae.”? Mr. Henderson’s untimely death interrupted this effort, which is now resumed by his devoted friends. Subfamily CHONDROPOMINAE Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondropominae HENDERSON and BarrscH, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 59. Annularid mollusks whose shell ranges in form from turbinate to elongate-conic. The axial sculpture may consist of strong ribs or range from these to slender, almost lamellar riblets, or it may be re- 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, pp. 49-82, 1920. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 195 duced to incremental lines. There is also a wide range of strength in the development of the spiral sculpture, which may be confined to the umbilicus or may cover the entire shell. Breathing devices are present in some groups and absent in others. The chief character of the sub- family, however, is found in the operculum, which consists of a thin, simple chondroid basal plate of several whorls, the outer edge of which may be faintly upturned to form a very fragile, low, slender lamella, suggesting the starting point of the subfamily Adamsiellinae. This is, however, usually soon brushed away, leaving the operculum as a plain plate. The operculum has a deposit of fine calcareous granules which may be very slight or fairly strong, depending upon the species in question. Type genus.—Chondropoma Pfeiffer. ARTIFICIAL KEY TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE Breathing device absent. hehe LInMaAe: 222). Sane See eo eee Chondropometes (p. 196) Shell not turbinate. Clb ETCURd a asa Se eee ake ae ae Turripoma (p. 251) Shell not turreted. Shell@elonpate-conic= 22. (222-2) 222 228 See | Hendersonida (p. 234) Shell not elongate-conic. Shell very broadly: ovates 22 ees se. Ses Orientipoma (p. 390) Shell not very broadly ovate. Shell ovate. Junctions of axial ribs and spiral threads forming short cusps. Axial ribs gathered into tufts at the summit. Scobinapoma (p. 237) Axial ribs not gathered into tufts at the summit. Outer peristome broadly expanded_ Chondropomartes (p. 383) Outer peristome not broadly ex- awd COME 2” 5 RP eh eel ee Chondropomisca (p. 375) Junctions of axiai ribs and spiral threads not forming short cusps. Axial ribs gathered into tufts at the summit. Axial ribs threadlike; sculpture re- ticulated=.» #2. Se. Se ae Chondropomorus (p. 363) Axial ribs sublamellar; sculpture vertebrateds/ 27 -S_ ete Chondropomodes (p. 361) Axia] ribs not gathered into tufts at the SUMAN Gee epee i ee ee es Chondropoma (p. 322) Breathing device present. Breathing device a slit in the parietal wall_______ Chondrothyrium (p. 395) Breathing device not a slit but a puncture. Shellbturoimate: 2-2 ee a = Sane ee ee Chondrothyroma (p. 212) Shell not turbinate. Shell turreted. Umbilicus open. phell:brightly coloreds-=_ 1-2 3-= = see ees Hendersonina (p. 233) Shell not prightly colored a2 eee Se Turrithyra (p. 240) Usnblicus closed] 322 = 82 ee ee eee Turrithyretes (p. 240) 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 Breathing device present—Continued. Breathing device not a slit but a puncture—Continued. Shell not turbinate—Continued. Shell not turreted. Shell ovate. Umbilicus open. iast-whorl/solttes 2- 3s s 5 vite eS ree eT Hendersonoma (p. 252) Last whorl not solute. Inner lip of outer peristome with a plication. Plicathyra (p. 263) Inner lip of outer peristome without a PHC AGO Tees ee gles a ate ere eee Chondrothyra (p. 252) Umbilicus closed. Inner lip of outer peristome cut_______ Chondrothyretes (p. 269) Inner lip of outer peristome not cut but with Ree Mili S42 tel | AE lod, ee ee Foveothyra (p. 265) Shell not ovate. Shell subglobose. Wimbilieustopens. =< << =a Oe Plicathyrella (p. 306) Wmibilicus ¢losedes= os. - 2. 2a a ee Chondrothyrella (p. 306) Genus CHONDROPOMETES Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chendropometes HENDERSON and BartscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 60. Shell of turbinate form, openly umbilicated, marked by axial and spiral threads. Lip simple or double. Breathing pore present or absent. Operculum subcircular, multispiral with the inner part of the whorls covered with a heavy calcareous calluslike deposit. Type: Chondropometes (Chondropometes) vignalense (Wright) Pfeiffer. In 1920 * Henderson and Bartsch created the subgenus Chondropo- metes, making it a subdivision of Chondropoma. They likewise founded the subgenus Chondrothyroma, placing this under their genus Chondrothyra, The finding of specimens of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) scopulorum perpleaum and C. (C.) magnum magnum without breathing pore, leads us to make the following re- alignment, which we believe to be phylogenetically and zoogeographi- cally more sound. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS CHONDROPOMETES Breathing pore presents! 3 2) Se eee Chondrothyroma (p. 212) Breathing, pore; avSent sss a ee een eee eee Chondropometes (p. 196) Subgenus CHONDROPOMETES Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondropometes HENDERSON and BartscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 60. Chondropometes without breathing pore. Type: Chondropometes (Chondropometes) vignalense (Wright) Pfeiffer. 2 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 63, 1920. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 197 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROPOMETES Peristome broadly vexpand cds 2=_ = 2s 2 se ee oe --- latilabre Peristome not broadly expanded. Peristome only moderately expanded=- 422 torrei Peristome not moderately expanded. Peristome only very slightly expanded+_-__--____2-______- vignalense CHCNDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) LATILABRE (Orbigny) PrLate 8, Fia. 1 1845. Cyclostoma latilabris OrpiaNy, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’ ile de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 255-256, pl. 21, fig. 12. Shell turbinate, flesh-colored, pale horn colored, pale brown, or sometimes rather dark purplish brown; in the dark phase the color becomes intensified on the Jast whorl behind the peristome. Nuclear whorls 2, forming a somewhat truncated apex, the early portions minutely microscopically granulose, the last portion of the last turn with indications of closely approximated feeble axial threads. Post- nuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by slender sublamellar, decidedly retractively curved axial riblets; those on the last whorl being a little more distantly spaced than the rest. In addition to this, the early whorls show slender spiral threads, which become enfeebled on the later turns but are present even on the last portion of the last turn. The junction of these spiral threads with the axial riblets renders these somewhat sinuous and somewhat thickened at their junction. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base strongly inflated, well rounded, openly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and rather feeble spiral threads. This stronger spiral sculpture extends to the outer limit of the umbilicus. The last whorl is solute for about one-fifteenth of a turn. Aperture somewhat irregularly broadly ovate; peristome double, the inner slightly expanded and thickened, the outer very broadly expanded and reflected, not all in one plane, but somewhat wavy. The expanded portion is almost of the same width all the way around. It is adnate to the preceding turn on the parietal wall, while the reflected portion projects over a little more than half the umbilicus on the columellar border. The peristome is yellowish white, while the inside of the aperture is pale brown. Operculum paucispiral with subcentral nucleus, covered with a thin granular deposit excepting a broad border at the edge. The specimens described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 354923, are part of a lot of 62 that we collected on the Tomas Barrera Expedition in 1914, when we found this species to extend from San Juan de Sagua at the western end of Pan de Guajaibon to the middle of its northern slope. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI Bartsch Shell rather large, turbinate, thin, semitranslucent, openly umbili- cate, varying in color from pale buff through yellow to orange-buff to brown, unicolor or with a dark vertical band behind the peristome, with or without spiral bands. Peristome expanded and _ reflected, about half as wide as that of C. (C.) latilabre (d’Orbigny). Nuclear whorls about 2, in perfect conformity in their coiling with the post- nuclear turns. The first is thin, translucent, appearing finely granu- lose under high magnification; the last marked by feeble, somewhat retractively slanting, closely spaced, incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls inflated, well rounded, marked by very regular, retractively slanting, sublamel’ar axial riblets, which are a little less wide than the spaces that separate them. In addition to these, there are narrow varicial streaks at more or less regular intervals. These may be lighter or darker than the general tone of the shell. They are the result of the approximation of two or more axial riblets. The spiral sculpture consists of quite regularly spaced threads which are sepa- rated by spaces a little wider than the threads. These threads at their junction with the axial ribs render these slightly wavy, and under high magnification give a somewhat serrated aspect to them. The spiral sculpture is very variable in strength, ranging from obsolete to quite pronounced. Suture well impressed; periphery inflated, well rounded. Base inflated, well rounded, marked like the spire. Axial riblets extend over the wall of the umbilicus, becoming usually a little stronger within. The spiral sculpture within the umbilicus consists of much stronger threads than those on the spire. The last whorl in adult shells is solute for some little distance. The outside of the parietal wall here shows the continuation of the axial riblets. Aper- ture subcircular, shghtly angulated at the posterior angle. Oper- culum thin, multispiral, horny, with a fine, granulose, calluslike deposit, which is heaviest on the inner margin and thins out out- wardly, vanishing a little beyond the middle of the turn. This deposit is laid down in more or less of a corrugated pattern. The animal of (. (C.) torrei minaense has the sides smoky gray. The top of the forehead and back are darker; the tips of the snout are pale buff and the tentacles bright orange, slightly paler at the slightly expanded tip, sole of the foot pale smoky gray. Sole of foot medially longitudinally cleft; locomotion of the two sides alternate. When at rest the animal suspends itself by a mucous thread. That of C’. (@.) t. collumelare has the dorsal part of the animal smoky gray; sides paler. Sole of foot flesh-color, with a smoky suffusion. Tenta- cles orange-red, with the expanded distal portion dark smoke gray. Snout smoke gray, with the tip flesh-colored with a smoky suffusion. mpi CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 199 This species is known from the Sierra San Andrés, the Sierr Guacamayas, and the Sierra Galal6én, also from certain mogotes south and west of these limestone blocks. All the members are cave or cay- ity dwellers and very restricted in their distribution for that reason. They are nocturnal in their habits and suspend themselves in the day- time by a mucous thread from the roof of the cavity that they occupy. In these isolated places characters peculiar to each have been devel- oped, and to these we are assigning subspecific rank. Sixteen of these subspecies are known at present. The several outstanding character- istics of each are taken cognizance of in the following key and the brief descriptions that follow. The descriptions are listed in west- eastward geographic order. Ficurp 71.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondropometes) torrei: (1) minaense; (2) rinconadense; (3) jaguaense; (4) antoniense; (5) antonitense; (6) torrei; (7) cingulatum; (8) iosaturatum ; (9) collumelare ; (10) luteilabre; (11) flam- milabre; (12) affine; (13) gratiosum; (14) flavidum; (15) pallidulum,; (16) alveare. Here also it should be stated that while we usually refer only to the type, the conclusions expressed in our statements are not based on this specimen only but are usually founded on a considerable series of individuals in the collection of the United States National Museum and that of Dr. Carlos de la Torre. Distribution of the subspecies of (. (@.) torrez is shown in figure 71. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI Peristome red. Shell without spiral color bands_-----~~-~-~-~ pit ih 2ihope Fe eee torrei Shell with interrupted spiral color bands. Interrupted spiral bands rather strong__.__-___-—---~_~-.. antonitense Interrupted spiral bands rather feeble_____---__---_-_---- filammilabre 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 Peristome yellow or flesh-color, Shell with spiral bands. Spiral bands conspicuous. Dark axial zone behind peristome very decided. Peristome orange___---__- WEEE eee cingulatum Peristome -flesh-colonis 222chcit segs) 2 yee Beem ty Per ay ee affine Dark axial zone behind peristome not decided. Peristome™ yellow =-— 2-5 ce wo se flavidum Peristome flesh: colori 22. = ss ae eee pallidulum Spiral bands not conspicuous. Greater diameter more than 20 mm. General color clouded, pale. Spiral banding confined to periphery__--__-_____~- alveare Spiral banding not confined to periphery__-_--- luteilabre General color not clouded, dark. Greater diameter more than 23 mm. Penultimate whorl dark brown______-~~ iosaturatum Penultimate whorl pale brown_-_---___-- jaguaense Greater diameter less than 22 mm. Spiral markings on early postnuclear whorls, conspicuous=_ 2-4 <2. 22 ee ee minaense Spiral markings on early postnuclear WHOLIS) ANCOnSPICUOUS == == 2 eee collumelare Greater diameter’ less than 16-mm_——__-__________= gratiosum Shell without spiral bands. Diameter: more, than! 24 mm 9. 228 2227 ees antoniense Diameter Jess; titan: 22 mm ls ses es Se ee eee rinconadense CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI TORREI Bartsch PLATE 9, FIGURE 8 1937. Chondropometes (Chondropometes) torrei BarrscH, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol..27,- pp. 180-131,,. fig. 2. This is the most brilliantly colored of the subspecies. It is char- acterized by its orange-buff color, with darker orange varicial streaks and flame-colored peristome. It comes from Abra de Bejarano, Mogote Canalete, south of the Sierra San Andrés. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428794, is a complete specimen having 6 whorls, and measures: Length, 23.0 mm; greater diameter, 22.3 mm; lesser diameter, 15.9 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI ANTONITENSE, new subspecies PLATE 8, FIGURE 9 Shell small, pale iodine brown, with flame-colored peristome, con- spicuously banded with continuous brown bands of deeper shade than the general tone of the shell. This small race comes from Hoyo Corto de San Antonio. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428798, has 4.9 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 19.7 mm; greater diameter, 18.4 mm; lesser diameter, 13.8 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 201 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI FLAMMILABRE, new subspecies PLATE 8, FIGURE 6 Shell of medium size, dark iodine brown, with slightly paler vari- cial streaks and spiral bands, which are of a slightly deeper shade than the general coloration but quite inconspicuous. The peristome is flame-color. The specimens before us were collected at Pico Grande, Sierra de San Andrés. It extends west to Zumbido, in the same range. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428796, has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 21.5 mm; greater diameter, 19.9 mm; lesser diam- eter, 15.8 mm. This subspecies suggests C. (C.) torrei tosaturatum, from which it can be distinguished at once by its brilliantly colored peristome. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI CINGULATUM, new subspecies PLATE 9, FIGURE 4 In this race the shell is of flesh-colored ground coloring, conspicu- ously marked by broad spiral bands of brown. There is also a very broad dark purplish-brown area immediately behind the peristome. The latter is buff. The type comes from the Ensenada de la Ayua, but the race extends east from there to the Ensenada Zumbido, in the Sierra de San Andrés. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428793, has almost 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 22.4 mm; greater diameter, 28.8 mm; lesser diam- eter, 14.7 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI AFFINE, new subspecies PLATE 10, Figure 1 Shell similar to (. (@.) torre cingulatum but smaller and paler, having the axial dark zone behind the peristome even more strongly expressed and the peristome flesh-color, not yellow. This race was collected by Natenson on the second mogote south of the west end of the Sierra Guacamayas. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468920, is an almost complete specimen, having lost about half of the first turn; the 4.9 whorls remaining measure: Length, 21.5 mm; greater diameter, 19.0 mm; lesser diam- eter, 15.1 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI FLAVIDUM, new subspecies PLATE 9, FIGURE 6 Shell similar to @. (@.) torrei affine but with the dark axial zone behind the peristome very faintly expressed and the peristome yellow. 902 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voOL. 85 This race was collected by Natenson on the mogote between the southeast end of the Sierra Guacamayas and Mogote Largo, to the south of this. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468922, is an almost complete specimen, having lost probably the first half turn. The 5.1 whorls remaining measure: Length, 22.0 mm; greater diameter, 20.2 mm; lesser diam- eter, 15.5 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI PALLIDULUM, new subspecies PLATE 9, FIGcuRE 1 Shell similar to C. (@.) torrei flavidum but with less yellow in the general coloration and with the peristome flesh-color. The dark axial zone behind the peristome is poorly expressed. This race was collected by Natenson on Mogote Largo, which is the second mogote southwest of Pico Chico in the Sierra Guaca- mayas. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468924, is a complete specimen, having 6.0 whorls and measuring: Length, 23.1 mm; greater diameter, 20.8 mm; lesser diameter, 15.5 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI ALVEARE, new subspecies PLATE 10, FIGURE 2 This subspecies closely resembles C. (C.) torrei luteilabre but is paler than that race and has the spiral banding practically always confined to the peripheral region, where it usually constitutes an inconspicuous interrupted spiral band. Occasionally there is a mere indication of additional bands, but the shell never bears as many bands as in @. (C.) torrei luteilabre. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468756, comes from Mogote Colmena de Piedra, which is the southwestern part of the Sierra Galal6én. This is a complete specimen having 6.0 whorls and measuring: Length, 23.2 mm; greater diameter, 21.8 mm; lesser diameter, 15.8 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI LUTEILABRE, new subspecies PLATE 10, FIGURE 6 Shell small, very pale yellow with a broad axial area of dark iodine purple a little distance behind the peristome. The shell also has pale bands of brown, which extend upon the peristome, which is pale yellow. This subspecies comes from the Puerto del San Andrés, that jis, the extreme eastern end of the Sierra. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 203 *= The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428797, has 3.8 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 18.9 mm; greater diameter, 19.1 mm; lesser diameter, 15.4 mm. CHCNDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI IOSATURATUM, new subspecies PLATE 10, FicurRE 8 Shell rather large, iodine brown, more intense immediately behind the peristome, which is yellow. Inconspicuous bands of darker brown are also present, which are strongly marked on the inner half of the back of the expanded peristome. The specimens before us were collected at Sitio de la Sierra de San Andrés by Father Roca and Bermudez. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 867735, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 24.9 mm; greater diameter, 23.5 mm; lesser diameter, 17.2 mm. The large size and paler peristome distinguish this from @. (C.) torrei flammilabre, CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI JAGUAENSE, new subspecies PLATE 9, FIGURE 5 Very similar to @. (C.) torrei luteilabre but larger and with much finer and more closely spaced axial sculpture. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468720, comes from La Jagua, Consolacién del Norte. It has 3.7 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 22.3 mm; greater diameter, 23.4 mm; lesser diameter, 15.3 mm, CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI MINAENSE, new subspecies PLATE 9, FIGURE 7 This subspecies ranges from pale brown to pale iodine color, with the peristome always pale yellow. In the darker forms the area be- hind the peristome is of deeper coloration than the rest. The nuclear whorls are pale and the early postnuclear whorls dark, while the penultimate whorl is paler and the last turn behind the aperture again matches the early postnuclear whorls. Inconspicuous spiral bands are present. This race comes from Mogote Mina. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 354917, is a complete specimen, having 6 whorls and measuring: Length, 23.3 mm; greater diameter, 20.6 mm; lesser diameter, 16.0 mm. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 > CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI COLLUMELARE, new subspecies PLATE 9, FIGURE 3 This shell resembles C. (@.) torrei minaense but is more strongly spirally banded, the bands usually also being broader, sometimes being very wide. It differs from this markedly by its much smaller size. From (. (C.) torred iosaturatum it is readily distinguished also by its smaller size and much stronger banding. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468833, was collected by Collmillo de la Vieja on the northeast side of the Sierra Guacamayas. It is an al- most complete specimen having 5.0 whorls remaining and measuring: Length, 21.1 mm; greater diameter, 19.3 mm; lesser diameter, 14.8 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI GRATIOSUM, new subspecies PLATE 8, Figure 3 This race in coloring resembles (. (C.) torrei lutetlabre, from which its diminutive size at once distinguishes it. It is the smallest known subspecies of C. (@.) torre. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468719, is a complete specimen having 5.4 whorls and measuring: Length, 16.0 mm; greater diameter, 15.0 mm; lesser diameter, 11.5 mm. It comes from Pinalito in the southwestern part of the Sierra de Galaldén. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI ANTONIENSE, new subspecies PLATE 10, FIGURE 7 Shell large, very pale yellow, with the parietal wall of the um- bilicus buff, which is also the color of the peristome at this place. This large subspecies comes from Mogote de la Jagua. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 354919, has 3.7 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 24.3 mm; greater diameter, 24.7 mm; lesser diameter, 17.8 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI RINCONADENSE, new subspecies PLATE 9, FIGURE 2 This race, which comes from the small mogote known as Rinconada, close by Mogote de la Mina, is pale yellow with almost white lip. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468846, a complete specimen, has 5.6 whorls and measures: Length, 22.5 mm; greater diameter, 20.3 mm; lesser diameter, 15.4 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 205 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE (Wright) Pfeiffer Shell rather large, turbinate, thin, semitranslucent, openly umbili- cated, varying in color from plain ground-glass white through horn- color to brown or even purplish, unicolor or marked with interrupted spiral bands. Nuclear whorls 2 or more, strongly rounded, forming a somewhat truncated apex, the first half strongly granulose, the next turn minutely granulose, while the last half of the last turn shows faint indications of the beginnings of the axial threads, which become stronger as the shell increases in size and eventually merge into the postnuclear axial sculpture. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded with the summit roundly shouldered, marked by retractively curved, closely spaced, sublamellar axial riblets, which are rendered wavy by the weakly developed spiral cords. At ir- regular intervals the axial riblets are more closely approximated than the succeeding or preceding ones, which lends the whorls a somewhat scalariform pattern. Suture strongly constricted. Pe- riphery of the last whorl strongly rounded; base inflated, strongly rounded, openly broadly umbilicated, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs and spiral threads, the latter becoming usually more intensified on the umbilical wall within the umbilicus. The last whorl in adult shells is usually solute for some little distance; the outside of the parietal wall being there marked by the continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture varying from very broadly oval to sub- circular with a slight angulation at the posterior angle. The peristome is very narrowly expanded and reflected. The operculum is thin, multispiral, horny with a fine granulose, calluslike deposit which is heaviest on the inner margin and thins out, vanishing about the middle or a little beyond the middle of the whorls. This deposit is present in more or less wavy or threadlike depositions and lends to the outer surface of the operculum a slightly corrugated pattern. The animal of Chondropometes (Chondropometes) vignalense is rather short and has the sole of the foot divided by a median longi- tudinal cleft, the locomotion being effected alternately by the two sides. The tentacles are slightly expanded laterally near the tip. In @. (C.) vignalense vignalense the body is pale smoky gray on the sides. Forehead and top of the body darker. Sole of the foot flesh-color, with smoky suffusion, which is also the color of the snout. Tentacles smoky gray at base, gradually changing to yellowish-olive toward the tip. This is also the color of @. (@.) vignalense clappi. The animal of @. (@.) vignalense puertecitense may be described as follows: Flesh-color, with a smoky-gray tinge. Tip of the head, snout, and basal half of the tentacles bluish smoky gray, the snout portion having a brownish flush. The tip of the tentacles is olive- 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 green, a little darker at the expanded distal portion. The edge of the snout is flesh-color. Sole of the foot flesh-color. The internal anatomy behind and between the tentacles appears pinkish and shines through the substance of the tissue. Of the animal of (@. (C.) vignalense fogonense we have taken the following notes: Flesh-color, with a smoky suffusion; base of teu- tacles, forehead, and snout ashy gray. The distal portion of the tentacles is pale orange in color, not expanded at the tip; edge of snout paler than the region behind it. When resting the animal suspends itself by a mucous thread. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (C.) vignalense is shown in figure 72. 18 SrChorrera Ss 6 Gmnyceren @ 13 vertecitas Des Hermanos FiGurRp 72.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondropometes) vigna- lense: (1) azucarense; (2) azucarellum; (3) celadense; (4) lucifer; (5) martillense ; (6) infernale; (7) poenitentis; (8) bruneocinctum; (9) venerabile; (10) ignicolor; (11) piadae; (12) palmaritense; (13) caponense; (14) puertecitense; (15) vignalense; (16) jarucense; (17) clappi; (18) fogonense. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE Shell uniformly ground-glass white. Greater diameter more; than;20;mm2 4s a ee eee eee clappi Greater: diameter, less (hantlS mim 322 os) saree eee vignalense Shell not uniformly ground-glass white. Shell ground-glass white but with a broad pale straw-colored axial band a little distance behind the peristome____________ venerabile Shell not as above. Shell pale straw-color. Dark axial band behind aperture absent_______-____ puertecitense Axial ribs distantly spaced. AXA TDS CLOSelyeSpaCeG = ee eee azucarellum CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 207 Dark axial band behind aperture present. Dark axial band behind the aperture strong__---~~ fogonense Dark axial band behind the aperture faint. Axial sculpture decidedly lamellose___-______-_ caponense Axial sculpture not decidedly lamellose. Axial ribs very closely spaced______--___— martillense Axial ribs not very closely spaced_---__--__ celadense Axial sculpture on spire obsolete_____----__-______ lucifer Shell not pale straw-color. Shell pale brown. Shell not spirally banded. IRERISTOMEs wilt Cee ee ee gee en a ee piadae Reristomes Duties es = Se ee eee azucarense PenisStomecled j= eee = ee Se ae ignicolor Shell spirally banded. Spiral bands very conspicuous. Greater diameter 23.6 mm____ .-__--__ bruneocinctum Greater diameter 20 mm___________-_____ poenitentis Spiral bands not very conspicuous. Spiral bands almost continuous__--~------_ infernale Spiral bands discontinuous. Axial sculpture sharply lamellose___ palmaritense Axial sculpture less sharply lamellose__ jarucense CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE CLAPPI, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGguRE 11 This delicate, thin-shelled, translucent, ground-glass white race comes from the north end of the Sierra de la Chorrera. We gathered more than 100 specimens about the cave from which a small stream issues. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428786, is a complete specimen having 6 whorls and measuring: Length, 22.4 mm; greater diameter, 22.0 mm; lesser diameter, 16.0 mm. It is named for Dr. George Clapp, who was a member of the Tomas Barrera Expedition when we obtained most of our specimens. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDRGPOMETES) VIGNALENSE VIGNALENSE (Wright) Pfeiffer PLATE 7, FIGURE 8 1863. Chondropoma vignalense (WRIGHT) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 10, p. 189. Wright, in his travels through western Cuba, was the first to make known this species, and he distributed his material under the general label “Vinales.” We know from various other species collected by Wright that he gathered material about the southeast end of the Sierra de la Chorrera, and recent collecting here has produced material that is In every way comparable with the specimens in our collection re- ceived from Wright. It seems proper, therefore, that the race occu- 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 pying this end of this limestone block should be considered the type locality of the typical race. The shells of this race resemble closely C. (C.) vignalense clappi in delicacy and color, but they are much smaller. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 468679, comes from the south- eastern end of the Sierra Chorrera. It is a complete individual, hav- ing 5.8 whorls and measuring: Length, 18.2 mm; greater diameter, 17.8 mm; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm. CHCNDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE VENERABILE, new subspecies PuateE 8, FIGURE 11 This was collected in the Hoyo de los Santos of El Queque. It is of ground-glass white color, with a straw-colored axial band a little be- hind the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428788, has 3.3 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 21.2 mm; greater diameter, 22.5 mm; lesser diameter, 15.6 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE PUERTECITENSE, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 9 Shell very similar to C. (@.) vignalense vignalense but pale yellow. This subspecies comes from Mogote Puertecitas off the southeast end of the Chorrera. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468680, is a complete specimen having 5.5 whorls and measures: Length, 17.7 mm; greater diameter, 17.2 mm; lesser diameter, 12.7 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE AZUCARELLUM, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 6 Shell small, pale yellow, resembling C. (C.) vignalense puerteci- tense in size and coloration but having the axial riblets much more numerous and much more closely spaced. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 429046, was collected by G. Homer on Mogote Pan de Azucar. It has 2.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.6 mm; greater diameter, 18.5 mm; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE FOGONENSE, new subspecies PLATE 8, FIGURE 4 This subspecies comes from Fogon de los Negros in the north- eastern part of de la Chorrera. It is a small race resembling @. (C.) CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 209 vignalense puertecitense, but it can at once be distinguished from this by its having a broad dark smoke-colored axial zone a little behind the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468682, has 4.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 18.7 mm; lesser diameter, 14.0 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE CAPONENSE, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 4 Shell very pale buff, with a pale brown axial band a little behind the peristome, which is pale buff. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428792, which comes from Mogote Capon, has 8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.5 mm; greater diameter, 18.9 mm; lesser diameter, 13.7 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE MARTILLENSE, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGureE 5 This subspecies comes from the Cueva del Martillo, which is situ- ated in the ridge that connects the Sierra de Chichones with the Sierra de los Celadas and Sierra del Infierno at their junction; it is called Martillo. It is a little darker in color than C. (C.) vignalense celadense and has the axial ribs much more closely spaced. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468684, is a complete specimen having 5.5 whorls and measuring: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 17.0 mm; lesser diameter 13.0 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE CELADENSE, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 7 This comes from the Sierra Celadas. The shell is pale straw-co!- ored, but there is an intensification of the color a little behind the peri- stome, which gives the shell at this place a faintly vertically banded aspect. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 428799, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.8 mm; greater diameter, 18.6 mm; lesser diameter, 14.2 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE LUCIFER, new subspecies PLATE 8, FIGURE 2 This subspecies was also collected by Father Roca; likewise by Aguayo and Bermudez at a much higher altitude than C. (C.) vig- nalense infernale, in the Sierra del Infierno. It is at once distin- guished from that subspecies by its much paler color and absence of 66879—38——2 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 spiral banding. It also has a pale buff axial band a little behind the aperture. The axial and spiral sculpture are both much reduced. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 367734, has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 21.4 mm; greater diameter, 24.0 mm; lesser diam- eter, 14.6 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE PIADAE, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 2 Shell pale brown except the peristome, which is white. There is a slight intensification of the brown color as a pale axial band a little behind the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367730, comes from El Ancon of the Sierra Vinales. It has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 21.3 mm; greater diameter, 22.8 mm; lesser diameter, 17.2 mm. A considerable series of specimens from the east side of the Sierra Vinales agree splendidly with the type. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE AZUCARENSE, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 1 This comes from Pan de Azucar. Its color is very pale brown with the peristome buff. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 354916, we collected on the Tomas Barrera Expedition in 1914 at the base of Pan de Azucar. It has 3.7 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.3 mm; greater diameter, 22.1 mm; lesser diameter, 15.8 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE IGNICOLOR, new subspecies PLATE 8, F1cure 10 This subspecies is strikingly colored, its general color being pale orange, while the peristome is reddish orange, almost flame-color. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428787, was collected in Hoyo Magdalena in the Costanera de San Vicente, Vinales. It has 3.5 whorls remain- ing and measures: Length, 22.5 mm; greater diameter, 23.0 mm; lesser diameter, 16.0 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE BRUNEOCINCTUM, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 10 This subspecies also comes from Sierra Tumbadero, which has been more recently called El Queque, but from another locality than that occupied by C. (C.) vignalense venerabile. It ranges from pale brown to darker brown and is marked with slender, somewhat interrupted, CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 21] spiral bands of darker brown, which are intensified in definite axial regions to form almost a varicial element. There is also a darker zone of brown a little behind the peristome, the latter being yellowish white. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428789, is a perfect specimen having 6.2 whorls and measuring: Length, 23.7 mm; greater diameter, 23.6 min ; lesser diameter, 17.0 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE POENITENTIS, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURE 3 This subspecies resembles C. (C.) vignalense, bruneocinctum but is considerably smaller and usually has a decidedly purplish tinge. It appears to range from the mogotes Dos Hermanos to Cuajani to La Penitencia. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468701, was collected at the Cafetal de la Penitencia. The type is a complete specimen, having 6.0 whorls and measuring: Length, 20.0 mm; greater diameter, 20.0 mm; lesser diameter, 15.9 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE INFERNALE, new subspecies PLATE 8, FrGuRE 7 This exceedingly delicate shell is semitranslucent, of pale brown color, and marked by slender spiral bands, which are almost continu- ous on the last whorl. The peristome is pale orange. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367731, was collected by Father Roca at Sitio del Infierno, southwest of Vinales. It has a little more than 3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 21.0 mm; greater diameter, 21.9 mm; lesser diameter, 15.3 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE PALMARITENSE, new subspecies PLATE 8, FIGURE 5 Shell pale brown with a decidedly darker axial zone a little behind the peristome, which is white. It is obscurely interruptedly spirally banded. These markings, however, have to be looked for or they will be overlooked on account of their faintness. This subspecies, while resembling C. (C.) vignalense bruneocine- tum, is readily distinguished from that by its decidedly smaller size and fainter spiral markings. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428791, was collected by Bartsch on Mogote Palmarito. It has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.8 mm; greater diameter, 19.2 mm; lesser diameter, 14.0 mm. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 85 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE JARUCENSE, new Subspecies PLATE 8, FIGURE 8 Shell small, pale brown, with rather distant, inconspicuous, inter- rupted, pale brown spiral bands. There is also an axial brown zone a little distance behind the yellowish-white peristome, which extends over the parietal wall of the umbilicus. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367732, was collected by Father Roca in the Hoyo de Jaruco, a sink located on the high parts of the east side of the Chorrera, It has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.4 mm; greater diameter, 18.1 mm; lesser diameter, 14.0 mm. Subgenus CHONDROTHYROMA Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondrothyroma HENDERSON and BarrscH, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 63. Shell turbinate, openly umbilicate, and marked by axial ribs only, except on the umbilical wall, which shows spiral threads of varying strength in the different races. Breathing pore present on the parietal wall behind the peristome near the posterior angle of the aperture, except in Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) scopulorum per- pleaum, and C (C.) magnum magnum in which the pore is some- times absent. Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded and reflected, marked by concentric lines of growth which sometimes suggest lamellae, fluted or smooth. The operculum is multispiral, the whorls having a heavy callus deposit on the inner two-thirds, which is somewhat fluted. This also varies in color in the different races from white to red, Type: Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) sagebieni (Poey). This subgenus ranges from Mendoza on the west eastward through the Luis Lazo region along the south side of the Organ Mountains, and the mogotes adjacent to them, to San Diego de los Banos, bending northward to the Sierra la Cumbre, then to the westward to the Sierra San Andrés. The group therefore occupies a distinct range in the Province of Pinar del Rio from that occupied by members of the subgenus Chondropometes, except in the Sierra Galalon, Guacamayas, and San Andrés, where two subgenera overlap. We are recognizing nine species in the subgenus and quite a number of subspecies under these, each of which has its circumscribed zoogeo- graphic distribution. , KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROTHYROMA Operculum red. Greater: diameter, more than, 27 mms2-2) 01 see es eee eximium Greater diameter less than 18 mm. Axial dark band behind peristome present___-____________ exquisitum CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 213 Axial dark band behind peristome absent. Shell red. or) reddish2i 24-22 2) sagebieni Shell not red or reddish. Shell white or yellowish___----__-------~----------- concolor Operculum white. Shell red. Axial ribs rather distantly spaced_____--~------------------- magnum Axial ribs rather closely spaced_----------------------- saccharinum Shell white or buff. Sel a eyTl GCC ese ee ee segregatum Shellinotbane dese ee scopulorum Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) bellissimum has not been con- sidered in this key for want of operculum. It has the size of C. (@.) exquisitum but lacks the dark axial band behind the peristome and has much lower and closer spaced axial ribs. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXIMIUM, new species Shell large, resembling @. (C.) magnum in shape, but with the axial ribs much finer and closer spaced and the operculum red. Three races of this species are known. They occupy parts of the Sierra de los Acostas, Sierra San Carlos, and the Sierra del Quemado. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (@.) eximium is shown in figure 73. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXIMIUM Spiral markings absent-__------------------------+---------------- eximium Spiral markings not absent. Spiral markings confined to the varicial bands_--—~ oe angusticulum Spiral markings not confined to the varicial bands-----------~- malleatum CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXIMIUM EXIMIUM, new subspecies PLATE 10, Fiagure 4 Shell large, pale yellowish, which is also the color of the peristome, the inner being a little paler than the expanded portion, without spiral bands. Axial ribs closely spaced. Spiral threads on the umbilical wall very faint. Operculum red. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 354925, was collected by Wright at Isabel Maria. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.2 mm; greater diameter, 22.3 mm; lesser diameter, 15.6 mm, CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXIMIUM ANGUSTICULUM, new subspecies PLATE 10, FIGURE 5 Shell pale yellow with obsolete spiral bands, which are intensified at irregular intervals, which coincide in axial series. Peristome white ; umbilical wall marked by obsolete spiral threads. 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428801, was collected by Bartsch under a grant from the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship in Figurp 73.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chrondropometes (Chrondrothyroma) exim- ium: (1) angusticulum; (2) malleatum; (3) eximium. 1928, in a small ensenada in the Sierra San Carlos east of the southern extremity of the Sierra de los Acostas. It has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 22.3 mm; greater diameter, 22.0 mm; lesser diameter, 14.5 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 215 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXIMIUM MALLEATUM, new subspecies PLATE 10, FIGURE 3 Shell large, thin, feebly distantly ribbed, pale yellow, the last whorl malleated, and marked by very conspicuous strong interrupted brown spiral bands. Peristome pale yellow; operculum brillant red. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428802, was collected by Dominguez in the height on the west side of La Estrechura, which is the eastern wall of the southern end of Sierra de los Acostas. It has 4.1 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.5 mm; greater diameter, 21.9 mm; lesser diameter, 15.3 mm. FIGURE 74.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) exquisi- tum: (1) punctolineatum; (2) cereum; (3) notatum; (4) exquisitum, CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXQUISITUM, new species Shell turbinate, of medium size with red operculum, and a darker axial zone immediately behind the peristome. Peristome white or pale yellow. The shell may be white, faintly yellow, wax colored, or dark orange-red ; it may be unicolor or spirally banded. The animal of C. (C.) exquisitum punctolineatum has the upper part of the body smoky gray; sides, sole of foot, and snout flesh-color with smoky suffusion. Tentacles sooty black. Sole medially cleft; motion of the two sides alternate. Suspends itself by mucous thread. This species ranges from the eastern end of the Sierra San Andrés through the Sierra Pico Chico to the Sierra la Guira, and some of the mogotes south of these limestone blocks. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (C.) eaquisitum is shown in figure 74. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXQUISITUM Shell banded. Shell red or reddish. Spiral bands: strongly expressed] 222 == ae punctolineatum Spirali-bands feebly. expressed == ee eee exquisitum SHEN FSHESH=CO LO te ae er ee re ep oe ey ee en ee notatum Shell! not banded #232.) a. FI eee ee eee ee cereum CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXQUISITUM PUNCTOLINEATUM, new subspecies PLATE 11, Figure 15 This race was collected by Natenson on Mogote Grande, which lies near the Sierra Guacamayas at its southwestern extremity. The shells from here are a little larger than typical C. (C.) exquésitum and are decidedly spirally lined with dark brown. These lines become intensi- fied and broadened in axial series and so lend a varicial aspect to the color scheme. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468940, a complete specimen, has 6.0 whorls and measures: Length, 20.3 mm; greater diameter, 18.3 mm; lesser diameter, 12.8 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXQUISITUM EXQUISITUM, new subspecies PLATE 11, Ficure 14 This race ranges through the Sierra la Guira from San Diego de los Banos to the Abra Caiguanabo. Most specimens are bright orange- red, but the color ranges from this to yellow; there is always a dark axial band behind the expanded white peristome. While the shell appears unicolor, it is nevertheless obscurely banded. The spiral markings are usually reduced to mere elongate dots, which are arranged in axial series. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 468722, is a complete specimen, having 6.1 whorls, and comes from the west end of the Sierra la Guira. It measures: Length, 19.7 mm; greater diameter, 16.0 mm; lesser diame- ter, 14.1 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXQUISITUM NOTATUM, new subspecies PLATE 11, Figure 11 Shell white, except for a dark purplish axial band immediately be- hind the aperture and slender, interrupted, but distinct, spiral bands of brown; peristome white. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428803, was collected near the Cueva Oscura del rio Caiguanabo at Los Portales. It is an almost complete speci- CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 217 men, having 5.2 whorls remaining, and measures: Length, 19.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.9 mm; lesser diameter, 11.8 mm. The distribution of this race, so far as known, ranges from Los Portales into the Abra de Caiguanabo, where it meets C. (C.) eaquisi- tum exquisitum. CHONDROPCGMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) EXQUISITUM CEREUM, new subspecies PLATE 11, Figure 13 Shell pale wax yellow, darker on the early whorls, with a mod- erately broad and not very dark axial band of brown immediately behind the peristome, which is faintly yellowish. The type, a complete specimen, U.S.N.M. no. 428804, comes from the east end of the Sierra Guacamayas. It has 6.0 whorls and measures: Length, 18.4 mm; greater diameter, 17.2 mm; lesser di- ameter, 12.0 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONGROTHYROMA) SAGEBIENI (Poey) This species embraces small shells of bright red or reddish color with red operculum. It occupies the region between Mendoza or Paso Real eastward through the Sierra Guane to mogote Punta de la Sierra. It breaks up into five subspecies, which the following key will help to differentiate. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (@.) sagebieni is shown in figure 75. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SAGEBIENI BS EVE TE Bre 0 el eos ae UL ioe» eae eee sagebieni Shell not bright red, but reddish. Axial brown zones conspicuous. Interrupted spiral bands conspicuous___-__-_____---_____ portalesense Interrupted spiral bands not conspicuous_________________ mendozense Axial brown zones not conspicuous. HeriStome Teds. 2a =e se te ee ee ee ee parvum Reristome™ white. 22.) = ee eee disjunctum CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SAGEBIENI SAGEBIENI (Poey) PLATE 11, FIGuRE 1 1858. Cyclostoma sagebieni Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 2, p. 38. This is a little smaller than @. (C.) sagebient mendozense and of bright red color, with an even more flaming peristome. The color extends a little beyond the peristome on the last whorl. No spiral markings have been observed on any of the specimens. ais PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 3040s Portales FiGuRE 75.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chrondropometes (Chondrothyroma) sage- bieni: (1) mendozense; (2) sagebieni; (3) portalesense; (4) parvum; (5) disjunctum. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 219 The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 355012, is one of a series from Sierra de Guane. It has 3.5 whorls and measures: Length, 16.2 mm; greater diameter, 13.7 mm; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SAGEBIENI PORTALESENSE, new subspecies Puate 11, Fieure 12 Shell pale red, with the inner peristome and the region imme- diately behind the peristome on the last whorl a fiery red. The shell is strongly, almost continuously, spirally banded. These spiral markings are accentuated at intervals and produce an axially as well as a spirally banded effect. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367737, was collected by Dr. de la Torre at Los Portales. It has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.7 mm; greater diameter, 13.8 mm; lesser diameter, 9.7 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SAGEBIENI MENDOZENSE, new subspecies PLATE 11, FicurE 3 In this subspecies the shell is pale brown, the early whorls darker. The inner half of the peristome is flame red, the outer paler. This bright color also characterizes the rather broad axial band immedi- ately behind the peristome. The whorls are marked by not strongly pronounced interrupted spiral bands of brown. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355015, and a series of this species we col- jected on the Tomas Barrera Expedition in a limestone biock immedi- ately adjacent to the station at Mendoza or Paso Real. This has nothing to do with the Sierra de Paso Real but is several miles south- west of this. The type has almost 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 18.3 mm; greater diameter, 15.9 mm; lesser diameter, 11.8 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SAGEBIENI PARVUM, new subspecies Puate 11, Ficure 5 Shell very small, pale reddish with the early whorls rather darker in color. Inner peristome pale red; spiral bands present, but very inconspicuous. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367747, was collected by Arango at Teneria north of Portales. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.0 mm; greater diameter, 10.5 mm; lesser diameter, 8.0 mm. A large series of specimens collected about La Murralia on both sides of the road agree rather well with the specimens from Teneria. 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SAGEBIENI DISJUNCTUM, new subspecies PLATE 11, FiGuRE 2 The shell of this subspecies is pale red; the peristome white. It is also inconspicuously spirally banded. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 385118, was collected by Bartsch on the mogote off the tip point of Punta de la Sierra. This has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.0 mm; greater diameter, 15.2 mm; lesser diameter, 10.7 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) CONCOLOR, new species Shell small or very small, unicolor, white or yellow, marked by varicial axial streaks due to the fusion of several riblets, or without these. Nuclear whorls about 2, smooth, inflated, well rounded, finely granulose. The early postnuclear whorls distantly ribbed and the later ones more closely so. Peristome white or yellowish; operculum red. This species is closely related to C. (C.) scopulorum but differs from it by the red or reddish operculum. It ranges from the Mogotes de Fonte southeast of the Sierra de San Andrés and Sierra Guacamayas to the Sierra Galal6n and some mogotes south of these mountains. It occurs therefore west of C. (C.) scopulorum. We recognize five subspecies in the material before us, which the following key will help to differentiate : Distribution of the subspecies of @ (C.) concolor is shown in figure 76. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) CONCOLOR HEI PAlesOPAN CG nt. nots et PORE Da 8s ee ee concolor Shell straw-color. Spiral threads im wmbilieus; obsolete. ss sa ee ee magister Spiral threads in umbilicus not obsolete. Greater diametersless than, 1 2ommtes= =. tee ee eee eee fontei Greater diameter more thang 3) mms) eee ee spe Shell not straw-color, Shelloflesh=colomst2 “tases, Bay Ae Se ad eo Pee eee carnicolor CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) CONCOLOGR CONCOLOR, new subspecies PLATE 11, FIGURE 6 Shell pale orange; peristome white; operculum red. Axial ribs rather distantly spaced; spiral threads in the umbilicus rather feeble. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468723, a complete specimen from the low land of the eastern part of the Sierra Guacamayas, has 5.6 whorls and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 15.7 mm; lesser diameter, 10.8 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 221 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) CONCOLOR MAGISTER, new subspecies PLATE 11, Ficurp 8 Shell very thin, white with a very faint yellowish tinge, marked by varicial white streaks due to the fusion of several of the axial riblets. The axial ribs are rather low and closely spaced. The umbilical wall does not show spiral threads. Em Mamay Angelina Ficure 76.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chrondropometes (Chondrothyroma) con-~ color: (1) concolor; (2) magister; (8) fontei; (4) spe; (5) carnicolor. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 867751, was collected between Galalén and Caiguanabo, without specific locality. It is a complete specimen, having 6.0 whorls, and measures: Length, 16.4 mm; greater diameter, 15.4 mm; lesser diameter, 10.3 mm. 229 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) CONCOLOR FONTEI, new subspecies PLATE 11, F1icure 4 Shell very small, white, with a mere yellowish flush; varicial streaks scarcely indicated. The umbilical wall is marked by feeble spiral threads. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428805, comes from the Mogote de Fonte southeast of the Sierra Guacamayas. It is a complete specimen, hav- ing 5.8 whorls, and measures: Length, 12.5 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.0 mm. This is the smallest race known of this subspecies. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) CONCOLOR SPE, new subspecies PLATE 11, FIGURE 9 This subspecies comes from the southern of the two mogotes, south- east of San Andrés, which are collectively known as Mogotes Fonte. The second is embraced by the Finca la Esperanza and may take that name. This subspecies closely resembles that from the sister mogote, Fonte, C. (C.) concolor fonte?, but is a trifle larger and has the axial ribs more distantly spaced. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468724, has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.2 mm; greater diameter, 12.7 mm; lesser diam- eter, 8.9 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDPROTHYROMA) CONCOLOR CARNICOLOR, new subspecies PLATE 11, FIGURE 7 This race, which is quite similar to C. (C.) concolor spe in form and ribbing but is flesh-color, was collected by Natenson on the mogote south of the Casa del Perez Rivera about one and one-half miles south and a little east of the Sierra Guacamayas. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468942, has almost 4.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.7 mm; greater diameter, 11.7 mm; lesser diameter, 8.6 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) MAGNUM, new species Shell large, turbinate, with moderately broad open umbilicus, red or reddish, unicolor or spirally banded. The peristome varies from white to pale reddish. The operculum is white. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, coiling in perfect harmony with the rest of the spire, inflated, strongly rounded; the first smooth, the next finely microscopically granulose, the last showing fine, closely spaced, micro- scopic incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls rather abruptly differen- tiated from the nuclear turn, inflated, strongly rounded, marked by CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 223 very slender, retractively slanting lamellar axial ribs between which occasional finer threads appear. This, however, is not a regular ar- rangement. Suture strongly constricted; periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded; the inner wall of the umbilicus is marked by moderately strong, well-rounded, spiral threads, which render the axial ribs somewhat serrulate at their junction. Aperture broadly oval or subcircular. Peristome double, the inner projecting slightly beyond the outer, and slightly expanded, smooth; the outer broadly expanded, marked by concentric lnes of growth, not in- frequently transversely fluted. Breathing pore a little within the peristome on the parietal wall near the posterior angle. Operculum almost circular, multispiral, the inner four-fifths covered with a rather strong calcareous deposit which gives it a corrugated appear- ance, the corrugations having a protracted slant. This large species ranges through the Sierra de los Acostas, the Sierra de San Carlos, the Sierra del Sumidero, the Sierra de Cabezas, and the mogotes lying to the south thereof. It breaks up into three well-defined zoogeographic races to which we are assigning subspecific rank. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (C.) magnum is shown in figure 77. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) MAGNUM Last whorl solute for one-tenth or more of a turn. Last part of last whorl decidedly deflected__-___--_----__-____ elisabethae. Last part of last whorl not decidedly defiected_---______--__--_-_ magnum astawhorlealmost adnate... 422. Oe ee signae CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) MAGNUM ELISABETHAE, new subspecies PLATH 12, FIGURE 12 Shell large, the early postnuclear whorls reddish, the rest buff, marked by rather conspicuous interrupted spiral bands, which are almost as broad as they are long and arranged in axial series. Peri- stome with a reddish flush on the inner half. The last half of the last whorl is decidedly solute. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367749, was collected by Bermudez at Isabel Maria northeast of Sumidero. It has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 20.0 mm; greater diameter, 18.0 mm; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) MAGNUM MAGNUM, new subspecies PLaTe 12, FicuRE 13 In this race the shell is large, ranging in color from pale brown to reddish brown. The peristome may be white or reddish; the outer always with concentric marks and usually with transverse 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOu. 85 flutings. The shell, as a rule, is interruptedly spirally banded, the spiral bands varying decidedly in conspicuousness, sometimes being ° x Cabezas 2 3 4 = miles Ficurp 77.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) mag- num: (1) elisabethae; (2) signae; (5) magnum. almost absent. The segments are usually arranged in vertical series, which gives the shell a somewhat axially banded aspect. This subspecies, we believe, ranges around the inner rim of the Portrero de Luis Lazo, including the Sierra de los Acostas, Sierré de San Carlos, and the Sierra del Sumidero, The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355017, was collected on the west side of the Luis Lazo embrasure. It is almost complete and should hav CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 225 6.5 whorls. It measures: Length, 24.1 mm; greater diameter, 18.4 mm; lesser diameter, 13.3 mm. Two specimens of this subspecies have been found by Dr. de la Torre that do not have a breathing pore. One of these is U.S.N.M. no, 469125; the other is in Dr. de la Torre’s collection. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) MAGNUM SIGNAE, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIGURE 14 Shell of medium size, thin, the early whorls reddish, the last one flesh-color, marked by rounded dots, which are arranged in both axial and spiral series. The peristome is white with a yellowish flush. The last whorl is almost adnate, being free only immediately behind the peristome, which is adnate to the preceding turn. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 385144, and a series of specimens were col- lected by Bartsch while working under a grant from the Walter Rath- bone Bacon Traveling Scholarship in 1928, on the three mogotes east of Cabezas. It has 3.6 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.2 mm; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SACCHARINUM, new species Shell large, varying in color from pale to dark reddish brown, with obsolete darker spiral bands. Axial ribs rather low and moderately closely spaced. Peristome white or pale brown. Operculum white. This species, which is now known only from Pan de Azucar and the Cueva del Martillo, in the Sierra Martillo range that connects the Sierra Chichones with the Sierra Celadas and del Infierno, resembles C. (C.) magnum in size and color of operculum, while in strength of axial ribs and their spacing and in a lack of spiral lirations it ap- proaches C. (C.) eximium, differing markedly from this, however, in the color of the operculum. Distribution of the subspecies of (. (C.) saccharinum is shown in figure 78. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SACCHARINUM pole ease Css ats eae ce ee a ee ae ee rubicollum Shellfpale vegesss 2b ss reel ee eee eae en saccharinum CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SACCHARINUM RUBICOLLUM, new subspecies PLATE 13, FIGURE 1 Shell dark reddish brown, with obsolete darker spiral bands and a brilliant red axial zone immediately behind the peristome; expanded peristome pale brown with a reddish suffusion. 66879—38——3 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468847, has 4.3 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 21.7 mm; greater diameter, 18.8 mm; lesser diameter, 14.2mm. It comes from the Sierra Martillo. The brilliant red axial zone behind the peristome and darker coloration will readily distinguish this from (C. (@.) saccharinum saccharinum. FiGcuRp 78.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) saccharinum: (1) saccharinum; (2) rubicollum. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SACCHARINUM SACCHARINUM, new subspecies PLATE 13, Ficure 3 This race, which comes from Pan de Azucar, is readily distin- guished from @. (C@.) saccharinum rubicollum by its paler color and white peristome and by the absence of the brilliant-red axial zone behind the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355024, which was collected on the Tomas Barrera Expedition, has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.2 mm; greater diameter, 17.0 mm; lesser diameter, 12.7 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM, new species Shell of small or medium size, white, straw-color, pale buff, or sometimes faintly reddish, usually marked by interrupted spiral bands, which vary much in size and intensity of color and are present on both spire and base. Peristome pale yellowish or white. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 227 Nuclear whorls about 1.5, inflated, strongly rounded, continuing the outline of the postnuclear spire in their coiling. Postnuclear whorls strongly inflated and separated by a strongly impressed suture and marked on the early whorls by very strong lamellar, retractively slanting, axial riblets, which become a little more closely spaced on the last turn. Umbilical wall marked by rather distantly spaced spiral threads which here render the axial riblets somewhat serrulate. Peristome double, the outer broadly expanded, marked by concentric lamellae. Operculum white, multispiral, the inner four-fifths of the whorls covered with a heavy callus, which is laid down in a somewhat fluted manner, the thickenings curved retractively. The animal of @. (@.) segregatum is flesh-color with a smoky suffusion, the tip of the snout a little paler than the rest. Tentacles smoky gray, a little paler at the tip. Sole of foot flesh-color with pale smoky suffusion. The sole of the foot is medially longitudinally cleft, the locomotory waves being alternate. The subspecies of this species are widely scattered among mogotes lying east and south of the Organ Mountains and about or west of the road that leads from Pinar del Rio to Vinales. The exception to this is C. (C.) segregatum sporadicum from Mogote Quilla, Finca el Descanso, Entronque de Herradura, which, in spite of its distance from C. (C.) segregatum segregatum from the mogotes at Kilometer 14, is quite similar to this. This species is distinguished from the other small forms by its strongly banded colored pattern and by the exceedingly strongly developed lamellar ribs, which give the shell a rough surface. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (C.) segregatum is shown in figure 79. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM Greater diameter more than 16 mm. SDIEA ANd SH Sth OM Se ae ee ee Se ee felipense Spiral bands not strong. Spiral bands feeble. Greater diameter more than 19 mm________________ lagunitasense Greater diameter less than 17 mm________________________ arangoi DSS LLTs aM ED SAIN CH Sime LOS pee eee ee vallei Greater diameter less than 15 mm. SOI RMA TKN SS tO Mes ae at = Ae ea EEE ee laureani Spiral markings not strong, sometimes absent. Wimbilveus@rather broad =— == 2 see eee See segregatum Umbilicus rather narrow. pele yell OWS nian aot ty oe RE Ee Nn nes sporadicum SS GLIA W lit Cte te ee et a es ne A ee te mameyi 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM FELIPENSE, new subspecies PLATE 12, Figure 2 This is a medium-sized thin-shelled race. It is of pale buff ground color, with the peristome much paler. The whorls and base are con- spicuously marked with almost continuous dark brown spiral bands. Our shells come from a small mogote 14 kilometer west of Kilo- meter 14. Ledipeamayes Mama 8S , F oQuilla xHerradura Cayos de SanFel/pa - Oo Ki¢t 40 3 OGvama 2 Pinar Del Rio FIGURE 79.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chrondropometes (Chondrothyroma) segre- gatum: (1) lagunitasense; (2) laureani; (8) arangoi; (4) vallei; (5) segregatum; (6) felipense; (7) sporadicum; (8) mameyi. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468725, an almost complete specimen, has 5.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.7 mm; greater diam- eter, 17.8 mm; lesser diameter, 12.6 mm. The strong spiral color bands distinguish this from the other larger subspecies. Bartsch coliected a dead specimen on Cayo San Felipe, which seems indistinguishable from this race. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM LAGUNITASENSE, new subspecies PLATR 12, Ficure 3 Shell buff with broad, decidedly interrupted spiral zones of brown. Some of these marks are wider than the spaces that separate them. Peristome pale buff. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 229 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367739, was collected by Arango at Los Lagunitas. It has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.7 mm; greater diameter, 19.7 mm; lesser diameter, 13.7 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM ARANGOI, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIGuRE 9 Shell pale buff, the early turns with a reddish tinge, marked with inconspicuous, rather narrow, interrupted spiral bands of brown. These spiral markings are also arranged in axial series. Peristome white. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367746, a complete specimen, was collected by Arango at Hoyo Guama. It has 6.4 whorls and measures: Length, 20.3 mm; greater diameter, 16.2 mm; lesser diameter, 10.7 mm. The more conic outline and pale color distinguish this readily from the others of the larger races. CHONDROPOMETES (CEOGNDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM VALLEI, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIGURE 1 Shell white, unicolor, with the peristome white. Umbilicus with conspicuous spiral threads. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 428800, was collected by Bartsch and Valle in 1928 on the tall mogote about one and one-half miles south- west of Kilometer 14 between Pinar del Rio and Vinales. It has 4.1 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.8; greater diameter, 19.0 mm; lesser diameter, 13.4 mm. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM LAUREANI, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIGURE 6 Shell small, buff, with white peristome. The conspicuous inter- rupted brown bands have the elements composing them also ar- ranged in axial series. These are so broad that their arrangement almost produces axial bands; in fact they appear more as axial bands than spiral ones. This race comes from Mogote de la Caja west of Pinar del Rio. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468726, has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.9 mm; greater diameter, 12.7 mm; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm. The strong spiral and axial arrangements of the color bands readi- ly distinguish this from the other small races of C. (C.) segregatum. 930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM SEGREGATUM, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIGURE 4 Shell small, rather broadly umbilicated, straw-color, marked by faint interrupted spiral bands of brown; peristome pale yellowish. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355037, was collected on the Tomas Bar- rera Expedition on the mogote on the east side of Kilometer 14, between Pinar del Rio and Vinales. It is a complete specimen hav- ing 6 whorls and measures: Length, 15.6 mm; greater diameter, 12.7 mm; lesser diameter 9.6 mm. This subspecies we also collected on the whole complex of mogotes nestling about Kilometer 14, but although we kept the shells col- lected on the various rock piles distinct, careful examination does not reveal any distinguishing characters. We are therefore apply- ing this name to the entire lot. This subspecies resembles (. (@.) segregatum sporadicum mostly but has a heavier shell and wider umbilicus. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM SPORADICUM, new subspecies PLATE 12, Fiaure 5 Shell small, very thin, of pale buff ground color with the peristome a little paler in color, or feebly marked with rather distantly spaced, interrupted spiral bands of-brown. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468727, comes from Mogote de Quilla, Finca el Descanso, Entronque de Herradura. It is a complete speci- men having 5 whorls and measures: Length, 14.0 mm; greater di- ameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 6.3 mm. The thinner shell and narrower umbilicus distinguish this from C. (C.) segregatum segregatum. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SEGREGATUM MAMEYI, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIcurE 8 Shell similar to @. (C@.) segregatum sporadicum but white with a mere flush of yellow. As in that race, the shell may or may not have pale brown interrupted spiral lines arranged in axial series on spire and base. The axial ribbing in this is also a little stronger, which is also true of the obsolete spiral sculpture. This subspecies was collected by Natenson on Mogote Mamey, the northern one of the two large limestone peaks off the southwestern end of the Sierra Guacamayas. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468928, a complete specimen, has 6.0 whorls and measures: Length, 15.4 mm; greater diameter, 12.7 mm; lesser diameter, 8.9 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 2351 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SCOPULORUM, new species Shell small, unicolor, white or yellowish white Operculum white or pale reddish. Nuclear whorls about 2, very finely granulose, strongly inflated and rounded, continuing the outline of the rest of the spire. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, separated by a well-impressed suture, and marked by retractively curved lamel- lar axial riblets, which are a little more definitely spaced on the early whorls than'the later. Umbilicus varying in width in the dif- ferent races, but always broadly open. Umbilical wall with or with- out spiral threads. Peristome double; the outer broadly expanded and reflected, the inner only slightly expanded and reflected. Oper- culum multispiral with a rather thick callus on the inner four-fifths, which is somewhat fluted, the thickening having a retractive slant. The animal of (. (@.) scopulorum perplewum was described by Bartsch in the field from specimens collected at Cueva del Indio, Mogote Colorado, near San Diego Banos, Pinar del Rio Province, June 17, 1928, as follows: Animal pale smoky gray; tentacles almost sooty with a subterminal paler band. Snout a little paler than the general coloration of the body: edge of body at foot flesh-color. Sole of foot flesh-color with a faint smoky flush. The internal anatomy shines through the body wall behind the tentacles with a rosy flush. The short foot is longitudinally medially, deeply cleft, in progres- sion; the motion of the two sides is alternate. This species ranges from the Sierra de Guira, eastward to the Sierra la Cumbre. The Rio San Diego divides the mountains to the east from the mountains to the west. Those to the west of San Diego los Banos harbor (. (@.) scopulorum scopulorum, while the mogotes to the east of the Rio San Diego harbor C. (C.) scopulorum per- plecum. The Sierra la Cumbre itself harbors C. (C.) scopulorum cumbrense. Distribution of the subspecies of @. (C.) scopulorum is shown in figure 80. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SCOPULORUM Spiral threads in umbilicus fairly strong----_--____________________ cumbrense Spiral threads in umbilicus obsolete. AXA AIET ADS LClOSCLY aS Da CCG = 2 asa ee ee scopulorum AXialsribs distantly “Spacede2 == = ssh imetiee hanes ee ee perplexum CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SCOPULORUM CUMBRENSE, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIGuRE 10 Shell small, yellowish white with the ribs rather distantly spaced and the spiral threads on the umbilicus rather prominent. There ne PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 are also approximations of some of the riblets at irregular intervals which give the shell a somewhat varicid aspect. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367742, was collected by Mr. Henderson on the south side of the west end of Sierra la Cumbre. It is a com- plete specimen, having 6 whorls, and measures: Length, 18.0 mm; greater diameter, 15.2 mm; lesser diameter, 10.4 mm. ’ Figure 80.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropometes (Chondrothyroma) scopulorum: (1) cumbrense; (2) perplecum; (8) scopulorum. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SCOPULORUM SCOPULORUM, new subspecies PLATE 12, Figure 11 Shell of medium size, marked by rather closely spaced, decidedly sublamellar axial ribs. Umbilical wall without spiral threads. There is also no delimiting cord at the outer edge of the umbilicus. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 335034, was collected by Mr. Henderson on the third mogote west of the river and north of San Diego de los Banos. It has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.6 mm; greater diameter, 15.8 mm; lesser diameter, 11.8 mm. We have this race from a number of mogotes from the southeast- ern part of the Sierra la Guira. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 233 CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) SCOPULORUM PERPLEXUM, new subspecies PLATE 12, FIGURE 7 Shell small, white, with the ribs sublamellar, rather closely spaced. Spiral threads in the umbilicus feeble; peristome broadly expanded. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367748, was collected by Aguayo and Ber- mudez on Mogote Colorado near San Diego de los Banos, on the east side of the Rio San Diego. It has 4.1 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.9 mm; greater diameter, 16.0 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.5 mm. Specimens of this subspecies have been found without breathing pore. We have also specimens from Mogote Bosque. CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) BELLISIMUM, new species PLATH 11, FicurE 10 Shell rather large, bright red except for the broadly reflected peristome, which is yellowish white. Operculum red. The axial ribs are rather low and closely spaced, the spaces between them on the last whorl being almost as narrow as the ribs. The last half of the last whorl also shows poorly developed spiral threads, which are best developed on the base. The umbilical wall is also marked by conspicuous spiral threads. This species recalls C. (@.) eximium eximium but can at once be distinguished from that by the absence of the dark axial band immediately behind the peristome, by the much lower and more closely spaced axial ribs, and by its having the spiral striations on the last whorl referred to above. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367743, was collected by Arango at Mogote del Bosque de Galalén. It has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.3 mm; greater diameter, 17.8 mm; lesser diameter, 11.9 mm. HENDERSONINA, new genus Brilliantly colored shells, varying in shape from broadly to nar- rowly ovate to elongate-turreted. The early nuclear whorls are smooth, the first portion of the first postnuclear whorl showing axial threads that soon develop into axial riblets on the succeeding portions of the shell. Beginning with the last part of the first post- nuclear whorl, spiral threads make their appearance, which ren- der the axial riblets nodulose at their junction on the early post- nuclear whorl. The axial and spiral sculpture may both become enfeebled beyond the first half of the spire, as in /Hendersonina (Hendersonina) hendersoni, or persist quite strongly to the end, as in some of the races of 7. (Hendersonida) discolorans and H. (Sco- binapoma) scobina. The suture may or may not be crenulated. 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 Base umbilicated. Aperture large, almost subquadratic, forming an angle at the junction of the outer lip and parietal wall. Peristome double, the inner only slightly expanded and appressed to the outer, which is expanded in varying degrees in the different species. Breathing pore present in Hendersonina; absent in the other two subgenera. Operculum multispiral with excentric nucleus, the inner four-fifths of the turns covered with a heavy granular deposit which is more or less fluted. Type: Hendersonina (Hendersonina) hendersoni (Torre). KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS HENDERSONINA Shell elongate-turreted; breathing pore present________________ Hendersonina Shell ovate; breathing pore absent. Outerslip, broadlyexpanded 222245 Sivas eee ee Hendersonida Outerdip mot broadly -expanded/=—. == = 2 a eee eee Scobinapoma HENDERSONINA, new subgenus Shell elongate-turreted, brilliantly varicolored, breathing pore pres- ent on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture. Type: Hendersonina (Hendersonina) hendersoni (Torre). HENDERSONINA (HENDERSONINA) HENDERSONI (Torre) PLATE 18, F1ecurREr 13 1909. Chondropoma hendersoni Torre, Nautilus, vol. 23, pp. 49-50, pl. 4, fig. 6. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) hendersoni HENDERSON and BartscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. The elongate-turreted shape and variegated color combined with a breathing pore render this not only a most beautiful but most distinct species found in all Cuba. It is confined to the northeastern end of the Costanera del Abra, occupying the high parts of an extremely limited area. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 492714, has 5.5 whorls remaining (it has probably lost 4.5 whorls at the tip) and measures: Length, 26.8 mm; greater diameter, 15.4 mm; lesser diameter, 10.6mm. The other speci- men that we figure has lost the first 2 whorls; the 8 remaining meas- ure: Length, 31.6 mm; greater diameter, 15.7 mm; lesser diameter, 11.6 mm. The animal is very short, ashy gray, and has long, slender, coral- red tentacles. The foot is longitudinally medially divided. Loco- motion of the two sides alternate. HENDERSONIDA, new subgenus Medium-sized shells of broadly ovate outline, usually brilliantly colored; suture crenulated with a series of tufts, the rest of the whorls CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 235 nodulose at the junction of the axial riblets and spiral threads. All sculpture decidedly reduced on the last whorl. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the outer broadly expanded, less so on the parietal wall, somewhat fluted, marked by feeble concentric threads; the inner narrowly expanded, reflected over and adnate to the outer. Operculum thin, corneus, covered, with a fine granular deposit. Type: Hendersonina (Hendersonida) discolorans (Wright) Pfeiffer. HENDERSONINA (HENDERSONIDA) DISCOLORANS (Wright) Pfeiffer Shell of medium size, broadly ovate, yellow or of various shades of rose color, sometimes spirally banded; peristome white; oper- culum horn-color or with rosy flush. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, well rounded, very minutely granulose, the last portion of the last turn with a few feeble axial threads. Postnuclear whorls inflated, well rounded, marked by weak axial and spiral threads, which on the early whorls form slightly cusplike tubercles at their junction. Suture deeply impressed, marked by irregularly developed and distributed tufts on the summits of the whorls. Periphery and base of the last whorl inflated, strongly rounded, the latter openly umbilicated and marked by feeble axial and spiral threads. The last whorl may or may not be solute for a fraction of a turn. The known range of this species extends through the Laguna Piedras northward to the Sierra San Andrés and east to Mogote Fonte. We are recognizing three subspecies, which the adjoining key will help to identify: Distribution of the subspecies of H. (77.) discolorans is shown in figure 81. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF HENDERSONINA (HENDERSONIDA) DISCOLORANS Shell rose-color. Base not darker than the rest of the last whor]__--_---------- discolorans Base darker ‘than’ the rest of the last. whorli2--.—=2+-.---—_—_ bicolor SS Helilasy ClO weesa ee Sate a ee ee See decolor HENDERSONINA (HENDERSONIDA) DISCOLORANS DISCOLORANS (Wright) Pfeiffer PLATE 13, FIGURE 9 1863. Chondropoma discolorans (WRIGHT) Pretrrer, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 10, p. 189. This subspecies, whose base is colored like the rest of the last whorl, comes from the mogotes scattered through the Laguna Piedras from Puertecitas north to Mogote La Jagua de San Antonio. While it shows considerable diversity through this range, the variables are 936 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 not fixed for isolated mogotes but appear to be present in each of them, that is, definite subspecific characters associated with definite mogotes are not present. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 367761, comes from Mogote Capon. It has lost most of the nuclear turns; the 5 whorls remain- ing measure: Length, 20.3 mm; greater diameter, 13.4 mm; lesser diameter, 10.0 mm. HENDERSONINA (HENDERSONIDA) DISCOLORANS BICOLOR, new subspecies PLATE 13, Figure 10 Shell averaging smaller than 7. (H1.) discolorans discolorans and having the last whorl much oftener adnate than that subspecies. The base in this is also always darker than the rest of the last whorl. FIGURE 81.—Distribution of the subspecies of Hendersonina (Hendersonida) discolorans: (1) discolorans; (2) bicolor; (3) decolor. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492715, comes from the south side of the Sierra San Andrés. It has 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 11.8 mm; lesser diameter, 8.3 mm. This subspecies we know from the south side of the Sierra San Andrés and some of the mogotes to the south and southeast of this range. HENDERSONINA (HENDERSONIDA) DISCOLORANS DECOLOR, new subspecies PLATE 18, FIGURE 8 A large series of specimens from the Mogote de Fonte, southeast of the Sierra Guacamayas look as if they were partial albinos; they are uniformly pale yellow with white peristome. They are also smaller than the other two races. The extreme tip has a dark spot. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 237 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492716, the only complete specimen that we have seen in all the material examined of all the races, has 6.0 whorls and measures: Length, 16.3 mm; greater diameter, 11.2 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. ScCOBINAPOMA, new subgenus Very small Hendersonina of ovate shape with filelike sculpture on the postnuclear whorls. Aperture very broadly ovate; peristome double; outer and inner almost equal in expansion and reflection, which is slight. Type: Hendersonina (Scobinapoma) scobina (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. Three species are known in this subgenus, which the following key will help to differentiate: Distribution of the species and subspecies of Scobinapoma is shown in figure 82. Sr. Gvacamayas BE San Diego de los Banos 3.0 Gui lla Herradura Figure 82.—Distribution of the species and subspecies of subgenus Scobinapoma: (1) H. (S.) scobina galalonensis; (2) scobina scobina and cirrata; (3) maculata. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS SCOBINAPOMA Outer lip of same color as rest of shell___-_-_------------------------ scobina Outer lip not same color as rest of shell. Outer lip spotted. Ieast whorl imtercuptedly banded=2=22==-2= = === maculata lias whorl nominterruptedily banded=—=-==- —-=== == = =- eae cirrata 938 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 HENDERSONINA (SCOBINAPOMA) SCOBINA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell quite small, ovate, red or pale yellow, usually with a thin periostracum, which gives the surface a watered-silk effect. Nuclear whorls about 2, microscopically granulose, the last portion showing a few hairlike incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls with fine tubercles which lend the surface a filelike aspect. The last whorl is always solute and somewhat descending near the end. Base well rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated. Aperture broadly oval, almost sub- circular, angulated posteriorly. The peristome is double, the outer narrowly expanded and reflected, the inner only slightly smaller, also reflected and adnate to the outer. Operculum thin, covered with a finely granular deposit. Of the animal of H. (S.) scobina, Gundlach says that it is brownish with small flecks of white on all of the foot. Head, with the exception of the snout, blackish. Eye ring and base of tentacles clay-yellowish- white, tentacles black with yellowish tip. The animal spins a rather long thread with which it suspends itself. The animals of HZ. (S.) scobina galanonensis seen by us have the sides of the body and tip of the snout smoke-gray, the rest of the snout and median dorsal parts are sooty. Sole of foot smoke-gray. The base of the tentacles is smoke-gray, the middle half sooty, the distal fourth orange. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF HENDERSONINA (SCOBINAPOMA) SCOBINA Shellamore:than il onmineleng th 2" = Ns See galalonensis Shelljless than 10mm" in wens ths.) ss eS eee scobina HENDERSONINA (SCOBINAPOMA) SCOBINA SCOBINA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 13, FIGURE 12 1863. Chondropoma scobina (GUNDLAOCH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol 10, pp. 189-190. Shell bright red or yellow, the thin periostracum lending it a watered-silk effect Peristomes narrow, a little more so on the parietal wall than the rest, inner about one-half as expanded as the outer. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 354929, was received from Gundlach. It comes from the type locality, Sierra la Guira, and has 4.6 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 9.8 mm; greater diameter, 6.7 mm; lesser diameter, 5.4 mm. This subspecies is very similar to H. (S.) scobina galalonensis, from which its much smaller size will at once distinguish it. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 239 HENDERSONINA (SCOBINAPOMA) SCOBINA GALALONENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 18, Figure 14 Shell similar to H. (S.) scobina scobina but much larger; only red forms have so far been seen. This race comes from the Sierra de Galalon. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367762, was collected by Arango. It has 4.7 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.3 mm; greater diameter, 7.6 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. HENDERSONINA (SCOBINAPOMA) CIRRATA (Wright) Pfeiffer PLATE 13, FIGURE 4 1867. Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) cirratum (WRIGHT) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 14, pp. 210-211. Shell quite small, ovate, flesh-colored with the plugged part of the first of the remaining whorls blackish brown and with the outer lip interruptedly purplish chocolate-brown. Peristome very narrow, a little wider on the outer lip than on the columellar and parietal walls. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 25095, was received from Wright and is a topotype from the Sierra la Guira. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 8.3 mm; greater diameter, 5.8 mm; lesser diameter, 4.1 mm. HENDERSONINA (SCOBINAPOMA) MACULATA, new species PLATE 138, FicureE 11 Shell small, flesh-color, with a greenish tinge, marked by 3 broad, interrupted spiral bands of chestnut-brown between the summit and the periphery of the last whorl and two additional ones of the same strength and coloration on the base. The cusping is less strong and less numerous than in the other two species, that is, there are fewer spiral threads and axial riblets. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492717, a complete specimen, has 6 whorls and measures: Length, 9.4 mm; greater diameter, 5.7 mm; lesser diameter, 4.5 mm. It comes from Mogote de Quilla (Canas Alta) southwest of Entronque de Herradura. In this species the body of the animal is smoky gray tending to- ward sooty on the posterior half of the snout and the median line between the tentacles. The sides are a little darker than the rest of the upper surface. The sides are marked with innumerable fine white dots. Tentacles gently tapering until the distal third, from there on swollen, yellowish on the basal half, smoke-gray on the rest, but with the sides of the swollen distal third sooty. The internal anatomy 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 shines through the integument of the animal as a rosy flush behind the tentacles. Sole of foot smoke-gray, medially longitudinally cleft; locomotion of the two sides alternate. The animal at rest usually suspends itself by a mucous thread. TURRITHYRA, new genus Shell large, elongate-turreted, unicolor, axially or spirally banded, or both, with axial and spiral riblets and threads whose junction may or may not form tubercles or short spines. Sutures minutely tufted. Aperture large, broadly oval or subcircular; peristome double, expanded to a varying degree in the different species. A breathing pore may or may not be present. Type: Turrithyra (Turrithyra) canaliculata (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. This genus is readily divisible into three subgenera, as indicated by the following key: KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF TURRITHYRA Breathing pore present. Inner lip cut, posterior half reflected over umbilicus________ Turrithyretes Inner lip not cut, posterior half not reflected over umbilicus____ Turrithyra Breathing. pore absemt..2° 2 7k tM Yond Fs slr ot Turripoma TURRITHYRETES, new subgenus Those Turrithyras that possess a breathing pore and have the inner lip cut with the posterior half reflected over the umbilicus. Type: Turrithyra (Turrithyretes) sinuosa (Wright) Pfeiffer. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS TURRITHYRETES Sell strongly eehimalate--.t* .) 22 3a a A ged echinulata Slicli not Strongly, echinulate 2 ena nie tes ge sinuosa TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) ECHINULATA (Wright) Pfeiffer Shell red or reddish, unicolor or spirally banded, with the peri- stome white or pale yellow. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls inflated, well rounded, marked by slender, retractively slanting axial and spiral threads, the junction of which forms strong spines or cusps whose tips are retractively curved, These cusps continue undiminished over the last whorl and its base. Peristome double, the outer broadly expanded and re- flected, radially fluted and marked with incremental lines, That of the posterior half of the inner lip is reflected over and covers the umbilicus. The inner peristome is less extensive, it is also reflected and adnate to the outer. The exact type locality of the typical race is unknown. *Vig- nales,” the locality given, is a rather broad designation as we now understand it. The lesser race comes from the Sierra del Abra. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH DAT KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) ECHINULATA Greater diameter more than 12 mm___-_------~------------------- echinulata Greater diameter less than 10 mm___-_-~----~---------------------- echinella TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) ECHINULATA ECHINULATA (Wright) Pfeiffer PLATE 14, Ficure 11 1863. Chondropoma echinulatum (WRIGHT) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 10, pp. 184-185. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyretes) echinulata WENDERSON and BARTSCH, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. This race, which Pfeiffer says Wright found under decaying leaves at “Vignales,” has so far not been rediscovered by any subsequent collectors. It is abundantly represented in many collections but al- ways dating back to Wright’s collecting. The shells are usually dark red, though at times paler individuals are present. Spiral color bands if present are scarcely noticeable. The shells are larger than those of the next subspecies. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 10970, one of four, has 5.3 whorls remaining, and measures: Length, 21.1 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diameter, 8.8 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) ECHINULATA ECHINELLA, new subspecies PLATE 14, Figure 10 This race was collected in the Sierra del Abra, 6 miles west of the River Cejanal in front of Enrique Veles’s place, where it is found on bushes. It is usually paler, with the spaces between the spiral cords darker than the cords and their spines. It is smaller than typical 7’. (7’.) echinulata echinulata. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468683, has 4.9 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 17.7 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, , (.2 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) SINUOSA (Wright) Pfeiffer Shell elongate-turreted, varying in color from white through pale yellow, through buff to reddish in ground color, unicolor or inter- ruptedly spirally banded; peristome white or pale yellowish buff. Nuclear whorls about 2, inflated and strongly rounded, smooth except the last part of the last turn, which shows a few incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls also inflated and strongly rounded, separated by a well-constricted suture and marked by fairly regularly developed and spaced, retractively slanting, threadhke axial riblets crossed by 66879—38——4 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 equal or heavier spiral threads, which are also of fairly regular spac- ing. The junctions of the axial and spiral threads form small rounded tubercles, some of which near the upper parts of the turns tend toward cusps. This sculpture also characterizes the inflated and well-rounded base, being even stronger here than on the spire. The base is openly umbilicated, the umbilical wall being sculptured like the adjacent area. Aperture large, very broadly ovate, with a slight angulation at the posterior angle. Peristome double, the outer broadly flaringly expanded, radially fluted and marked with concentric in- cremental lines, cut in the middle of the columellar side and having the posterior half reflected to partially cover the umbilicus; there is usually also a flexure in that of the outer lip a little anterior to the posterior angle, giving this part a somewhat channeled effect. The inner peristome is of much lesser extent; it is also reflected and adnate to the outer. Operculum thin, corneous, covered with a thin granular deposit. The races of this species cluster about the road leading through the Puerta de la Ancon. Distribution of the subspecies of 7’. (7'.) sénuosa is shown in figure 83. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) SINUOSA shell -of redior reddish: ground (color =n eee vicina Shell not of red or reddish ground color. Shell of pale buff or white ground color. Interrupted spiral bands conspicuous. Axial and spiral threads numerous and erowded__---______ hutia Axial and spiral threads less numerous and less crowded. Greater diameter more than 13 mm__________________ sinuosa Greater diameter less than 12 mm______-___________ opposita Interrupted spiral bands inconspicuous or absent__________ rhachitica TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) SINUOSA VICINA, new subspecies PLATE 14, Figure 13 This race comes from the Sierra San Vicente and the Sierra Vinales where it joins the Sierra Vicente. It is particularly abundant on the walls of the Ensenada Delicia. It is a large subspecies of almost always red or reddish ground color with conspicuous slender inter- rupted spiral bands of brown. Peristome white, sometimes buff or even pale orange. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492724, comes from the Sierra Vinales; it has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 26.0 mm; greater diameter, 15.8 mm; lesser diameter, 10.8 mm. The red or reddish color is quite characteristic of this subspecies. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 243 TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) SINUOSA HUTIA, new subspecies Puate 14, Figure 12 This subspecies, which Bartsch collected on Mogote Hutia, a lime- stone block on the east side of the center part of the Sierra de la Chorrera, differs from 7’. (Z'.) sénuosa opposita in having more and closer spaced spiral threads. Sr.S.Vicente S.Vinales Figure 83. Distribution of the subspecies of Turrithyra (Turrithyretes) sinwosa: (1) vicina; (2) hutia; (3) sinuosa; (4) opposita; (5) rhachitica. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468732, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.8 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.9 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) SINUOSA SINUOSA (Wright) Pfeiffer PuatTe 14, Ficurn 16 1862. Chondropoma sinuosa (WRIGHT) PFEIFFER, Malakozool, Blatter, vol. 10, p. 185. 1864. Chondropoma sinuosa PretrFER, Novitates conchologicae, vol. 1, p. 242, pl. 62, figs. 10, 11. 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyretes) sinuosa HENDERSON and BartscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. Pfeiffer, in his Novitates conchologicae, plainly figures the large shell of pale ground color with conspicuous interrupted dark bands, which occupies the west side of the Puerta de la Ancon. We have here collected hundreds of specimens that in every way agree with Pfeiffer’s description and figure. The specimen here figured, U.S.N.M. no. 57614, was collected by Arango at Vinales. It has 5.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 25.5 mm; greater diameter, 14.5 mm; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) SINUOSA OPPOSITA, new subspecies PLATE 14, Figure 15 This race occupies the opposing wall of the Puerta de la Ancon from that inhabited by typical 7. (7.) sinwosa sinuosa, that is, the west wall of the Sierra de la Chorrera at the Puerta. It resembles typical 7. (7.) sinuosa sinuosa but differs from it in being much smaller. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492723, has 4.6 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 21.7 mm; greater diameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.4 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRETES) SINUOGSA RHACHITICA, new subspecies PLATE 14, FIGURE 6 This race occupies Mogote Puertecitas, the block of limestone a little east of the southeastern end of the Sierra de la Chorrera. It is the smallest subspecies and it is hkewise slenderer and practically always white; only an occasional specimen shows indications of interrupted spiral bands. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 4687383, is a complete specimen having 8.5 whorls and measures: Length, 21.3 mm; greater diameter, 8.5 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. TURRITHYRA, new subgenus Those Turrithyras that possess a breathing pore and have the re- flected inner lip uncut. Type: Turrithyra (Turrithyra) canaliculata (Gundlach) Pfeifer. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS TURRITHYRA Outer peristome broadly expanded. Axial sculpture threadlike. Spiral sculpture stronger than the axial_-____-_-_____--_-______ mendax Spiral sculpture not stronger than the axial_---__--_--_-~ canaliculata CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 245 Axialvseulpture ‘sublamellar = 2522 == see ae eee ee deceptor Outer peristome nots broadly expanded == ==— 2 hamlini TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) MENDAKX, new species PLATE 14, FicuRE 14 Shell elongate-turreted, white or yellow. Postnuclear whorls some- what inflated, strongly rounded, marked by numerous retractively curved, slender, threadlike axial ribs, which extend undiminished across the periphery and base of the last whorl. The spiral sculpture consists also of slender threads, which are a little stronger than the axial; the combination of these elements lends the surface a fenestrated pattern. In the moderately open umbilicus the spiral threads are even stronger than those of the spire. Suture strongly constricted. Base inflated, well rounded. Aperture very broadly ovate; peristome dou- ble, the outer very broadly expanded and reflected, radially fluted and marked by concentric lines of growth; the inner only moderately expanded and reflected and adnate to the outer. Breathing pore at the posterior angle. Operculum thin, with a rather heavy deposit of granules which lend it a retractively fluted aspect. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468728, comes from the Cafetal de la Peni- tencia, Vinales. It has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 21.4 mm; greater diameter, 12.5 mm; lesser diameter, 8.8 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) CANALICULATA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell elongate-turreted, red or reddish, with or without darker axial streaks and conspicuous or inconspicuous interrupted spiral bands of brown. Nuclear whorls smooth, excepting the last part of the last turn, which shows a few strong incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls in- flated, strongly rounded, and marked by threadlike axial riblets and a little finer spiral threads, except on the umbilicus, where they are much stronger. The axial threads pass over the inflated, well-rounded pe- riphery and base into the open umbilicus. Suture well constricted. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the outer broadly expanded, somewhat auriculated at the posterior angle, radially fluted and marked by concentric lines of growth; the inner less widely expanded, reflected and adnate to the outer. Breathing pore on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture. Operculum covered on the inner two-thirds of its turn with a heavy granular, calcareous deposit in a retractively fluted pattern. This species has several races, all of which cluster about Pan de Guajaibon. Distribution of the subspecies of 7. (Z.) canaliculata is shown in figure 84. 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) CANALICULATA Shell with conspicuous axial brown streaks___-__-________________ pinalillensis Shell without conspicuous axial brown streaks. Interrupted spiral brown bands conspicuous. Axial riblets rathersstron ee ee eee andreas Axialiriblets:feebles = ees es ee eee ee saguaensis Interrupted spiral brown bands inconspicuous______--__-____ canaliculata t Pinalliloe Ficure 84.—Distribution of the subspecies of Turrithyra (Turrithyra) canaliculata: (1) pinalillensis ; (2) saguaensis ; (3) canaliculata; (4) andreas. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) CANALICULATA PINALILLENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 14, FicurE 1 This race is marked by brown varicial streaks, usually separated by bands of a little wider, of the orange-red base color. It also has inconspicuous brown spiral threads. The outer peristome is tinged with orange-red. It comes from Hato Pinalillo. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 104500, has 5.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.5 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diam- eter, 9.1 mm. The dark varicial brown zones readily distinguish this subspecies from the other two. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) CANALICULATA ANDREAS, new subspecies PLATE 14, Fieure 3 This subspecies, which was collected by Dr. de la Torre at Pico Grande, Sierra San Andrés, has the rather strong axial riblets char- acteristic of 7. (Z’.) canaliculata pinalillensis and interrupted spiral bands of brown narrower and not so strong as those of 7. (7.) canali- culata saguaensis. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 247 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468852, has almost four whorls remaining and measures: Length, 20.2 mm; greater diameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 9.3 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) CANALICULATA SAGUAENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 14, Figure 4 In this race the shell is marked by almost continuous, strong, brown spiral bands on both spire and base. These bands extend upon the peristome, which they mark radially; the rest of the peristome is white, The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492719, we collected on the Tomas Barrera Expedition at Sagua, Pan de Guajaibon. It has 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.4 mm; greater diameter, 12.2 mm; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm. The strong spiral banding and the absence of axial brown streaks characterize this subspecies. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) CANALICULATA CANALICULATA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 14, FIGURE 2 1863. Chondropoma canaliculata (GuUNDLACH) PreIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 10, pp. 183-184. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) canaliculatum HENDERSON and BARTSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 187. This race has the shell bright orange-red, unicolor or faintly inter- ruptedly spirally banded. The peristome is of a little paler orange red color. It comes from Hato Caimito, The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492718, was collected by Gund- lach. It has 4.7 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.0 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diameter, 8.8 mm. The absence of strong interrupted spiral bands or dark axial streaks easily differentiates this from the other known subspecies. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) DECEPTOR (Arango) Shell elongate-turreted, ranging in coloration from flesh-color to bright rose-red, unicolor or marked by interrupted spiral threads of brown. The axial ribs are frequently of much lighter color than the rest of the shell. Peristome white, red, or reddish. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by sublamellar, retractively slanting axial ribs which extend over the somewhat inflated and well-rounded periphery and base of the last whorl into the moderately open umbilicus. In addition to this sculp- ture, the whorls on spire and base are marked by numerous fine spiral 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 threads. On the umbilical wall the spiral threads become much intens- ified. Aperture broadly ovate. Peristome double, the outer broadly expanded and reflected, somewhat auriculated at the posterior angle, slightly radially fluted and marked by rather strong concentric in- cremental lines. Inner peristome only moderately expanded, reflected over and adnate to the outer. Breathing pore on the parietal wall near the posterior angle. Operculum with a rather heavy granular cal- careous deposit on the inner two-thirds of the turns. Races of this species are found from La Jagua south to the Costa- nera San Vicente. SrSan Andres Ficure 85.—Distribution of the subspecies of Turrithyra (Turrithyra) deceptor: (1) deceptor; (2) persimilis; (3) vicentensis; (4) scalaris. Distribution of the subspecies of 7. (7.) deceptor is shown in figure 85. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) DECEPTOR Shelliconspicnously.spirally banded 2 ee ee ee eee sealaris Shell not conspicuously spirally banded. Spaces between spiral threads wider than threads. Axial Tbs; paler: than, Sround:.COl Ota se ee vicentensis Axial ribs not paler than’ ground color ===" 22 ee persimilis Spaces between spiral threads not wider than threads____________ deceptor CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 249 TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) DECEPTOR SCALARIS, new subspecies Pirate 14, Ficure 5 This race comes from the Sierra Vinales. Its shell and peristome are pale buff, marked by conspicuous, interrupted spiral bands of brown. The axial ribs and spiral threads here are also considerably stronger than in the other races. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492720, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 21.7 mm; greater diameter, 13.2 mm; lesser diameter, 9.7 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) DECEPTOR VICENTENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 14, FIGURE 7 This race is rather smaller than the others. The shells range in ground color from buff to bright red, and the peristome is equally variable, but regardless of what shade of coloration the shell may present the axial ribs are always paler than the rest of the shell. This easily distinguishes this subspecies from the rest. It occupies the Costanera de San Vicente. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492721, has 5.6 whorls reinaining and measures: Length, 19.5 mm; greater diameter, 10.8 mm; lesser diameter, 7.3 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) DECEPTOR PERSIMILIS, new subspecies PLATE 14, FIGuRE 9 This race comes from Encinar de Alto, frequently called La Mina. Its shell and peristome may be red or soiled white. The red form, while resembling 7’. (7.) deceptor deceptor, as well as the white shells, is easily distinguished from it by having a fewer number and less crowded spiral threads. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468730, has 5.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.2 mm; greater diameter, 13.7 mm; lesser diameter, 9.5 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) DECEPTOR DECEPTOR (Arango) PLATE 14, FIGURE 8 1882. Chondropoma deceptor ARANGO, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 34, p. 105. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) deceptor HENDERSON and BArtscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. This, the northern race of this species, comes from La Jagua, a mogote southwest of the western end of the Sierra San Andrés. It is 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 red-shelled with red peristome and has the spiral threads more nu- merous and closer spaced than the other known subspecies. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 468729, is one of Arango’s eotypes. It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.8 mm; greater diameter, 13.5 mm; lesser diameter, 9.2 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) HAMLINI (Arango) Shell elongate-turreted of pale buff ground color, marked by in- terrupted spiral bands of brown, which may also join to form axial varicial streaks; peristome yellowish white. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, large, strongly inflated and rounded, smooth, except for a few incremental lines on the last part of the last turn. Post- nuclear whorls also somewhat inflated and strongly rounded, marked on the early whorls by very slender, almost lamellar, rather closely spaced riblets, which on the last whorls are less elevated and more threadlike. These riblets extend over the inflated and strongly rounded periphery and base of the last whorl into the umbilicus. In addition to this, the whorls bear slender spiral threads, which at their junction with the axial riblets form conspicuous cusps on the early turns and rounded nodules on the later whorls, while the spaces enclosed between them are more or less squarish areolations. In the umbilicus the spiral threads are stronger than on the spire. Aperture subcireular, peristome double, the outer moderately broadly ex- panded and reflected, somewhat radially fluted and marked with in- cremental lines, the inner less expanded but also reflected and adnate to the outer. Operculum thin, corneous, covered with a minutely granulose calcareous deposit. Breathing pore on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture. This species, as far as known, is restricted to the mogotes ranging about Kilometer 14, between Pinar del Rio and Luis Lazo. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF TURITHYRA (TURITHYRA) HAMLINI Cusps formed by junction of axial and spiral sculpture strong on laters WOTIS’* 2 24.55 oe 52a ee es See one eee ee xilaensis Cusps formed by junction of axial and spiral sculpture not strong on later whorls. Dots of spiral bands usually forming axial bandsz_-__--_______ cerroensis Dots of spiral bands usually not forming axial bands_____________ hamlini TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) HAMLINI XILAENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 13, Figure 7 This subspecies comes from Mogote de la Vega de Xila Couret near Mogote del Cerra. It differs from the other two in having the cusps formed by the junction of the axial and spiral sculpture much stronger on the later whorls; also in being paler and in having CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 251 the spots of the interrupted spiral bands very small and distantly spaced. The spiral threads in the unbilicus are also much weaker. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367902, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.7 mm; greater diameter, 7.3 mm;_ lesser diameter. 6.2 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) HAMLINI CERROENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 13, F1iGguRE 6 In this subspecies, which comes from a mogote removed only a short distance from that occupied by 7. (7.) hamlini hamlini, the interrupted spiral bands have the dots so broad and arranged in axial series and confluent that the shells appear more axially streaked than spirally banded. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468731, has 4.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.5 mm; greater diameter, 8.3 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. TURRITHYRA (TURRITHYRA) HAMLINI HAMLINI (Arango) PLATE 13, FIGURE 5 1882. Chondropoma hamlini ARANGoO, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 34, p. 105. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) hamlini Henperson and BarrscH, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. In this race, which comes from the Mogote Cabrera on the north side of the road at Kilometer 14, between Pinar del Rio and Luis Lazo, the interrupted spiral bands, while arranged in axial series, do not fuse to form axial varicial streaks. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492722, has 4.8 whorls remain- ing and measures: Length, 15.4 mm; greater diameter, 8.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. The animal is flesh-color, with a smoky suffusion. The faint pink- ish flush shines through the forehead. The foot is medially cleft. Locomotion of the two sides is alternate. TURRIPOMA, new subgenus Those Turrithyras that have no breathing pore, whose peristomes are narrow and uncut. Type: Turrithyra (Turripoma) bermudezi, new species. TURRITHYRA (TURRIPOMA) BERMUDEZI, new species PLATE 13, FIGURE 2 Shell elongate-turreted, pale brown, marked by axial zones of dark brown. Nuclear whorls 2, rather large, decidedly inflated, strongly 252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls also inflated and strongly rounded, marked by numerous, retractively slanting, axial threads, which increase in strength with the whorls and form slender nodules where they join the much stronger spiral cords. The latter are of less than half the width of the spaces that separate them. Suture well constricted with white tufts of axial ribs crenulating them. Periphery and base inflated, strongly rounded; sculptured like the spire. Base openly umbilicated. Last whorl solute for one-tenth ofaturn. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the cuter more broadly expanded on the inner lip than on the outer; inner peristome slightly expanded and reflected, adnate to the outer. There is no breathing pore. Operculum thin, corneus, with excentric nucleus covered on the inner half by a coarsely granular calcareous deposit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367904, was collected by Dr. Bermudez on palms at the Cueva del Catre, Sierra del Paso Real de Guane. It has 5.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 7.4 mm; lesser diameter, 6.3 mm. Genus CHONDROTHYRA Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondrothyra HENpDERSON and Barrscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 63. Shell varying from ovate-conic to elongate-conic; marked by axial and spiral threads. Peristome broadly expanded in one plane; that is, not notched or inbent at the umbilicus. The breathing pore perfo- rates the parietal wall a little behind the peristome and a little ante- rior to the posterior angle of the aperture. Operculum typically chondropomoid. Type: Cyclostoma egregium (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS CHONDROTHYRA Outer peristome of inner lip without fold or pit. Last whorl decidedly solute and descending_______________ Hendersonoma Last whorl not decidedly solute or descending __--_________ Chondrothyra Outer peristome of inner lip with fold or pit. Outer peristome of inner lip witha fold-_2 "2 2s Plicathyra Outer peristome of inner lip, with ia pit.2_ Sues ee eee Foveothyra HENDERSONOMA, new subgenus Chondrothyra of gigantic size, with the last whorl decidedly solute for a tenth of a turn and descending. Peristome double, the outer thick, moderately expanded and reflected, much narrower on the parietal wall than on the rest of the aperture, somewhat channeled at the posterior ‘angle. Inner peristome thick, narrowly expanded, reflected, and adnate to the outer. The large size, solute and descending last whorl, and the fact that the outer peristome of the parietal wall is decidedly free from CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 253. the preceding whorl make this quite distinct from the other Chon- drothyras. Type: Chondrothyra (Hendersonoma) percrassa (Wright) Pfeiffer. CHONDROTHYRA (HENDERSONOMA) PERCRASSA (Wright) Pfeiffer PLATE 15, FIGURE 6 1864. Licina? percrassa (WRIGHT) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 1. pp. 157. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) percrassa HenDERSON and BartscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 63. Shell gigantic, chestnut-brown, the last whorl a little paler. Nuclear whorls unknown. Postnuclear whorls inflated, well rounded, marked by moderately strong spiral threads, which become enfeebled on the last whorl. These threads are a little narrower than the spaces that separate them. The axial sculpture consists of slender threads on the early postnuclear whorls, which become mere lines of growth on the middle whorls. On the last, faint axial impressed lines at more or less regular intervals are present that in combination with the reduced spiral sculpture lend 2 somewhat malleated effect to its sur- face. Suture well constricted. Periphery and base inflated, well rounded, the latter marked like the spire but with the sculpture still more reduced. The last whorl is decidedly solute and descending for about one-tenth of a turn. Aperture large, ovate, slightly channeled at the posterior angles. Peristome double, thick, the outer moderately broadly expanded and reflected on all but the parietal wall where it is narrow, somewhat fluted and marked with concentric threads; the inner is also thick, reflected and adnate to the outer. A breathing pore is present on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture, a little behind the edge of the peristome. Operculum unknown. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492739, was collected by Wright ; it has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 42.0 mm; greater diameter, 27.0 mm; lesser diameter, 21.4 mm. This species Pfeiffer states was collected by Wright at “Luis Lazo, Vuelta Abajo.” Arango, on the other hand,* says: “En la cima de las montanas de Luis Lazo.” It is to be hoped that this most magnificent form, the largest of all Cuban annularids, may soon be rediscovered and that the place we have assigned it in our present classification may prove correct. Subgenus CHONDROTHYRA Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondrothyra HENDERSON and BarrtrscH, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 63. Shell elongate-ovate, openly umbilicate, varying in color from white through wax yellow, orange, brown, and even purplish, uni- ?Contribucion a la fauna maltacologica Cubana, p. 19, 1878. 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 color, axially or spirally banded or both. Peristome broadly ex- panded in one plane, not cut on the inner lip, radiatingly fluted, marked by concentric lines of growth. Breathing pore present on the parietal wall, near the posterior angle of the aperture a little behind its edge. Operculum thin, usually covered more or less with a fine granular calcareous deposit. Type: Chondropoma egregia (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROTHYRA Peristome white or yellowish. Shell stout. Greater diameter more’ than) 17mm 2) eee - rutila Greater) diametersless;thanal(mm=22 22 ee eee egregia Shell not stout. Generalcolor chestnut-brown= 22222) 222 eee eee subegregia General color not chestnut-brown. General color various: but not) browne eee tosta Peristome not white or yellowish. Peristome: blackishe brown == Sse eal eee eee atristoma CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) RUTILA, new species Shell large, elongate-ovate, with the whorls rather gibbous, with the apex and peristome white; the latter with or without dark radi- ating rays and axial band behind the peristome. The rest of the shell may be plain brilliant orange or clouded with dark axial zones, as well as spiral markings. Aperture large, broadly oval; peristome double, the outer broadly expanded, radiatingly fluted and marked with concentric laminae, the inner moderately expanded and ex- serted and adnate to the outer. Operculum thin, corneous, covered with a thick deposit of calcareous granules, which are heaviest on the inner margin and become less dense outwardly, disappearing before reaching the edge. This species occupies the Mogote El Queque and the little mogote of Martin Miranda. This differs from the red forms of Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) tosta in having the sculpture finer. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) RUTILA SHE eINIC OGTR Sst ae ull ene hy ot DL ger ee Ce ee rutila SENDA CLO TC cca a eS Tere ee nebulosa. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) RUTILA RUTILA, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIGURE 3 Shell brilliant orange with a more or less strongly developed dark axial zone behind the peristome. The back of the peristome with CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 255 spiral rays, which may or may not show on the face of the peristome. The face of the peristome is pale yellow. Some specimens show a tendency toward interrupted spiral bands on the base. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468735, which comes from the Mogote El Queque, is a complete specimen having 7.8 whorls and measuring: Length, 29.7 mm; greater diameter, 17.8 mm; lesser diameter, 12.7 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) RUTILA NEBULOSA, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIGURE 10 This subspecies, which comes from the small mogote Martin Miranda in the Palmarito, Vinales, near El Queque, has the ground color also orange, but this is decidedly clouded with axial streaks of blackish brown, and there is a tendency to spiral banding on the last whorl. A zone of more or less confluent spots is present on the sum- mit of the whorls. The peristome is pale yellow and faintly radiat- ingly rayed. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468736, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 28.7 mm; greater diameter, 18.4 mm; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm. The dark clouding readily distinguishes this subspecies from the other. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) EGREGIA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 16, FiaureEs 7, 9 1856. Cyclostoma egregium (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 3, pp. 88-39. 1856. Chondropoma egregium PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 3, p. 134. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) egregium HENDERSON and BarTScH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 63. Shell broadly ovate-conic, with the apex and the broadly expanded peristome white to pale yellow, the latter usually marked with radial streaks of brown on the outside. The rest of the shell may be orange or blackish brown; shells of both of these colors are present in the same colony. The shells may or may not be spirally banded. Nuclear whorls almost 2, rather small, well rounded, smooth except for micro- scopic granulations. The postnuclear whorls are somewhat inflated, well rounded. The first postnuclear whorl shows the beginning of the spiral threads which increase in number and strength as the shell advances in growth. In addition to these spiral threads, the whorls are marked by retractively curved axial threads, which are finer than the spiral and render the latter minutely granulose at their junction. The granuloseness becomes decidedly reduced on the last 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 whorl. On this and the whorl preceding, the pits between the axial and spiral sculpture give the shell a somewhat reticulated pattern. Suture moderately constricted, rendered slightly serrulate by the riblets on the summit of the turns, which form here a slender pale zone. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer decidedly flaringly expanded, slightly channeled at the posterior angle and marked by radial flutings and slender concentric laminae. The inner is but slightly expanded and reflected and adnate to the outer. Operculum thin, with the excentric nucleus covered by a calcareous granular deposit, which is arranged in a somewhat corrugated pat- tern, in which the corrugations have a retractive slant. This species comes from Hato Caimito west of Pan de Guajaibon. The specimens figured are U.S.N.M. no. 468692. The dark per- fect individual figured has 7.1 whorls and measures: Length, 27.7 mm; greater diameter, 16.5 mm; lesser diameter, 11.5 mm. Of this species Gundlach (loc. cit., p. 184) says that the animal is pale rose-red, with the edge of the foot paler and the tentacles uniformly red. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) SUBEGREGIA, new species Shell elongate-ovate, orange or pale brown, with the peristome pale yellow, unicolor or marked with axial streaks of brown, which some- times form slight fulgurations. Peristome wax yellow, conspic- uously rayed with brown on the outer surface and sometimes on the inner. The early whorls are decollated in all our specimens. The postnuclear whorls are marked by slender spiral threads, which are less than half the width of the spaces that separate them, and re- tractively slanting axial threads of about the same strength, which on the last whorl, however, become quite evanescent. Suture well con- stricted, with the merest indication of denticulations at the summit of the whorls. Periphery and base inflated, well rounded, the latter umbilicated and marked lke the spire. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer very broadly expanded, thin, decidedly lamellose and somewhat radially fluted, tending to the formation of a channel at the broadly expanded portion, which is reflected to partly close the umbilicus. Operculum thin with excentric nucleus covered by a heavy deposit of calcareous granules on the inner three- fourths, which is laid down in a more or less corrugated pattern. There are two races of this species known: One from the Mogote de la Jagua and the other from the Sierra San Andrés. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) SUBEGREGIA Surface shining; peristome radiatingly rayed_______-_______-______ subegregia Surface dull; peristome not radiatingly rayed________________________ paterna CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 257 CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) SUBEGREGIA SUBEGREGIA, new subspecies PLATE 16, FicurE 4 This race, which comes from the Mogote de la Jagua, has the shell smaller and considerably brighter and more shining in color than C. (@.) subegregia paterna. It also has the outer expanded peri- stome conspicuously marked with radiating brown zones. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367838, has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.3 mm; greater diameter, 17.7 mm;_ lesser diameter, 12.1 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) SUBEGREGIA PATERNA, new subspecies PLATE 16, FicuRe 5 This race comes from the Sitio de la Sierra San Andrés. It differs from the preceding in having a duller surface and in being almost always without radiating brown zones on the outer peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367842, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 28.0 mm; greater diameter, 19.3 mm; lesser diameter, 12.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) TOSTA, new species Shell ovate-conic, varying in color from white through wax yellow to orange to red, unicolor or banded, always with a dark zone behind the peristome, except 0. (@.) tosta lactea, which is pure white. Nuclear whorls almost 2, inflated, strongly rounded, microscopically granulose. Postnuclear whorls marked by rather strong spiral threads and a little less strong and more closely spaced retractively slanting axial threads, which are most conspicuous between the spiral threads and render these minutely nodulose at their junction. The spaces enclosed between the axial and spiral threads are more or less rec- tangular, having their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. Suture well constricted. The summit of the whorls being tightly appressed to the preceding turn, leaves an indication of a little narrow band, which is rendered feebly developed by the axial riblets. It should be understood that this is largely a mere indication. Periphery and base of the last whorl inflated and strongly rounded, the latter umbilicate and marked by the same type of sculpture as that which characterizes the spire. Aperture broadly oval, slightly angulated at the junction of the parietal wall with the outer lip, double. The outer broadly flaringly expanded, radially fluted and marked by feeble con- centric laminae; the inner also expanded and appressed to the outer. Operculum thin, corneous, covered with a rather heavy deposit of 66879—38——_5 258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 calcareous granules, which thins out toward the edge, leaving an uncovered zone on the outer fourth. The animal of @. (C.) tosta tosta taken on the north side of the Chorrera near Banos San Vicente, was described by Bartsch in 1928, as follows: Animal short, smoky gray, paler around the base of the tentacles and the anterior portion of the snout. Tentacles coral-red, becoming paler toward the base. Foot longitudinally medially cleft. Locomotion alternate on the two sides. The animal of @. (C.) tosta lactea also was described by Bartsch, as follows: Animal! short, ashy gray; tentacles coral-red, brownish at the tip, flesh-colored at the base. That of C. (C.) tosta hesperia, Bartsch described as follows: Body smoky gray, with the base of the tentacles and the edge of the snout flesh-color. The tentacles pass from flesh-color to pale brown to orange, the latter color constituting the major portion. It suspends itself by a mucous thread. This species ranges from the Sierra de la Chorrera westward through the Organ Mountains to Pan de Azucar and the Sierra del Infierno. We must, however, except the Mogote El Queque and the Ensenada Palmaritas, where C. (C.) rutila holds forth. Through this range the species breaks up into a series of subspecies, which the following key wil! help to differentiate: Distribution of the subspecies of C. (@.) tosta is shown in figure 86. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) TOSTA Axial dark zone behind peristome present. Ground color white or pale yellow. Shellsmoderately: stout 26 2-5 ee ee ee ee tosta sel Slender s.5 a2 Sie ee oe ae ee eee hesperia Ground color not white or pale yellow. Ground color bright yellow or orange. Rintire shell: yellow: or orange .!0 26-222 Sse ee eee aurantia Entire shell not yellow or orange. Last half whorl only deeply colored_________________ pertosta Axial dark zone behind peristome absent--22-.. 2 ee lactea CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) TOSTA TOSTA, new subspecies PLATE 15, FIGURES 2, 7 In this race, which inhabits the Ensenada de los Banos San Vi- cente, including the Sierra San Vicente, part of the Chorrera and part of the Sierra Vinales, the ground color is white or faintly yellowish. There is always a dark band even in the white shells immediately behind the peristome, which shines through the sub- stance of the shell and tints the outer lip of the aperture at this place. The shells may also be banded with spiral zones of brown. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 259 There is a particular tendency toward this on the Chorrera, where we frequently find shells with a brown band at the summit, one at the periphery and one on the middle of the base. Ficure 86.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chrondrothyra (Chondrothyra) tosta: (1) pertosta; (2) tosta; (3) lactea; (4) aurantia; (5) hesperia. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492725, has 4.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.5 mm; greater diameter, 16.4 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.8 mm. This was collected at Banos San Vicente. We are also figuring a banded specimen from the Chorrera at Banos San Vicente. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) TOSTA HESPERIA, new subspecies PLATE 15, FIGURE 4 This subspecies, which comes from Pan de Azucar, resembles typ- ical (. (C.) tosta but is smaller. The shells are white, with a dark axial zone behind the peristome. The last whorl behind this dark zone has a tendency toward becoming orange. This is usually faint although occasionally a specimen is found which is a little more pronouncecly orange. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492727, has 4.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length 24.5 mm; greater diameter, 16.1 mm; lesser diam- eter, 10.4 mm. 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) TOSTA AURANTIA, new subspecies PLATE 15, FIGURE 1 Ground color yellow or orange, with a conspicuous dark axial zone behind the peristome. The early whorls are always darker red than those immediately succeeding them. In most instances there is a broad zone of almost confluent spots at the summit. This, however, may be absent. This race comes from the Sierras Ja Penitencia and Infierno and the mogotes near there. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468734, comes from El Cuajani between Ja Penitencia and El Infierno. It has 4.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 25.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.1 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) TOSTA PERTOSTA, new subspecies PLATE 15, FIGURE 8 This race comes from the Hoyo de Jaruco at the summit of the southeastern part of the Sierra de la Chorrera. In it we have the shells much more brilliantly colored than in the typical race; that is, the early postnuclear whorls are yellow and the last one gradually changes to deep orange and finally to the purplish-black banding behind the peristome. There may be also faint axial streaks or stronger markings of dark. The race is also somewhat smaller than the typical one. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367837, has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.0 mm; greater diameter, 15.6 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.2 mm. This subspecies, while it resembles in a way C. (C.) tosta auran- tia, is easily distinguished from this by its less orange coloration and the concentration of the red color to the last part of the last whorl. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) TOSTA LACTEA, new subspecies PLATE 15, FIGURE 5 This subspecies, which comes from the Sierra del Abra, is pure white. There is not the faintest indication of a dark band behind the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492726, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.8 mm; greater diameter, 17.6 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.4 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 261 CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) ATRISTOMA, new species Shell elongate-ovate, with the tip and peristome blackish brown, the rest of the shell varying in the different subspecies from white through pale brown to dark brown. Interrupted spiral bands and axial streaks may or may not be present in some of the subspecies. Nuclear whorls almost 2, small, well rounded, smooth except for micro- scopic granulations. Postnuclear whorls moderately inflated, well rounded, marked by retractively curved, slender, rather closely spaced, axial threads and spiral threads a little stronger than the axial. The junction of the two form minute nodules, while the spaces enclosed between them are more or less rectangular pits. The axial riblets become reduced on the last whorl. Suture moderately constricted with scarcely any indication of crenulations at the summit of the whorls. Periphery and base inflated and strongly rounded, the latter openly umbilicated and marked by the same type of sculpture that characterizes the spire. Aperture very broadly oval, slightly angu- lated posteriorly. Peristome double, the outer broadly expanded with a slight tendency to the formation of a channel at the umbilical region, which the broadly expanded peristome partly covers. The outer peri- stome is radially fluted and marked by concentric laminae. The inner peristome is slightly exserted and slightly reflected. Operculum thin with excentric nucleus covered with a rather heavy finely granu- lose deposit on the inner three-fourths of the turns. This species appears peculiar to the Sierra San Andrés and the mogotes to the south of it. We know at the present time three markedly distinct races, which the following key will help to differentiate: Distribution of the subspecies of C. (C@.) atristoma is shown in figure 87. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) ATRISTOMA Shell, except tip and peristome, chestnut-brown_---_--_--_---________ umbrata Shell, except tip and peristome, horn-color_-_-_---_--_--_--_--______ atristoma Shell: except tip and peristome, white_+.____=-__- =. 5 luctifera CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) ATRISTOMA UMBRATA, new subspecies PLATE 16, FIGURE 3 The early remaining postnuclear whorls dark blackish brown, which gradually changes to chestnui-brown on the later turns. The peri- tome is dark blackish brown, with a little paler spot on the parietal wall near the posterior angle. The sculpture is that of the species, but the lamellae on the outer peristome are particularly strong here. This race comes from Pico Grande, Sierra San Andrés. 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468695, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 23.1 mm; greater diameter, 16.2 mm; lesser diameter, 11.4 mm. Sr. San Andres FIGURE 87.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyra (Chondrothyra) atristoma: (1) wmbrata; (2) luctifera; (3) atristoma, CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) ATRISTOMA ATRISTOMA, new subspecies PLATE 16, FicurRe 1 Shell broadly ovate, the first fraction of the first whorl white, the rest of the nuclear turns and the three first postnuclear turns dark blackish brown. The remaining postnuclear whorls dark horn-brown, frequently with an interrupted zone of spots near the summit and on the base. The broadly expanded peristome and the outer edge of the inside of the peristome purplish, blackish brown, except for a little spot on the parietal wall near the posterior angle, which is paler. The sculpture is that characteristic of the species. This race comes from the Abra de Bejarano, Mogote El Canalete. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468693, a perfect specimen, has 7.1 whorls and measures: Length, 27.8 mm; greater diameter, 16.9 mm; lesser diameter, 11.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (CHONDROTHYRA) ATRISTOMA LUCTIFERA, new subspecies PLATE 16, F1icuRE 2 In this subspecies the tip of the shell is dark and so is the peristome, while the rest of the shell is white or pale yellowish, giving it a de- cidedly mourning effect. The sculpture is that typical of the species. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 263 This race comes from Mogote del Canalete, south of the Sierra San Andrés. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468697, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 21.6 mm; greater diameter, 14.2 mm; lesser diameter, 9.9 mm. PLICATHYRA, new subgenus Shell similar to Chondrothyra as far as general shape and sculpture are concerned, differing markedly from this, however, by having the outer peristome of the inner lip so bent as to form a fold. Type: Chondrothyra (Plicathyra) uniplicata, new species. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS PLICATHYRA Shell elongate-ovate. Shell dark and rather heavy. sculpture of last whorlstrong. 2-2 os. 47 2225 uniplicata Sculpture of Jast whorl deeblelss 2-824 2S_ 2 ee crassa Sheligpale and rather= thin = ses tee ee we ee Se ee ee ee wrighti CHONDROTHYRA (PLICATHYRA) UNIPLICATA, new species PLATE 16, FIGURE 6 Shell large, elongate-ovate, rather thin. Nuclear whorls buff. Post- nuclear whorls chestnut-brown, except the peristome and the margin of the lip, which are white. Nuclear whorls 2, strongly rounded, smooth except for microscopic granules and the beginning of the spi- ral threads on the last portion of the last whorl. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by spiral threads and retractively curved axial riblets, which become a little weaker and more closely spaced as the shell increases in size. The junctions of these two ele- ments form small nodules, which are strongest on the middle whorls, while the spaces enclosed between them are squarish on the early whorls and oblong on the last whorl where their long axis coincides with the axial sculpture. The summit of the whorls is appressed and usually shows as a pale line. Periphery and base inflated, well rounded. On the latter the axial and spiral sculpture are both stronger than on the spire. The base is half openly umbilicated. Aperture broadly oval, slightly angulated posteriorly. Peristome double, the outer broadly expanded, somewhat channeled at the pos- terior angle, more than double the width of that of the outer lip on the posterior half of the inner lip, somewhat radially fluted and marked with strongly developed, wavy, concentric lamellae. The middle of the outer peristome of the inner lip is bent by a partial fold. Inner peristome somewhat exserted and slightly expanded. Operculum thin, corneous, covered with a heavy deposit of calcareous granules, which extend to its edge. 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468739, comes from the large mogote at Cayo San Felipe. It is a perfect specimen having 6.8 whorls and measures: Length, 24.8 mm; greater diameter, 14.4 mm; lesser diam- eter, 10.7 mm. The animal of this species is ash-gray, with the tentacles coral- red, their base being a little paler, gradually passing into flesh-color at their origin. Snout flesh-color at tip. Sole of foot flesh-color with smoky suffusion. Foot medially longitudinally cleft; motion of the two sides alternate. This species resembles certain forms of Chondrothyretes (Chondro- thyretes) reticulata, but the absence of a definite cut in the inner lip of the outer peristome and open umbilicus easily mark its distinction. CHONDROTHYRA (PLICATHYRA) CRASSA, new species PLATE 15, Ficure 3 Shell large (early whorls unknown) ; peristome double, the inner slightly exserted, somewhat expanded; the outer strongly expanded and radiately fluted, the inner lip broader than the outer and adnate to the preceding whorl. The color varies from unicolor yellowish white to dark chestnut-brown, or it may be spirally banded or inter- ruptedly so; in the latter case there is usually an axial arrangement of spots as well as a spiral. Operculum typically chondropomoid. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367848, has 3.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 31.9 mm; greater diameter, 22.0 mm; lesser diam- eter, 16.0 mm. This species comes from the high summits of the Sierra San Carlos between Luiz Lazo and Sumidero. Its large size will readily distin- guish it from C. (P.) uniplicata, its nearest ally. CHONDROTHYRA (PLICATHYRA) WRIGHTI, new species PLATE 16, Ficure 8 Shell rather large, thin, of pale-yellow ground color with numerous interrupted spiral bands of brown, which are also arranged in axial series. These bands are present on both spire and base. The axial arrangement is slightly retractive. The early whorls are decollated in the unique type. Suture feebly denticulated by the axial riblets but well constricted. Periphery strongly rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded. The remaining whorls are slightly inflated, well rounded, and marked by fine, retractively slanting, closely spaced, axial threads, which are about half as wide as the spaces that sep- arate them, and spiral lirations, which are slightly stronger than the axial threads and a little more distantly spaced. The junction of these two elements forms weak nodules, while the spaces enclosed CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 265 between them are more or less squarish or rectangular shallow pits. This sculpture holds good also for the base, except that here the axial threads become a little more approximated and the spiral lira- tions are a little stronger. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome dou- ble, the inner slightly excavated, reflected and adnate to the outer, which is very broadly flaringly expanded, slightly fluted and marked by slender concentric lamellae. The outer peristome on the inner lip is reflected in its middle to form a fold, not cut. Posterior to this it is reflected over the base so as to almost close the umbilicus, leav- ing only a narrow chink. On the parietal wall the inner lip extends partly on the base and forms somewhat of an auricle at its junction with the outer lip at the posterior angle. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 10981, was collected by Wright at La Guira, a place east of the Sierra San Carlos. It has 4.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 27.4 mm; greater diameter, 17.8 mm; lesser diameter, 12.6 mm. 5 X Herradura FIGURE 88.—Distribution of the species and subspecies of Foveothyra: (1) C. (F.) foveata foveata; (2) foveata toroensis ; (3) cumbrensis cumbrensis ; (4) cumbrensis catharina ; {5) natensoni. FOVEOTHYRA, new subgenus Shell like Chonodrothyra, but with the posterior part of the outer peristome of the inner lip punched into the umbilicus, thus forming here a decided pit. Type: Chondrothyra (Foveothyra) foveata (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. Distribution of the species and subspecies of the subgenus Foveo- thyra is shown in figure 88. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS FOVEOTHYRA shellimore: than, 23/0) mm in Jeneth. 3-22 = foveata shell Jess than 15.0 mm in length_-.._-..-_2_- === natensoni NhelietG=19 mmmsin Jeneths 8 ee ee cumbrensis 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) FOVEATA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell elongate-conic, white or orange, unicolor or faintly spirally banded. Peristome white or pale yellow. Nuclear whorls almost 2, inflated, strongly rounded, smooth except for fine microscopic granules. Postnuclear whorls also inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by closely spaced, very slender, sublamellar, retractively slanting, axial riblets, which are about one-half the width or less than the spaces that separate them and which render the summits of the whorls minutely crenulated. The spiral sculpture consists of threads of about the same strength as the axial lamellae, but not so elevated, which are of almost the same spacing as the axial riblets. The junction of the spiral threads with the axial riblets renders the latter slightly sinuose and minutely nodulose. Suture well con- stricted; periphery and base inflated, strongly rounded, the latter marked like the spire with the spiral threads a trifle stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly oval, slightly angulated posteri- orly. Peristome double; the outer very broadly flaringly expanded and marked by poorly developed radial flutings and very slender, weak, concentric lamellae. On the parietal wall this outer peristome is inpinched, and over the umbilical region it is deeply pittedly im- pressed, completely closing and plugging the umbilicus. The inner peristome is slightly exserted and adnate to the outer, projecting only a trifle above this. Operculum thin, corneous with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules, which become thinner toward the margin, vanishing before reaching this. This species comes from Santa Cruz de las Pinas and El Toro, Sierra de Limones. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) FOVEATA SOT SGI Ores ee ha Se ET ee nL oe foveata DSTO TIS ta ate oe ee et os het ef tS toroensis CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) FOVEATA FOVEATA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 17, FIGURE 9 1863. Chondropoma foveatum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 10, pp. 185-186. 1920. Chrondrothyra (Chondrothyretes) foveatum HENDERSON and BarrscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. This subspecies is pale wax yellow with white peristome, marked by obscure interrupted spiral lines of brown. The peristome is much slenderer than in the next species and has the whorls less inflated and the sculpture considerably reduced on the last whorl and not nearly so prominent on all the whorls. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 267 It comes from Rio Santa Cruz de los Pinas. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492728, lacks the nuclear whorls. It has 5.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.3 mm; greater diameter, 15.9 mm; lesser diameter, 9.6 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) FOVEATA TOROENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 17, Ficure 11 In this race, which comes from El Toro of the Sierra de Limones, the shell is pale chestnut-brown, with the peristome pale yellow. Faint interrupted spiral lines of brown are present also. The whorls in this race are much more inflated than in the typical race, and the sculpture is In every way much stronger and more pronounced. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492729, has 4.8 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 23.5 mm; greater diameter, 15.8 mm; lesser diameter, 10.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) NATENSONI, new species PLATE 17, FIauRE 8 Shell small, elongate-ovate, pale yellow, with faint interrupted spiral bands. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth, marked with microscopic granulations. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by retractively slanting, sublamellar axial riblets, which are somewhat thickened at the summit and render this slightly crenulated. These threads are rather closely spaced, being about half as wide as the spaces that separate them on the last turn. In addition to this, the whorls are marked by slender spiral threads, which are less than half the width of the spaces that separate them. These render the axial riblets shghtly sinuose and feebly nodulose. This sculpture also obtains on the inflated and well-rounded base. Operculum oval; peristome double, the outer flaringly expanded, deeply pitted at the umbilical region and forming a channel on the parietal wall between the inner lip and the parietal wall. The inner peristome is exserted and slightly reflected. Operculum paucispiral, thin, covered with a thick granular calcareous deposit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468738, was collected by Natenson at the Entronque de Herradura. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.2 mm; greater diameter, 9.3 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. The small size will easily distinguish this from the other species. CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTRYRA) CUMBRENSIS, new species Shell ovate, wax yellow with interrupted spiral bands of brown. The nuclear whorls are decollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked with sublamellar, retrac- 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 tively slanting, axial riblets, which develop into slender cusps at the appressed summit and fine spiral threads, which render the axial rib- lets slightly sinuose and somewhat thickened at their junction. This sculpture extends over the inflated, strongly rounded, periphery and base. Aperture ovate, slightly angulated posteriorly. Peristome double, the outer very broadly flaringly expanded, somewhat radially fluted and marked with concentric lines of growth; the inner de- eidedly exserted, scarcely at all reflected. The space between the parietal wall and the inner peristome is rather broad and is covered by the outer peristome which is here inpinched to form a decided channel, terminating in the deep pit, which plugs the umbilicus. Operculum paucispiral, covered with a rather heavy calcareous gran- ular deposit, which thins out toward the edge and disappears be- fore reaching this. This species differs from (. (F.) foveata in being shorter and more ovate and in having the space between the inner lip and the parietal wall much more deeply impressed. It comes from La Cumbre Mountain and from Los Cayitos la Catalina north of San Diego Banos, the two localities representing distinct subspecies, which the following key will help to differen- tiate: KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) CUMBRENSIS anterrupted. spiral bands very strong2. oe eee cumbrensis interrupted: ‘spiral bands: feeble. 2-2-1 Las st eae eee catharina CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) CUMBRENSIS CUMBRENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIcuRE 6 Shell varying considerably in size with the whorls inflated, strong- ly rounded, and marked by rather pronounced interrupted spiral zones on spire and base. These zones are also conspicuous on the outer peristome of the last whorl, which here is unusually broad. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492730, was collected by John B. Hender- son in the Sierra la Cumbre. It has 4.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 182 mm; greater diameter, 14.2 mm; lesser di- ameter, 9.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRA (FOVEOTHYRA) CUMBRENSIS CATHARINA, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIGURE 7 This race averages smaller with the interrupted spiral bands nar- rower and fainter and scarcely indicated on the outer peristome. The umbilical pit here is unusually deep. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 269 The type, U.S.N.M. no, 468737, comes from Los Cayitos la Catalina north of San Diego Banos. It has 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.2 mm; greater diameter, 11.7 mm; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. Genus CHONDROTHYRETES Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyretes) HENDERSON and BarrscH, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. Shell varying from ovate-conic to ovate-turreted, marked with axial and spiral threads. Aperture varying from ovate to subcircular; peristome double, the outer usually broadly expanded and reflected, always deeply cut on the inner lip, with the part posterior to the cut reflected over the umbilicus, which is completely or almost com- pletely closed ; inner peristome short, reflected and adnate to the outer. A breathing pore is present, which may open directly to the exterior or through a connecting channel communicating with the exterior by way of the hollow truncated axis. Operculum paucispiral with ex- centric nucleus covered to a varying degree with a deposit of fine calcareous granules. Type: Chondrothyretes shuttleworthi (Pfeiffer). The main distribution of the members of this genus falls into Pinar del Rio Province; a few species, however, extend eastward into Havana Province. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GENUS CHONDROTHYRETES Shells of medium size, thin. Outer peristome of inner lip, above cut, pressed into umbilicus--__ impressa Outer peristome of inner lip, above cut, not pressed into TIM DLC Stee ss ee ee eee eee delectabilis Shell large and heavy. Spiral sculpture decidedly stronger than axial. Hydrophanous: axial streaks present_-<==- 2222-2 22 affinis Hydrophanous axial streaks absent. Axial sculpture of last whorl quite strong__-_-_--___-~--_ gundlachi Axial sculpture of last whorl feeble. --2-2=2_c2u2.+___=_ parilis Spiral sculpture not decidedly stronger than axial. Junctions of axial riblets and spiral threads forming prom- inent nodules. Outer lip conspicuously rayed._-_---_— --=--__-=___-__- tenebrata Outer lip motzconspicuouslysrayed = 25282 sss. reticulata Junctions of axial riblets and spiral threads not forming prominent nodules. Axial and spiral sculpture moderately strong. Outer peristome thin, broadly expanded. Shell Sponderou Sse 2s ee ee barbouri Shell’ not ponderouss2222 22222) ee ees shuttleworthi Outer peristome thickened, not broadly expanded__ incrassate Axigl and spiral sculpture obsolete-=-==-=—=—==-- = 22 cerina 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES SHUTTLEWORTHI (Pfeiffer) Pfeiffer, in describing Cyclostoma shuttleworthi, does not mention a type locality for his species, but in his reference to it in the Mono- graphia pneumonopomorum in 1852, page 295, he states that his specimen was in the Cumings Museum. His figure in Martini- Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, plate 36, figure 7, and also the descrip- tion on pages 265-266, leave no doubt in our minds that this specimen as one of the San Diego Banos complex. Poey, in describing Cyelos- toma verecundum in his Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, volume 1, pages 102-103, says that his specimens were received from D. Jose Maria Velasquez who collected them at San Diego de los Banos. Henderson and Simpson’s exhaustive collecting in the region of San Diego Banos in 1913, Bartsch’s in 1928, as well as the more recent collecting by Bermudez, Aguayo, and Natenson, have resulted in the accumulation of a mass of material with definite localities, which en- able us to fairly adequately understand the distribution of this species and its breaking up into a definite series of zoogeographic races, which we are designating as subspecies, These here, as elsewhere, have their definite physical limitations and are undoubtedly segregation products, the results of erosion and the isolation caused thereby. The species is confined to the Pinar del Rio Province and ranges from San Diego Banos northward to the Sierra la Cumbre and La Catalina, east of the Rio San Diego. It extends westward through the mogotes facing the Sierra la Guira, as well as this sierra, then westward through the Sierra Guacamayas, and from there southward to Mogote Mamey. Shell ovate, varying from medium to rather large in size, varying in ground color from flesh-color, through straw-color, through yellow to orange and brown in different individuals, always with some spiral markings. These may constitute definite bands or interrupted lines, which if seeming absent are at least expressed as rays upon the ex- panded peristome. The interrupted spiral markings are at times so arranged as to constitute axial zones. Nuclear whorls about 2, inflated, strongly rounded, smooth except the last portion of the last whorl, which shows the feeble beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. A small dark patch marks the suture of the first nuclear turn. Post- nuclear whorls inflated, gibbose, marked by numerous, about equal, and equally spaced axial and spiral threads, which in one group of subspecies retain their strength on the last turn, while in another group we find the axial threads decidedly reduced. Suture moderately CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 27] constricted with but the merest suggestion of obsolete denticulations at the summit of the whorls. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base rather short, inflated, and rounded and marked like the spire. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the inner slightly exserted and reflected ; the outer broadly flaringly expanded, fluted, and marked by concentric threads, cut in the middle of the inner lip almost to the inner peristome, the posterior half being reflected over the umbili- cus and parietal wall as a strong callus; parietal wall also covered with an extensive callus. Operculum paucispiral with excentric nucleus, having the last whorl covered with a heavy granular cal- careous deposit. Of the animal we have the following notes: Of C. shuttleworthi shuttleworthi the sides of body, sole of foot, and tip of snout are pale smoky gray, the upper portion being darker. Base of tentacles surrounded by a white ring, the rest crimson; the lateral edges of the expanded tip are smoky. Sole of foot medially cleft; locomotion of the two sides alternate. The animal of C. shuttleworthi portica is smoky gray with a buff tinge, the edge and sole of the foot pale buff, which is also the color of the tip of the snout. Tentacles with a flesh-colored ring about the base, the rest crimson except for the slightly expanded distal portion, which is smoky on the sides. The internal pink anatomy shines slightly through the integument behind the tentacles. Foot medially cleft; locomotion of the two sides alternate. The animal of C. shuttleworthi atriola is smoke gray, being a little darker on top than on the sides. There is a white ring about the tentacles at their base, the rest being bright red, except for the slightly expanded distal portion, which has a yellow tinge, the tip of the snout being slightly paler. The sole of the foot is longitudinally cleft, pale smoke-gray. The animal of C. shuttleworthi clivicola is pale smoke-gray. Tentacles almost sooty with a subterminal paler band. Snout a little paler than the general coloration of the body; edge of the body at the junction of the foot flesh-color. Sole of the foot flesh-color, with a faint smoky suffusion. The internal anatomy shines through the body wall behind the tentacles with a rosy flush. The short foot is medially deeply cleft, progression being alternate by the two sides. Distribution of the subspecies of C. shuttleworthi is shown in figure 89. 2S PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES SHUTTLEWORTHI Axial sculpture of last whorl less strong than spiral. Greater diameter more than 16 mm. Inner peristome greatly expanded and thickened__-__----__ cumbrensis Inner peristome not greatly expanded and thickened. Decollated! shell with 3.5: whorls==—=—— = shuttleworthi Decollated shell with 4.5: whorls222>)—) eee portica Greater diameter less than 15 mm. Back of outer’ peristome broadly rayedi 22 eee atriola Back of outer peristome not broadly rayed_---____---_____ mameyensis Axial sculpture of last whorl as strong as spiral. Whorls gibbose. Greater oF 6 OF! Guame FicurE 91.—Distribution of subspecies of Chondrothyretes impressa: (3) impressa; (4) solacia; (5) ornata; (6) guamensis; (7) hyans; (8) gigantea; (9) albostoma. Mountains but so far has not been reported from the mountains themselves. Its western member is known from El Guama, and its eastern representative comes from Loma de Candelaria. Distribution of the subspecies of C. impressa is shown in figures 90 and 91, CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 277 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA Peristome radiatingly rayed with brown. Rays of outer peristome very decided. Greater diameter more than 14 mm-= = ~.-+-...~=__..--~.-..— gigantea Greater diameter less than 13 mm. Spiral color lines confined to posterior two-thirds of whorls between summit and suture_-----_-____----_____ ornata Spiral color lines not confined to posterior two-thirds of whorls between Summit and suture. Interrupted spiral lines of brown broad_------------~ solacia Interrupted spiral lines of brown not broad_---____ impressa Rays of outer peristome not very decided. Greater diameter more than 15 mm____--_-____------___- guamensis Greater diameter less than 12 mm. Wimbiicis wath a) marrow shite === =- ee ee hyans Umbilicus without a narrow slit---__-__-__-_----__________ peregrina Peristome not radiatingly rayed___-2-—- =___-=-~-~-..__.2__==-=-_ = albostoma Shell interruptedly spirally banded. Shell not interruptedly spirally banded_----____--_____-----__ rosariensis CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA GIGANTEA, new subspecies PLATE 18, Figure 12 This large race comes from a mogote 2 kilometers west of Kilom- eter 14, between Pinar del Rio and Vinales. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468741, a complete specimen, has 6.8 whorls and measures: Length, 24.5 mm; greater diameter, 15.4 mm; lesser diameter, 10.5 mm. Its large size, combined with the strong radiating rays of the outer peristome, distinguishes it at once from all the other known sub- species. CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA ORNATA, new subspecies PLATE 18, FIGURE 2 This subspecies was collected by Natenson on a mogote imme- diately south of Perez Rivera’s house, about one and one-half miles south of the eastern end of the Sierra Guacamayas. It is a thin-shelled race brightly banded with interrupted dark brown lines, which are confined to the posterior two-thirds of the whorls between summit and suture. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468938, has 4.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 20.3 mm; greater diameter, 12.5 mm; lesser diam- eter, 8.4 mm, 978 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA SOLACIA, new subspecies PLATE 18, FIGURE 3 This subspecies was collected by Natenson on Mogote de Quilla, Entronque de Herradura. It resembles C. impressa ornata but has the interrupted brown spiral lines extending over the entire surface of the shell. From C’. i¢mpressa impressa it is distinguished by having the spiral lines of brown much broader. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468936, a complete specimen, has 7.5 whorls and measures: Length, 20.0 mm; greater diameter, 11.6 mm; lesser diameter, 8.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA IMPRESSA, new subspecies PLATE 18, FiGurE 11 In this race, which comes from the Cantera north of Consolacion del Sur, the shell is small and marked near the summit by one broad and between this and the periphery by 4 narrow interrupted spiral zones of chestnut-brown; another similar zone marks the periphery, while 5 more are present on the base. The outer peristome is fairly strongly rayed. ‘The posterior half of the outer peristome of the inner lip is deeply inbent, plugging the umbilicus, but usually leay- ing a narrow chink open. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468740, a perfect specimen, has 6.9 whorls and measures: Length, 19.3 mm; greater diameter, 11.5 mm; lesser diameter, 8.1 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA GUAMENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 18, Figure 10 This large race was collected by Palmer and Riley at El Guama a little west of Pinar del Rio. Its large size, combined with the faint rays of the outer peristome, easily differentiates it from the other known large C@. impressa gigantea. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 169928, has 4.2 whorls remaining, which measure: Length, 23.8 mm; greater diameter, 15.5 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA HYANS, new subspecies PLATE 18, FIGuRE 1 In this small race the interrupted spiral color markings consist of irregular blotches that are frequently confluent; especially is this CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 279 true on the base. The peristome is only faintly radiately rayed. Here both the axial and spiral threads become somewhat reduced on the last whorl. The reflected outer peristome leaves an open gap at the umbilicus. This subspecies comes from the mogote southwest of Kilometer 14, between Pinar del Rio and Vinales. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492731, is a perfect specimen, having 6.5 whorls, and measures: Length, 19.2 mm; greater diameter, 11.7 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA PEREGRINA, new subspecies PLate 18, FIcuRE 4 This small race, which represents the easternmost: member of the impressa complex, was collected by Arango at Loma de Candelaria, Pinar del Rio Province. It resembles C. impressa hyans in size but has the whorls a little more inflated. It also lacks the narrow umbilical slit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367890, is a complete specimen having 6.4 whorls and measures: Length, 17.8 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA ALBOSTOMA, new subspecies PLaTE 18, Figure 6 This race comes from the smaller mogote of the Cayo San Felipe. It has the early whorls regularly interruptedly spirally banded with brown. On the last whorls these markings become broader and more or less axially confluent. The peristome is white. The sculpture of the last whorl is also somewhat less developed than on the preceding turns. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468742, is a perfect specimen, having 6.5 whorls and measures: Length, 21.4 mm; greater diameter, 13.5 mm; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES IMPRESSA ROSARIENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 18, FIGURE 5 This race was collected by Cisnero, at San Cristobal in the Sierra El Rosario. It, like C. impressa albostoma, is white-lipped, but dif- fers from that subspecies by lacking the numerous interrupted spiral lines and strong varicial streaks. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367887, has 4.0 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 17.8 mm; greater diameter, 11.8 mm; lesser diameter, 8.5 mm. 280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES DELECTABILIS, new species Shell small, elongate-ovate, thin, varying in color from uniform flesh-color to pale yellow with or without an axial dark zone behind the peristome and with or without interrupted spiral bands. Nuclear whorls about 2, strongly rounded, smooth, with at least an indication of dark coloration at the suture of the beginning of the turns. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by slender or fairly regular retractively curved axial riblets and spiral threads, the latter a little stronger than the axial riblets. The junction of these two elements forms slender nodules. Suture well impressed. Periphery strongly FIGURE 92.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes delectabilis: (1) amabilis ; (2) delectabilis; (3) palmaris; (4) bellamaria. rounded. Base marked by the same sculpture that characterizes the spire. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the inner slightly exserted; the outer broadly flaringly expanded, somewhat fluted and marked by concentric lamellae with a deep cut on the middle of the inner lip posterior to which the peristome is reflected over the um- bilicus, covering this as a broad flap. The species ranges from the mogotes on the north side of the Sierra San Andrés eastward to the Mogote de Galalén. It breaks up into local races, four of which we are recognizing as subspecies. Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes delectabilis is shown in figure 92. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 281 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES DELECTABILIS Axial dark zone behind peristome present------~-----~------------ delectabilis Axial dark zone behind peristome absent. Interrupted spiral bands between summit andisuture Sei 22. = palmaris. Interrupted spiral bands between summit and suture 4. Rays on outer lip fairly strong--------------------------- bellamaria Rays on outer lip feeble or obsolete------------------------ amabilis CHONDROTHYRETES DELECTABILIS DELECTABILIS, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIGURE 1 This race comes from Caiguanabo, the eastern part of the Sierra Guacamayas. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468798, has 3.3 whorls remaining, and meas- ures: Length, 18.4; greater diameter, 11.5 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. It is easily distinguished from the other three races by the fact that here the dark axial band behind the peristome is missing. It is also more strongly spirally banded, particularly so on the back of the expanded peristome. CHONDROTHYRETES DELECTABILIS PALMARIS, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIGURE 5 This race comes from the Mogote de Vegas Nuevas, 3 kilometers from La Palma. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468803, is a complete specimen having al- most 7.0 whorls and measures: Length, 18.2 mm; greater diameter, 11.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.9 mm. It also has the dark axial zone behind the peristome but has five slender spiral interrupted bands between the summit and suture. CHONDROTHYRETES DELECTABILIS BELLAMARIA, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIGURE 2 This race comes from the Mogote Bella Maria on the north side of Sierra San Andrés near La Palma. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468801, has 5.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 20.5 mm; greater diameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.9 mm. Here we have a strong dark axial band behind the peristome, four interrupted slender spiral bands of brown, and rather strong rays on the outside of the outer lip. 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES DELECTABILIS AMABILIS, new subspecies PLATE 17, FIGURE 4 This race comes from the Mogote de Galalén, east of La Palma. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468805, is a complete specimen having 7.0 whorls and measures: Length, 18.7 mm; greater diameter, 11.6 mm; lesser diameter, 7.9 mm. It has the dark axial zone behind the peristome and four inter- rupted spiral bands between the summit and suture, but here the rays on the outside of the outer lip are very feeble. CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA, new species Shell moderately large, ovate, rather stout, varying in ground color from flesh-color and pale yellow to orange to dark brown. The early whorls usually are darker than the later, somewhat unicolor, but usually banded. The peristome varies from white to orange and may or may not be strongly rayed. Nuclear whorls almost 2, the first pale, the next very dark, somewhat inflated and strongly rounded. Post- nuclear whorls inflated; the early ones slightly angulated in the middle and the later ones well rounded and marked by slender, re- tractively curved, axial and spiral threads, the latter of a little wider spacing than the axial. The junction of these two elements on the early whorls forms feeble nodules; on the later turns they scarcely merit that designation. Suture well constricted. The axial riblet extends strongly to the suture and gives to this the merest indica- tion of denticulations. Periphery inflated, well rounded. Base sort, inflated, strongly rounded, and like the spire tending toward a little stronger nodulation at the junction of the axial and spiral elements. Aperture broadly oval. Peristome double, the inner shghtly exserted and slightly reflected; the outer broadly flaringly expanded, somewhat fluted and marked by concentric lamellae, cut in the middle of the inner lip, the posterior part to the cut is reflected over the umbilicus which it covers. Operculum thin, corneous, cov- ered with a heavy granular calcareous deposit, which has a somewhat fluted appearance. The animal of (. tenebrata albolabris is smoky gray, a little paler on the foot and the edge of the snout; darkest on the forehead. Ten- tacles encircled with a flesh-colored ring at their base; the rest scar- let, with the lateral portion of the expanded tip sooty. The in- ternal anatomy shines through behind the tentacles as a pinkish flush. Foot medially cleft; locomotion alternate. This species ranges through the Sierra San Andrés, some of the mogotes to the south of this and eastward to Guacamayas and the mogotes north and south of this. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 283 It breaks up through this range into a series of subspecies, eight of which we are here characterizing. Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes tenebrata is shown in figure 93. | Caracoles Sr San Andres \ Sr.Galalon 8 ym Sr Guacamayas Canaflete Ficure 93.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes tenebrata: (1) brevior; (2) albolabris; (3) variabilis ; (4) seripta; (5) tenebrata; (6) montalvensis ; (7) ayuen- sis; (8) canaletensis. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA Expanded lip strongly rayed. Early whorls dark brown_-_-----—~------------~--~-~---------- tenebrata Early whorls not dark brown. Shell clouded and marbled. Dark rays of outer lip exceeding in extent the light BITC Ts Viel Soe er ee re ee canaletensis Dark rays of outer lip equaling in extent the light Intervales =— sete a ses een eee wie es er ce seripta Dark rays of outer lip less in extent than the light INterVals® 2 Se AT, Eh ee ee ee ee variabilis Shell not clouded and marbled. Length of decollated shell more than 23 mm__---~-~~-----~ ayuensis Length of decollated shell less than 21 mm__-_-~~--------- brevior Expanded lip not strongly rayed. Rays absent or obsolete. Shell ranging from flesh-color to pale reddish brown_-----__ albolabris Shell ranging from orange to reddish brown___-____-~--~ montalvensis CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA TENEBRATA, new subspecies PLATE 19, FrcurEe 1 Shell varying from dark orange brown to dark brown, banded to various degrees. The early whorls dark, the later a little paler; the 284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 back of the expanded peristome is conspicuously rayed; the inside of the peristome is pale yellow. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468809, comes from the Pasada de las Escaleras, Sierra San Andrés. It has 6.5 whorls, probably having lost the first half of the nuclear turn, and measures: Length, 27.7 mm; greater diameter, 16.2 mm; lesser diameter, 12.4 mm. Addi- tional specimens come from Aserradero, Sierra San Andrés. This dark-colored race resembles C’. tenebrata montalvensis, from which it differs by lacking the orange peristome. CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA CANALETENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 19, FIGURE 6 This race comes from the Mogotes del Canalete, south of the Sierra San Andrés. In this race we have a general marbled and clouded pattern; that is, there are axial bands of brown that in reality are the interrupted spiral bands so broadened as to become fused. There is always a pale spiral zone a little posterior to the middle of the base bordered on either side by darker zones. The dark axial band behind the peristome is present, and the back of the expanded peristome is con- spicuously rayed, the rays frequently being confluent. The front portion of the peristome, which is pale yellow, is also conspicuously rayed, The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468818, has 4.5 turns remaining and meas- ures: Length, 23.5 mm; greater diameter, 15.0 mm; lesser diameter, 10.2 mm. The clouded marbled pattern of this race will readily distinguish it from all others. CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA SCRIPTA, new subspecies PLATE 19, FIGURE 2 This race was collected by Natenson on Mogote Largo, the large second mogote off the southwestern end of the Sierra Guacamayas. It resembles C’. tenebrata canaletensis in general color scheme but the spiral bands, which are interruptedly expanded in axial series, are not axially confluent at these widened intervals. The dark rays of the outer lip equal the light intervals in extent. The shells are also larger than in C. tenebrata canaletensis. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468982, has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.83 mm; greater diameter, 16.8 mm; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 285 CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA VARIABILIS, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGuRE 4 This race was collected by Natenson on the small mogote southwest of the Mogote Largo, which lies off the southwestern end of the Sierra Guacamayas. In this subspecies the shell averages smaller than those of @. tene- brata canaletensis, and is decidedly variable in color, which ranges from dark clouded chestnut-brown through various shades of orange, with brown spiral lines, which may be slender or even confluent at expanded intervals, where they may even form axial dark zones. Regardless of what the general coloration of the shell may be, the radiating dark zones of the outer lip here never equal the lighter intervals in extent. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493297, has 4.0 whorls remaining, which measure: Length, 20.8 mm, greater diameter, 14.7 mm;_ lesser diameter, 10.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA AYUENSIS, new subspecies Puate 20, Ficure 1 This race comes from the Ensenada de la Ayua on the south side of the Sierra San Andrés. Shell with the early postnuclear whorls a dark orange, gradually changing to very pale orange or even flesh-color on the last whorl, unicolor or variously banded, strongly rayed on both sides of th expanded outer peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468814, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.0 mm; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. The bright orange color of this race readily distinguishes it from all the other subspecies. CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA BREVIOR, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGURE 2 This race comes from Caracoles, north of the Sierra Guacamayas. Shell small, pale yellow or orange, with the expanded outer lip strongly rayed both in front and on the back. The dark axial zone behind the peristone is narrow, or almost absent. The shell is feebly rayed. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468807, is a complete specimen having 6.7 turns and measuring: Length, 20.8 mm; greater diameter, 14.5 mm; lesser diameter, 9.4 mm. The small size will readily distinguish this race from all the others. 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM You. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA ALBOLABRIS, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGURE 3 This race comes from the Sierra Guacamayas. This subspecies has the shell orange or pale brownish orange; it has the dark band behind the peristome, which is white or almost so. The expanded outer peristome is obsoletely rayed on the front side and a little more strongly on the back. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468816, has 5.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.0 mm; greater diameter, 15.8 mm; lesser diam- eter, 10.8 mm. This race approximates C’. tenebrata ayuensis but is a little darker in coloration and lacks the conspicuous raying of the peristome and is also smaller. CHONDROTHYRETES TENEBRATA MONTALVENSIS, new sabspecies PLATE 19, FicurEe 3 This race comes from the Coral de El Montalvo, on the road to La Palma from the Sierra San Andrés. Shell dark orange or blackish brown with the peristome orange, unicolor or banded, with or without a dark band at the summit. The dark axial band is present behind the peristome, which is but shghtly rayed on the back. The front of the expanded peristome is obso- letely rayed, or if rays are present they are inconspicuous. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468856, has 6.0 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 26.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.3 mm; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. This race in general appearance approximates most nearly typical C. tenebrata tenebrata but can at once be distinguished from that by having the expanded peristome orange instead of pale yellow. CHONPDPROTHYRETES RETICULATA, new species Shell conic, turreted, exceedingly variable in coloration, even with- in the same subspecies. The shell may be pure alabaster white, pale strawcolor, yellow, orange, red, buff, brown, or even sooty brown; unicolor or banded with continuous spiral lines or zones of darker color than the ground color, or the spiral bands may be interrupted and the elements composing them may be arranged in axial series, the shell thereby appearing varicially streaked. There is usually a narrow white Tine at the summit. In some of the subspecies there is a dark axial zone immediately preceding the expanded peristome, which is usually white or may be faintly yellow. The raying of the outer peristome is not marked in this species, only some of the CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 287 subspecies have this tendency. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth, the last portion of the last turn showing the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, well rounded, appressed at the summit, which is feebly denticulated and marked by numerous, closely spaced, axial riblets and spiral threads equaling the riblets in strength. This combination gives to the sur- face the reticulated pattern responsible for this subspecific name. Aperture broadly ovate. Peristome double; the inner somewhat exserted and slightly reflected; the outer broadly flaringly expanded, somewhat fluted, and marked by feeble concentric lamellae. The outer peristome is cut in the middle of the inner lip, and the por- tion posterior to the cut is reflected over the umbilicus as a heavy callus, which also extends over the parietal wall. The breathing pore is a conspicuous perforation on the parietal wall about as far removed from the edge of the inner lip as it is from the posterior angle. The operculum is thin, paucispiral, with submarginal nu- cleus covered on the outside with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules which are arranged in a somewhat radiating pattern. The animal of (. reticulata encinarensis is flesh-color, with ashy suffusions. Tentacles orange, tipped with brown at the slightly ex- panded end; white at base. Feelers paler at edge. Foot deeply medially cleft, flesh-color. Motion of the two sides alternate. The animal of (. reticulata reticulella is ashy gray with the fore- head at the base of the tentacles white. The space between the tentacles is marked by numerous very fine dark dots. Tentacles orange-red, tipped with buff. Sole of foot short, ight ash gray, medially cleft. Motion alternate on the two sides. This subspecies ranges through the central part of the Organ Mountains of Pinar del Rio Province, that is, from Hoyo San An- tonio through La Mina west of Pan de Azucar and south to the Kilometer 14 region between Vinales and Pinar del Rio, embracing not only the main blocks of limestone, but also the isolated lumps of the Laguna Piedras region and the blocks southwest of Vinales. As in the case of the other widely distributed species, this com- plex breaks up into a series of zoogeographic races, each more or less sharply delimited in its distribution. Thirteen of these we are here designating as subspecies, Distribution of the subspecies of C. reticulata is shown in figure 94. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA Shell large, length more than 25 mm. Dark spiral band at summit present. Axialtand ispiralethreads tinel Se eee eee te ee encinarensis Axialr and) spiral’ threads: less: fine: 242 1824 arue ie ee costanerensis ISS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 85 Dark spiral bands at Summit absent. White line at summit obsolete. Shell large; 27.8 mms a ee eee eee costanerensis Shell meqdswmssi zed | D5) nae ee eee galerensis White line at summit not obsolete. Whorls strongly inflated. Shell clou@ded 2222232 2 eae ee eee eee petricola Shell not loudedi 2 22.- 2. oe ee ee ees fraterna Whorls not strongly inflated. Shell strongly denticulated at summit_______-______ reticulata Shell not strongly denticulated at summit ---_-____ versicolor Shell not large, length less than 22 mm. Hront of outeriperistome nayed=2 22522 eee eee saccharinella Front of outer peristome not rayed. Rear of outer peristome feebly rayed. Shell, dankssootyeDlown =~ =e eee reticulella Shell not dark sooty brown. Body, of uniform flesh-colors 2 =e ee eee pellucida Body not of uniform flesh-color. Last whorl banded. shell reddish brown!==—2-2 = See scrobicula Shelli variously colored£=222 2 petricolella Rear of outer peristome not feebly rayed_____-_-----------~- fratercula Sr San Andres Asiento la dagua og! Q 6 Q 5 ene eae aT S {18s Benos a Sr SVicenta ej v Z 6 6 : 3 Sr Vinales aT 4 geo CD al ; 9 es i & E> # > ; Dt hes 8 0° 8 SrE/A bra 25> 13 oK I+ miles Ficurp 94.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes reticulata: (1) scrobicula; (2) encinarensis; (3) petricolella; (4) petricola; (5) reticulella; (6) reticulata; (7) costanerensis ; (8) fratercula; (9) fraterna; (10) galerensis; (11) saccharinella; (12) versicolor; (138) pellucida. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 289 CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA ENCINARENSIS, new subspecies PLATH 21, FIGURE 2 This race is confined to the mogote known as La Mina or Encinar de Alto. It is the easternmost of the larger races. It is ight in color, ranging from flesh-color to pale orange, never banded, except for the moderately broad zone immediately below the white line at the summit. This dark band, combined with the absence of other band- ings, readily distinguishes this from all the other races, except an occasional specimen of C. 7. costanerensis. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468984, a complete specimen, has 7.0 whorls and measures: Length, 26.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.7 mm; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA COSTANERENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 21, F1iguRE 8 This race occupies the Costanera San Vicente and the Costanera del Abra. Here again we have an enormous range of color variation, which extends from white to straw-color, to yellow, to orange, to brown; the shell may be mottled, banded, or flecked, unicolor or inter- ruptedly banded. We find here also an extension of the La Mina fea- tures, namely, a dark spiral band immediately below the white line at the summit. This, however, is not constant but appears to be present in about one-third of the shells. A dark varicial line behind the peristome is present in most specimens. The expanded peristome itself is not rayed, or bears the merest indication of rays at its base on the outside. Specimens from Hoyo de Magdalena are redder than those of other parts of the range of this subspecies. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468900, comes from Costanera San Vicente. This is a complete specimen having 6.3 whorls and measures: Length, 27.8 mm; greater diameter, 17.7 mm; lesser diameter, 12.6 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA GALERENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGURE 10 In this race, which occupies the western end of the Sierra Galera, the shells are of medium size and thin, and they vary from pale orange to brown. The usual white line at the summit is scarcely indicated, and the peristome is free of rays, except for mere indications. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492895, has 4.3 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 25.2 mm; greater diameter, 15.9 mm; lesser diameter, 12.2 mm. 66879—38——7 290) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA PETRICOLA, new subspecies PLATE 20, Fiacure 9 This subspecies ranges through the Sierra Chorrera and the Mogotes Marmol of the Laguna Piedras. The race is characterized by its thin shell, tawny ground color, and the fine interrupted spiral lines, which are arranged in axial series, thus giving to the shell a decidedly clouded effect. The area immediately behind the peristome forms a dark axial zone. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468906, a complete specimen from the Sierra Chorrera, has 7.1 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 28.9 mm; greater diameter, 17.2 mm; lesser diameter, 18.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA FRATERNA, new subspecies PLATE 20, FicureE 11 This race, which comes from El Cuajani, Mogotes dos Hermanos, El Queque, is large and thin shelled and varies in color from white through orange and reddish to brown. It is not clouded. There is a slender, white, finely denticulated line at the summit not bordered with a dark line. The outer peristome is free of rays on both sides. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492885, comes from El Queque. It has 7.0 whorls and measures: Length, 28.6 mm; greater diameter, 17.5 mm; lesser diameter, 13.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA RETICULATA, new subspecies PLATE 21, FIGURE 6 The typical race ranges through the limestone bluffs of Banos San Vicente, the Ensenada de los Banos, and the Puerta de la Ancon. This race is also very variable in color but dark as compared with the other large races, brown being the prevailing coloration. The finely denticulated white line at the summit is very marked in this race, and interrupted spiral bands are fairly regularly arranged in axial series, giving this a more or less varicially streaked effect. The peristome is not rayed. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492910, comes from Banos San Vicente. It has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 27.5 mm; greater diameter, 16.4 mm; lesser diameter, 12.6 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA VERSICOLOR, new subspecies PLATE 21, FiqguRE 4 This subspecies occupies the north slope of Pan de Azucar. It is a dark race, frequently with a light base and a broad median spiral band. The whorls are not as strongly inflated as in some of the CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 29] other races and a white line at the summit is indicated. The sum- mit of the whorls is not strongly denticulated. The front and back of the expanded peristome are not rayed. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492877, comes from the western end of Pan de Azucar. It is a complete specimen having 6.8 whorls and measuring: Length, 27.8 mm; greater diameter, 16.7 mm; lesser di- ameter, 12.7 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA SACCHARINELLA, new subspecies PLATE 21, FicuRE 1 This subspecies comes from Mogote Pan de Azucar, that conspicu- ous block of limestone lying a couple of miles north of the Sierra de Chichones. This is a diminutive race, very similar to C. reticu- lata versicolor, which has the peristome both on the front and back conspicuously rayed. It also has a denticulated white line at the summit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492884, has 4.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 21.0 mm; greater diameter, 13.8 mm; lesser di- ameter, 10.7 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA RETICULELLA, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGURE 7 This diminutive race is confined to a small mogote on Martinez’s place at Banos San Vicente, which stands at some distance from the main range. It is a very dark chestnut-brown race, with a conspic- uous denticulated zone of white at the summit. The peristome and parietal callus are also white without rays. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 474197, is a complete specimen having 6.3 whorls and measuring: Length, 18.0 mm; greater diameter, 11.6 mm; lesser diameter, 8.6 mm. Very dark forms of (. reticulata petricolella resemble this in coloration, but they are a little more finely sculptured and never so dark. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA PELLUCIDA, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGURE 6 This small race was taken on the second mogote on the right side of Kilometer 14 on the road between Pinar del Rio and Vinales. It is pale yellow, with white denticulations at the summit and white peristome. In some specimens faint brown spiral lines are indicated, and some individuals also show an axial dark band behind the peristome. 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468916, is a complete specimen having 6.5 whorls. It measures: Length, 21.4 mm; greater diameter, 13.3 mm; lesser diameter, 10.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA SCROBICULA, new subspecies PLATE 21, F1iGuRE 3 This race comes from a small mogote known as Hoyos de San Antonio Asiento de la Jagua. It is a small race, orange in color, with white denticulations at the summit and the spaces between these brown. The peristome is slightly rayed on the back. There is also a feeble dark axial zone behind the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468914, has 5.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 20.4 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diam- eter, 10.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA PETRICOLELLA, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGuRE 5 Under this name we shall combine the small shells occupying the Mogotes Piedra Laguna, as well as those that border the road from Vinales to the Puerta del Ancon. In the main this race resembles OC. r. petricola, but it is very variable in color, ranging in ground color from flesh-color to pale brown, with the base frequently banded and the rest of the shell marked by fine spiral lines, which are also frequently arranged in axial series. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468908, comes from Fogon de los Negros from the northern part of the Laguna Piedras. It is a complete specimen having 7.0 whorls and measuring: Length, 20.2 mm; greater diameter, 12.4 mm; lesser diameter, 8.7 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES RETICULATA FRATERCULA, new subspecies PLATE 20, FIGuRE 8 This race occupies the small mogotes between Vinales and the dos Hermanos, etc., including Mogote Vigil and Mogote la Feita. The shells vary from pale chestnut-brown to sooty brown, with the peristome white on both sides. The dark forms seem conspicuously marked by the slender denticulated white line at the summit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492893, comes from the Mogote la Feita. It has 3.6 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.6 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diameter, 9.1 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 293 CHONDROTHYRETES INCRASSATA (Wright) Pfeiffer Shell elongate-ovate, varying in color from flesh-color through straw-color to pale orange and even pale brown in some individuals; the last whorl is always paler than the rest; the shell may have axial varicial streaks of a little darker coloration than the ground color. In two of the known races there is an orange blotch behind the peri- stome. Peristome white. Nuclear whorls almost 2, forming a some- what truncated apex, strongly rounded, smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculp- ture. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by slender, retractively slanting, axial riblets, which are stronger on the early turns than those succeeding them, becoming decidedly enfeebled on the last whorl. The spiral sculpture consists of slender threads a little stronger than the axial. The intersection of the axial riblets and spiral threads form slender nodules on the early turns, while the spaces enclosed between them are rectangular pits. On the last whorl, however, the nodules are absent and the pits reduced to fine malleations. Suture well constricted. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and spiral threads. The spiral threads and axial riblets are a little stronger near the umbilicus than on the posterior half of the base, forming here weak nodules at their junction. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double; the inner heavy and broadly expanded, covering two-thirds of the outer. The outer is expanded and reflected, forming a sinus at the posterior angle, the part that projects beyond the inner slightly fluted at the edge and marked by concentric lines of growth; posterior to the notch of the inner lip, the outer peristome is reflected as a broad white callus over the umbilicus, which it completely covers, extending a little less broadly upon the parietal wall, where it is appressed to the preceding turn. The breathing pore is conspicuous on the parietal wall about as far removed from the edge of the outer lip as it is from the posterior angle. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with almost sub- marginal nucleus, covered on the outside with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules, which form a somewhat radiating pattern. Gundlach * says of the animal of incrassata: “Animal grey, eye ring and edge of operculm whitish. Antennae beautifully coral colored, trending toward saffron-yellow. On the sides of the foot are spots which are composed of elevated white dots.” Chondrothyretes incrassata is distinguished from C. reticulata by its much less strongly reticulated sculpture and from C. cerina by 4 Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 10, p. 183, 1862. 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 having this sculpture stronger and especially by having the inner peristome much expanded and thickened and the outer separated from © oxCabezas 4 oLagunillas FIGURE 95.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes incrassata: (1) incrassata; (2) subincrassata; (3) aurantiaca; (4) fumata, the parietal callus by an inbent channel at the posterior angle, causing the outer peristome to project at a point. Distribution of the subspecies of @. inerassata is shown in figure 95. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 295 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES INCRASSATA Orange blotch behind peristome present. Henrthrof shellumore: than 2o .mm_ 2-22 2 aurantiaca menrth or shell vess' than’ 22mm: 220 2 ee Ee eee fumata Orange blotch behind peristome absent. Sculptunepfecbletesnk ] a 8 eR ee incrassata Sculpturesnog, teeblen== eo a= ss = Se eee ee subincrassata CHONDROTHYRETES INCRASSATA AURANTIACA, new subspecies PLATE 22, FIGURE 5 The mogotes between Cabezas and Isabel Maria and the Sierra Quemada harbor a race that about equals C. incrassata incrassata in size and sculpture. The shells, however, are marked with a con- spicuous orange blotch behind the peristome. To this race we have given the above name. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367872, which comes from Mogote Isabel Maria, is an almost perfect specimen. It has 6.0 whorls and meas- ures: Length, 27.2 mm; greater diameter, 17.8 mm; lesser diameter, 13.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES INCRASSATA FUMATA, new subspecies PLATE 22, FIGURE 8 This diminutive race resembles C. incrassata aurantiaca, from which its small size at once distinguishes it. It comes from Lagunil- las, which lies halfway between the range C. incrassata aurantiaca and the south coast. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468800, has 5.4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 21.3 mm; greater diameter, 12.7 mm; lesser diameter, 9.4 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES INCRASSATA INCRASSATA (Wright) Pfeiffer PLATE 22, FIGURE 7 1862. Chondropoma incrassatum (WRIGHT) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 10, pp. 182-183. This subspecies occupies the Sierra Vinales and part of the Sierra Penitencia and is distinguished from @. incrassata subincrassata, the race south of it, by having a little heavier shell, paler coloration, and feebler sculpture, and by being less frequently marked by spiral cclor lines. The specimen figured, one of a series of topotypes, U.S.N.M. no. 468944, was collected by Wright at Vinales. It is a perfect speci- men having 6.8 whorls and measuring: Length, 29.3 mm; greater diameter, 19.5 mm; lesser diameter, 14.6 mm. 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES INCRASSATA SUBINCRASSATA, new subspecies PLATE 22, FIGURE 9 This race we have from the Sierra Quemada south of the range of the typical C. incrassata incrassata, and from the Mogote Caoba near this. It has the shell thinner and considerably more strongly sculptured than the typical form. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468945, comes from the Sierra Quemada. It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 30.3 mm; greater diameter, 19.4 mm; lesser diameter, 14.4 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES CERINA, new species Shell broadly ovate, wax yellow, sometimes pale orange or chest- nut-brown, or even purplish, unicolor, or marked with axial streaks of a darker shade. Nuclear whorls 2, the first smooth, the second showing the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture at its termina- tion. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked on the early turns by retractively slanting axial riblets and spiral threads of almost the same strength; on the later turns these become less conspicuous and in one of the races quite obsolete on the last whorl. The base is short, strongly rounded, and sculptured like the posterior portion of the last turn. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the inner reflected over the outer and adnate to it; the outer is moderately, strongly expanded and considerably thickened; the inner lip is reflected over anterior to the cut, and covers the umbilicus. It is not distinctly angulated as in some of the other species; on the parietal wall it extends over the preceding turn. The outer peri- stome does not project as a conspicuous auricle at the posterior angle. Breathing pore on the parietal wall a little anterior to the posterior angle of the aperture and a little within the peristome. Operculum with almost submarginal nucleus and a considerably thickened cal- careous deposit on the last. turn. This species occupies the region between Vinales and the Sierra del Infierno, extending southwest to Santo Tomas, Hoyo del Guama, and to the Ensenada Pan de Azucar, and across the Sierra Martillo, breaking up into a number of subspecies, which are here described. The shells of this species can readily be distinguished from its nearest relative, C. incrassata (Wright), by having the auricle at the posterior angle of the aperture almost absent and by having the outer peristome of the inner lip anterior to the notch not ex- panded, but forming an almost straight thickened columella, while in incrassata it always projects as a sharp element. @C. incrassata also has the inner peristome much more thickened and much broader. The animal of (. cerina subcerina is short, ashy gray, with the head adjoining the tentacles, a little paler, which is also the case at CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 207 the tip of the snout. The tentacles are coral-red, tipped with brown. The sole of foot is a little paler than the sides of the body, deeply medially cleft; the motion of the two sides is alternate. Distribution of the subspecies of C. cerina is shown in figure 96. FIGURE 96.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes cerina: (1) roseoapicata ; (2) cerina; (8) polita; (4) subcerina; (5) puella. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES CERINA Axial and spiral sculpture obsolete on last turn____~_2-._-_-_=---.---=- polita Axial and spiral sculpture not obsolete on last turn. Apex P0se-COlOl 22 = 25-425 22see oe a 8 ee sae roseoapicata Apex not rose-color. Shell-less' than’ 22 mm) long. === == Sa ea a ane puella Shell more than 25 mm long. = Sculpture-of last. whorl feeble-i = 244 22 2 ee ee cerina Sculpture of last whorl] not feeble--_..______-__-_-=--~- subcerina 998 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES CERINA POLITA, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 2 This race comes from the Sierra Martillo. It resembles typical C. cerina cerina but has the sculpture of the last whorl reduced to obsoleteness. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468598, comes from Sitio del Martillo. It has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 23.8 mm; greater diameter, 15.5 mm; lesser diameter, 13.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES CERINA ROSEOAPICATA, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 9 In the high parts of the Sierra del Infierno and the Sierra Peni- tencia we have a race with decidedly rosy tip. Here the dark, almost sooty-brown, color of the rest of the shell prevails, the lighter phase being less numerous. This, combined with the white peristome, ren- ders this race very penuigealt The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468960, comes frond the high parts of the Sierra del Infierno. It has 5.4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 31.6 mm; greater diameter, 18.9 mm; lesser diameter, 16.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES CERINA PUELLA, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 5 This subspecies is quite isolated from the main group and, as in certain other forms occupying small offlying lumps of limestone, we have here a diminutive race whose size at once distinguishes it from the other members of the species. It comes from the Hoyo del Guama, southeast of Santo Tomas. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468964, a complete specimen, has 6.4 whorls and measures: Length, 19.5 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diameter, 10.7 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES CERINA CERINA, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIcuRE 10 This subspecies ranges through the lower reaches of the Sierra del Infierno and the adjacent mogotes. It is quite variable in size, ranging from 24 to 30 mm in length. In color it also ranges through everything except the roseoapicate form. In sculpture it stands midway between C. cerina polita, which has the last whorl obsoletely marked, and C. cerina subcerina, which is most strongly sculptured. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367874, a large complete individual from Sitio del Infierno, Sierro del Infierno, has 5.5 whorls and measures: CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 299 Length, 27.2 mm; greater diameter, 17.0 mm; lesser diameter, 14.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES CERINA SUBCERINA, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 8 This race extends through the Ensenada Pan de Azucar, the large embayment in the western end of the Organ Mountains. It is the most strongly sculptured subspecies known, recalling weakly marked C. reticulata, but at once distinguished from this by the character of the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367875, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 27.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.9 mm; lesser diam- eter, 14.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES BARBOURI, new species Shell large and stout, varying in color from flesh-color through yellow and orange to brown; unicolor or marked with spiral lines of brown; peristome white, sometimes partly rayed on the back. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, marked only by incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, marked by rather distantly spaced spiral threads and on the early post- nuclear whorls by axial threads of almost the same strength, which rapidly decrease in strength and become obsolete as the shel]l in- creases its whorls. Suture well impressed, not denticulated. Ap- erture broadly ovate, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome double, the inner, which is slightly exserted, extends a little above the broadly expanded, somewhat radially fluted and concentrically feebly laminated outer, which has the inner lip cut in the middle and the posterior half reflected over the umbilicus, which it completely covers. The species ranges through the Organ Mountains about Luis Lazo and eastward through Sumidero to Cabezas and some of the mogotes adjacent to this. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES BARBOURI Shella predominantly7 DIOWN:= 22225 —. Se eee ee ee ee ee barbouri Shellgpredominantly pales) 205 2225 2s See eee ae ie ee eas itineraria CHONDROTHYRETES BARBOURI BARBOURI, new subspecies PLATE 21, Figure 5 This is the large brown race that occupies the high mountains of the Sierra San Carlos and the Sierra Acostas all around Luis Lazo and northeastward through the Sierra Sumidero. C. barbouri barbourz is distinguished from the other subspecies by being larger and heavier and in having the brown color predomi- 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 nant. Spiral color bands here are also less frequently met with than in @. barbouri itineraria, The type, U.S.N.M. no. 474199, comes from Luis Lazo and has 5.5 whorls remaining, which measure: Length, 34.2 mm; greater diameter, 21.5 mm; lesser diameter, 16.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES BARBOURI ITINERARIA, new subspecies PLATE 21, FIGURE 7 This subspecies extends through the mogotes along the roadside to the east and west of Cabezas. It is smaller, thinner, paler, and almost always spirally banded. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499589, comes from the first mogote on the northwest side of the road east of Cabezas. It has 5.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 28.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.4 mm; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES GUNDLACHI (Arango) Shell rather large, ovate-conic, varying in ground color from flesh-color through buff to pale orange, with or without a darker zone behind the peristome and with or without interrupted spiral bands. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, inflated, well rounded, smooth except for incremental lines. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by slender, retractively curved, axial threads and rather stronger spiral threads, the combination of which forms a somewhat fenestrated pattern, while the junction of these elements forms slender nodules. The spiral threads frequently are conspicuously white in the typical race. Suture well constricted. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, well rounded. Base short, well rounded, and marked like the spire. Aperture broadly ovate. Peristome double; the inner slightly exserted and somewhat reflected, the outer broadly flaringly expanded, fluted and marked with concentric lamellae, cut on the middle of the inner lip with the posterior part reflected as a broad callus, which closes the umbilicus. The parietal wall is cov- ered with a broadly expanded outer peristome. The breathing pore is on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture. Operculum with 3.5 whorls, the last covered with a heavy deposit of calcareous granules, which have a somewhat fluted appearance. This species ranges from the Sierra de Paso Real Guane eastward through the Sierra de Guane through Portales through the Puerta de la Murallia. We are recognizing five zoogeographic races, which we are desig- nating as subspecies. Distribution of the subspecies of C. gundlachi is shown in figure 97. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 301 Srbe San Carlos 5 oLa Murallia 4o0Los Portales Sr. de Guane Sr. Paso Real di: Mendoza Ficure 97.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyretes gundlachi: (1) gundlachi ; (2) guanensis; (3) deviata; (4) porticola; (5) murallensis. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETFS GUNDLACHI Ground color of shell red or reddish. Spiral threads conspicuously white---------------------------- gundlachi Spiral threads not conspicuously white-_---------------------- guanensis Ground color of shell not red or reddish. Ground color of shell yellowish or white. Shell strongly spirally banded. Shell) mottled. and clouded 222==_-— 2 ere ee porticola Shelli not mottled:and clouded222--==-—- === = =— === == murallensis Shell feebly or not spirally banded_------------------------- deviata 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 CHONDROTHYRETES GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHI (Arango) PLATE 22, FIGURE 6 1862. Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) gundlachi ARANGO, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 10, pp. 408-409. This subspecies occupies the Sierra de Paso Real. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492947, is a complete specimen having 7.0 whorls and measures: Length, 23.5 mm; greater diameter, 15.8 mm; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm. It is easily distinguished from all the other races by the fact that the spiral threads are white, while the rest of the shell is dark in color. CHONDROTHYRETES GUNDLACHI GUANENSIS, new subspecies PLate 22, FicurRE 3 In this race, which comes from the Sierra de Guane, the spiral threads are slightly darker than the rest of the shell, and the peri- stome is white. This, however, does not give to the surface of the shell a conspicuously banded appearance. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 492948, has 3.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 26.5 mm; greater diameter, 18.8 mm; lesser diameter, 13.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES GUNDLACHI PORTICOLA, new subspecies PLATE 22, FicuRE 1 In this race, which comes from Portales, the shell is marked by conspicuous, interrupted, rather broad spiral bands, which give it a mottled and marbled aspect. The outer peristome is decidedly rayed. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492949, is a complete specimen having 6.4 whorls and measures: Length, 24.5 mm; greater diameter, 16.0 mm; iesser diameter, 11.6 mm. These characters conspicuously differentiate this race from all the others. CHONDROTHYRETES GUNDLACHI MURALLENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 22, FIGURE 2 This race, from the the Puerta de la Murallia, also has interrupted spiral bands, as in @. gundlachi porticola, but they are less pro- nounced, and the color scheme does not tend toward mottling or marbling, as in the other subspecies. The expanded outer lip is also less conspicuously rayed. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 303 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367880, has 4.8 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 27.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.6 mm; lesser diameter, 12.1 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES GUNDLACHI DEVIATA, new subspecies PLATE 22, FIGURE 4 In the caves of the mogotes on the south side of the road leading from Luis Lazo to Guane, and separated from the Sierra de Guane by the Rio Portales, Bartsch collected a lot of shells that have finer sculpture than the other races and that may have the spiral threads brown. These vary from white to yellow, unicolor or spirally feebly banded. The peristome is white, at times weakly rayed. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 387907, collected as above stated, is a com- plete specimen, having 6.5 whorls and measuring: Length, 25.6 mm; greater diameter, 16.7 mm; lesser diameter, 12.6 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES AFFINIS, new species PLATE 21, Ficure 9 1863. Chondropoma gundlachi Prrirrer, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 10, p. 182 (in part). Shell large, thin, ovate-turreted. The early whorls are dark brown, paling gradually anteriorly to buff on the last turn. Peristome white. At more or less regular intervals there are white or hight axial zones, and the spiral threads are also light, so that the combination of these two light elements against the dark background lends to the shell a very peculiar fenestrated pattern. Nuclear whorls 2, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by numerous, hairlike, decidedly retractively slanting, axial threads. The spiral sculpture consists of alternating stronger and heavier threads; the lighter threads are about equal to the axial and the heavier are at least twice the size of the lesser. The latter are rendered beautifully beaded by the axial sculpture. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl inflated and strongly rounded. Base inflated and strongly rounded and marked like the spire. Aperture broadly oval. Peristome double, the inner slightly exserted and reflected; the outer more or less broadly ex- panded, fluted, and marked by fine concentric lines. The outer peri- stome is cut on the middle of the inner lip posterior to which it is reflected over the umbilicus and parietal wall. The breathing pore is on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture at a little distance behind the peristome. Operculum with subcentral nucleus. The outside of the last whorl is covered by a rather thick deposit of fine calcareous granules, which are somewhat fluted. 304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499582, comes from the west end of El Queque. It is a complete specimen, has 7.5 whorls, and measures: Length, 30.7 mm; greater diameter, 18.8 mm; lesser diameter, 13.2 mm. The species ranges through the Vinales region. It is also found in Dos Hermanos and Puertecitas. CHONDROTHYRETES PARILIS, new species Shell elongate-ovate, varying in color from pure milk white through straw-color, horn-color, orange, and dark brown. It may be unicolor, variegated or marbled, usually the latter. The outer, broadly expanded peristome also varies in color from pale yellow to deeper yellow and is rayed in all specimens but the alabastrian form of (C. parilis simonis. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded and marked by slender retractively curved riblets and spiral threads, the latter considerably stronger than the axial riblets. The junctions of the two form nodules on the early whorls, which become weakened on the later turns. Suture moderately constricted; periphery well rounded. Base short, well rounded. Aperture oval. Peristome double, the outer broadly fiaringly expanded and marked by numer- ous slender concentric lamellae adnate to the preceding turns at the posterior angle and deeply cut in the middle of the inner lip. The part posterior to it reflected over and covering the umbilicus. Parietal wall covered by a broad callus. Operculum typically chondropomoid. This species ranges through the small mogotes west and south of the Sierra San Andrés as well as the Sierra San Andrés. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRETES PARILIS Spiral threads conspicuously white. Shellgdark brown)Or Teds =: 22 =. 2 es ee ee scalaris Shell not dark brown or red. Shell horn-color. Quter ‘lip’ conspicuously Tayediiull oe) | eae parilis Outer) lipjnot conspicuously Trayeden 2-4 fee simonis Spiral threads not conspicuously white. Shell dark brown or reddgisgh= 222 serene wee ee eee fossularis Shellv-horn-color_# 22.332 ee ee See ee ee amoena CHONDROTHYRETES PARILIS SCALARIS, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 1 This race comes from the Escaleras de San Andrés. It is an ex- ceedingly dark race, with rayless orange-colored outer peristome and with the spiral threads white, which gives it a very striking color pattern that readily distinguishes it from all the other races. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 305 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468953, has 5.0 whorls and measures: Length, 25.8 mm; greater diameter, 16.2 mm; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES PARILIS PARILIS, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 3 In this race, which comes from Hoyo San Antonio, Mogote de la Jagua, the shell also has conspicuous spiral bands, but the ground color is horn-color, and the outer peristome is conspicuously rayed. There are also inconspicuous interrupted spiral bands of brown. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 492961, has 5.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.7 mm; greater diameter, 16.3 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.1 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES PARILIS SIMONIS, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 6 This race comes from the Mogote Palmero, which is also called Mogote Simon. Here we have the last whorl also bearing light spiral threads, but the ground color is orange or orange-brown, the nuclear whorls are white, and the outer peristome is without rays or almost so. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468951, a complete specimen, has 7.2 whorls and measures: Length, 24.5 mm; greater diameter, 15.6 mm; lesser diameter, 10.4 mm. Of this species we have two albinos, both alabaster white. CHONDROTHYRETES PARILIS FOSSULARIS, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 4 This race comes from Hoyo Corto de San Antonio, Asiento de la Jagua. It is a very dark colored race, in which the spiral threads are not light. It varies in coloration from orange to dark brown and has the expanded peristome, which is orange, very conspicuously rayed. The shell may be unicolor, barring the banding at and behind the peristome, or it may be variousiy banded with interrupted spiral zones of brown. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468820, has 4.4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 22.0 mm; greater diameter, 14.1 mm; lesser diam- eter, 10.4 mm. CHONDROTHYRETES PARILIS AMOENA, new subspecies PLATE 23, FIGURE 7 This race was collected by Arango at Mogote de la Jagua de Azua. It is pale, with a horn-colored ground color and with or without 66879—38——8 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 slender interrupted spiral bands of brown. The peristome is of the same color as the ground color of the shell except for the numerous very decided rays present on both sides of the expanded portion. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367881, has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 24.9 mm; greater diameter, 15.5 mm; lesser diam- eter, 11.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA, new genus Shell small, varying in shape from ovate to subglobular. The shells may be unicolor or spirally banded. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth except the last part of the last turn, which shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls more or less inflated, strongly rounded, latticed with slender axial riblets and spiral threads, which may form cusps at their in- tersections. Suture well impressed, simple. Periphery strongly rounded. Base more or less inflated, strongly rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs and spiral threads. Umbilicus open or closed. Aperture broadly oval to subcircular. Peristome double, the inner little exserted, the outer expanded, cut or folded on the inner lip and more or less reflected over the umbilicus; parietal wall covered with a strong callus. A breathing pore is present a little within the edge of the aperture on the parietal wall near the posterior angle. This may open into the exterior at the posterior angle where the whorls are solute or into the umbilicus by means of a canal below the parietal callus; breathing may take place through the umbilicus or when this is closed through the decollated apex. Operculum simple, paucispiral, with more or less of a granular cal- careous deposit. Type: Chondrothyrella (Chondrothyrella) pudica (Orbigny). This genus of small species is confined to the eastern part of Pinar del Rio Province and the western and central parts of Habana Province. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS CHONDROTHYRELLA Wmbilicus open) = 22 2-52-— = ee ee ee Plicathyrella TONED UTC Se) OSC Ce se ee Chondrothyrella PLICATHYRELLA, new subgenus Chondrothyrella with the umbilicus open. Breathing pore open- ing directly to the exterior where the last whorl is solute or through a channel in the parietal callus, connecting with the umbilicus where the last whorl is adnate to the preceding turn. Outer peristome of the inner lip not cut but folded in the middle. Type: Chondrothyrella (Plicathyrella) assimilis (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 307 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS PLICATHYRELLA Surface ort shell flelikes 22 =2 22) So Bee Sa ees Sasha Sees claudicans Surface of shell not filelike. Shell. chestnut-brown =-222-222= 32 S20 Sie ae Beet See tenebrosa Shell-horn or straw-colored—=—="——- 2 ee ee ee ee assimilis CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell varying from small to medium size in the different races, ovate, usually horn-color, sometimes brown, almost always interrupt- edly spirally banded with brown. Nuclear whorls about 2, inflated, strongly rounded, microscopically granulose; the initial portion of the first turn dark brown, the rest horn-color. Postnuclear whorls very strongly inflated and rounded, crossed by numerous more or less crowded, retractively slanting, axial riblets that vary from threads to slender low lamellae in the different races. The spiral sculpture consists of threads, which are also quite variable in strength in the divers races. The junction of these two elements renders the axial ribs somewhat sinuose and feebly nodulose at their meeting. Suture well constricted. Periphery and base inflated, strongly rounded, the latter openly umbilicated and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs and spiral threads. The last, however, are much stronger about the umbilical region than on the posterior portion of the base. Aperture very broadly oval; peristome double, the outer broadly ex- panded and reflected, more so on the inner lip than the rest, marked by radial flutings and concentric lamellae. The middle of the outer - peristome of the inner lip bears a fold which in some of the races almost amounts to a cut. The part posterior to this is reflected as a flap over the umbilicus, partly covering, or at least shielding it. Operculum thin, red or reddish, corneous with excentric nucleus, cov- ered by a heavy deposit of fine calcareous granules. Of the animal of @. (P.) assimilis assimilis Gundlach says °: “Ani- mal whitish, head with scarcely darker suffusion. Tentacles ochre colored with gray tip.” When at rest it suspends itself with a mod- ately long thread. . This species extends through the mountains of a considerable part of eastern Pinar del Rio Province. It has been found from the Sierra la Guira to Pan de Guajaibon east to Mogote de Soroa. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (P.) assimilis is shown in fig- ure 98. 5 Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 10, p. 186, 1863. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS Early postnuclear whorls distantly ribbed. Surface of shell exceedingly rough] == 23 S22 sss abronensis Surface of shell not exceedingly rough. Peristome radially rayed. Spiral cords in the umbilicus very strong----------------~ maceoi Spiral cords in the umbilicus not very strong---------~--- signata Peristome not radially rayed. Spiral threads about the umbilicus rather distantly gpnced oreo See wee ae ee assimilis Spiral threads about the umbilicus closely spaced. Spiral threads about the umbilicus very strong_---- cisnerosi Spiral threads about the umbilicus not very strong__ guirensis Karly postnuciear whorls closely ribbed__= = eee gemma FicureE 98.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyrella (Plicathyrella) assimilis: (1) cisnerosi; (2) abronensis; (3) maceoi; (4) assimilis ; (5) signata; (6) gemma; (7) guirensis. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS ABRONENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 25, FIGURE 5 This race comes from El Abron, Sierra de Limones. The junctions of the sublamellar axial ribs and spiral threads form very strong cusps, which give to this subspecies a rasplike surface. The peristome is radially rayed with brown and the early postnuclear whorls are distantly ribbed. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492732, a complete specimen, has 6 whorls and measures: Length, 13.0 mm; greater diameter, 10.2 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 309 CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS MACEOI, new subspecies PLATE 25, FIGURE 2 This race comes from Cacarajicara, 2 miles west of Rancho Lucas. It has the early postnuclear whorls distantly ribbed and the peristome radiatingly rayed with chestnut-brown; there is also a spot of the same color at the notch of the inner lip. The interrupted spiral bands of brown are narrow and faint on the spire but broader and a little more pronounced on the periphery and base. The spiral threads on the anterior half of the base are very strong, which will help to differentiate this easily from C. (P.) assimilis signata. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468748, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.0 mm; greater diameter, 12.5 mm; lesser di- ameter, 8.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS SIGNATA, new subspecies PLATE 25, FIGURE 7 This subspecies comes from the Sierra Chica south of Pan de Guajaibon. It differs from typical C. (P.) assimelis assimilis in having the peristome radiatingly rayed, and in having a faint dark line at the edge of the summit of the whorls, and from C. (P.) assimilis maceot in having the spiral cords about the umbilicus much less strongly developed. The decidedly inflated whorls are distantly ribbed on the early turns, but here the ribs closely approximate on the last whorl where the spaces that separate them are almost as narrow as the ribs, which are sublamellar and low. The interrupted spiral bands are almost continuous. The peristome of the inner lip is very broad and the flexure not profound. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468744, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.6 mm; greater diameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.8 mm, CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS ASSIMILIS (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 25, FIGURE 1 1863. Chondropoma assimile (GUNDLACH PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Bliitter, vol. 10, p. 186. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyretes) assimile HENDERSON and BaRTscH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. This subspecies comes from San Juan de Sagua, the southwest side of Pan de Guajaibon. It has the early postnuclear whorls rather distantly ribbed; the peristome is pale yellowish, without brown radiating rays. It also has the spiral threads on the anterior half of 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 the base fewer and much more distantly placed than those of C. (P.) assimilis guirensis, which it most nearly resembles. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468745, is a complete specimen, having 6.4 whorls and measuring: Length 16.3 mm; greater diameter, 11.8 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS CISNEROSI, new subspecies PLATE 25, FIGURE 6 This, the largest race of C. (P.) assimélis, was collected by Cisneros in the Sierra Rosario. It is dark horn-color, and the broken tip shows the dark columella. It is reticulately latticed but only feebly cusped at the intervals of the axial riblets and spiral threads. Within the umbilicus the spiral threads are very strong and rendered conspicu- ously cusped by the axial threads. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367882, has 3.9 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.3 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diam- eter, 9.1 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS GUIRENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 25, FIGurE 4 This race was collected by Arango in the Sierra la Guira northwest of San Diego de los Banos. It has the axial riblets on the early post- nuclear whorls very distantly spaced, while those of the last whorl are but slightly elevated and separated by spaces as wide as, or only a little wider than, the ribs. In this subspecies the spiral threads on the anterior part of the base are less strong, more numerous, and closer spaced than in C. (P.) assimilis assimilis, with which it shares a faintly yellow peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367886, has 4.7 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.0 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; lesser diam- eter, 7.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS GEMMA, new subspecies PuaTe 25, Fieurp 5 This, the smallest of all the races of this species, comes from Mogote Colorado, one of the limestone blocks on the east side of the Rio San Diego, a short distance north of San Diego de los Banos. Its minute size, combined with the closely spaced axial riblets on the early post- nuclear whorls, readily distinguishes it from the other subspecies. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468747, has 5.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.4 mm; greater diameter, 7.7 mm; lesser diam- eter, 5.9 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 311 CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) CLAUDICANS (Poey) Shell small, very broadly ovate, when truncated almost subglobular, varying in color from horn-color through orange to brown, unicolor or interruptedly spirally banded. The first portion of the nucleus is blackish brown, the rest much lighter. Peristome pale yellow. Nu- clear whorls about 2, inflated, strongly rounded, smooth except for microscopic granules. Postnuclear whorls decidedly inflated, gib- bose, strongly rounded, marked by retractively curved, axial riblets, which vary in strength from threads to low lamellae. The spiral sculpture also consists of threads, which vary considerably in strength, numbers, and spacing in the different races and also in the way they render the axial riblets wavy and nodulose at thetr junction. The axial riblets continue over the inflated periphery and base of the last whorl] into the umbilicus undiminished; the spiral threads, however, become stronger and more distantly spaced in most of the races on the anterior half of the base and in the umbilicus. Aperture very broadly ovate; peristome double, the outer broad, flaringly expanded; on the inner lip posterior to the fold almost triple the width of that of the outer lip. The outer peristome is radially fluted and marked with concentric, thin lamellae. The inner peristome is narrow, slightly exserted and reflected. The operculum is thin and reddish, has an excentric nucleus, and is covered by a deposit of minute cal- careous granules. Of the animal @. (P.) claudicans claudicans Gundlach is quoted by Pfeiffer as saying *: “Animal pale gray with lighter dots; on the edge of the side of the snout a dark spot is present. Tentacles of orange color with a clay yellow suffusion of coral-red with brownish lip.” Here he also quotes Poey as saying that the animal with an alternate lateral motion, resting now on the right side of the foot, then on the left. When at rest it suspends itself by a mucous thread. This species we found hybridizing with Chondrothyrella (Chondro- thyrella) perturbata in the gorge of the Rio Taco Taco. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) CLAUDICANS Sculpture consisting of rather sharp cusps______.___--..---____--- claudicans Sculpture. consisting .of small-nodules.u-22-..- 2.2 -----202 = culminis CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) CLAUDICANS CLAUDICANS (Poey) PLATE 27, FIGURE 4 1851. Cyclostoma claudicans Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, pp. 100-106, 444446, 454, pl. 7, figs. 8-11. 1852. Chondropoma claudicans PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- tium, vol. 1, pp. 295-296 (in part). 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyretes) claudicans HENDERSON and BARTSCH, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. ® Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 3, p. 135, 1856. Sie PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 This is the large race that is extremely abundant on the cliffs of the middle ground bordering the path to Rangel. We gathered hundreds of specimens as we made our way to the old Cafetal at the summit. These show varying degrees of umbilication. The sculp- ture is much stronger than in the other subspecies here recognized, for the junction of the axial ribs and spiral threads produces sharp cusps. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492733, is a complete individ- ual having 6.0 whorls and measuring: Length, 16.7 mm; greater diameter, 13.2 mm; lesser diameter, 9.6 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) CLAUDICANS CULMINIS, new subspecies PLATE 27, FIGURE 2 On the summit of Rangel we found on isolated limestone blocks, among the coffee plantation, many specimens that were quite uni- formly smaller, somewhat paler, and with more closely crowded and weaker axial riblets, which do not form cusps at their junction with the spiral threads but small nodules. To these we are applying the above name. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 492734, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 12.3 mm; greater diameter, 9.8 mm; lesser diameter, 7.1 mm. Similar shells were collected by Hermano Roberto at the Cueva del Rosario, east of and across the river Santa Cruz from Rangel. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) TENEBROSA (Morelet) Shell small, very broadly ovate, chestnut-brown, with faint darker interrupted spiral bands of brown; the peristome may also be chest- nut-brown or pale yellow or between these two colors. The nuclear whorls are lost in all our specimens. The postnuclear whorls are very much inflated, rotund, and crossed by slightly sublamellar, retrac- tively curved, axial riblets, which are distantly spaced on the early turns and quite closely approximated on the last whorl, passing un- diminished over the inflated periphery and base of the last whorl] into the umbilicus. The spiral sculpture consists of slender threads that render the axial riblets somewhat wavy and slightly nodulose at their junction. On the anterior half of the base and in the umbilicus the spiral threads become stronger and more distantly spaced, forming here decided cusps at their junction with the axial riblets. Aperture very broadly ovate, almost circular, peristome double, the outer very broadly expanded, radially fluted and marked with concentric lines of growth, two to three times as wide posterior to the fold on the inner lip as on the rest of the aperture. The plication on the inner lip is usually not strong. Inner peristome slightly exserted and re- CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 313 flected. Operculum red or reddish, with excentric nucleus, covered with a thick deposit of fine calcareous granules on all but the outer edge. This species, while it resembles C. (P.) assimélis, is easily distin- guished from that by being almost globular in shape. Its races all cluster about Pan de Guajaibon. Pinalillo 2 Ranche Lucas Cajmita Y) FicurEe 99.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondrothyrella (Plicathyrella) tenebrosa: (1) tenebrosa; (2) subtenebrosa; (3) caimitensis. Of the animal of @. (P.) tenebrosa tenebrosa, Gundlach says*: “Animal with olive-gray head, neck gray, with Turk blue suffusion, both with white dots which are especially marked about the eyes and base of the tentacles. Foot gray. Tentacles ferruginous with white dots. Eyes black.” Distribution of the subspecies of C. (P.) tenebrosa is shown in figure 99. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) TENEBROSA Peristome and parietal callus chestnut-brown------------------- _-- tenebrosa Peristome and parietal callus yellow with a brownish wash. Peristome radially rayed__--------------------------------- caimitensis Peristome not radially rayed——----2—_-_=-_—= isteseeeeoees = subtenebrosa —— 7 Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 3, p. 135, 1863. 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) TENEBROSA TENEBROSA (Morelet) PLATE 27, FIGURE 3 1849. Cyclostoma tenebrosum More Et, Testacea novissima insulae Cubanae et Americae Centralis, pp. 23-24. 1852. Chondropoma tenebrosum PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum vi- ventium, vol. 1, pp. 295-296. 1920. Chondrothyra (Chondrothyretes) tenebrosa HENDERSON and BARTSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 64. This subspecies comes from Rancho Lucas on the northeast side of Pan de Guajaibon. It has the peristome and callus of the parietal wall chestnut-brown. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 11026, was collected by Wright ; it has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.5 mm; greater diameter, 13.0 mm; lesser diameter, 18.9 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) TENEBROSA CAIMITENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 27, FIGURE 5 In this race, from Caimito, southwest of Pan de Guajaibon, the peristome is yellow, with a brownish wash. The part of the outer peristome on the inner lip posterior to the fold is definitely pale chestnut-brown; the rest is rayed with radiating zones of brown. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 11003, was also collected by Wright. It has 4.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.9 mm; greater diameter, 12.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) TENEBROSA SUBTENEBROSA, new subspecies PLATE 27, FIGURE 1 This subspecies was collected by Wright at Pinalillo, Sitio del Pinar, north-central part of Pan de Guajaibon. It has the peristome pale yellow, without radiating rays. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367885, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.1 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA, new subgenus Chondrothyrella with the umbilicus closed by the reflected inner Sip of the outer peristome. The breathing pore connects with the umbilicus by a slender space in the parietal callus; the breathing is accomplished through the hollow axis and the decollated apex. Type: Chondrothyrella (Chondrothyrella) pudica (Orbigny). CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 315 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROTHYRELLA Axial sculpture very fine and closely spaced_--------~----~------------ pudica Axial sculpture only moderately fine and not closely spaced. Umbilicus open or closed; tip cinnabar red_-------~----------- perturbata Umbilicus closed; tip not cinnabar red. She liles tire CO] Oe ee ee eee excisa Shell not straw-color. Shell brown. @olumella’ witha; redsspot-=== + = = 2 ee ottonis Columella without a red spot. Shell@proadly.0Vvates= 2-2 see eee ee cuzcoensis Shellmovateses= == eee eo petricosa CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) PUDICA (Orbigny) PLATE 24, Figures 3, 4 1842. Cyclostoma pudicum Orpieny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 259-260, pl. 22, fig. 6, 7, 8’’, not 8 or 8’. 1851. Cyclostoma sericatum Moretet, Testacea novissima insulae Cubanae et Americae Centralis, pt. 2, p. 20. Shell broadly ovate, almost turbinate, varying in general tone of color from brown to plum color. Nuclear whorls flesh-color, with a dark point at the tip, gradually turning darker toward the end of the nuclear spire. The peristome is yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 2.2, smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by retractively slanting, slender, sub- lamellar axial riblets, which are more distantly spaced on the early whorls than on the last, where they are rather crowded. The spiral sculpture consists of threads, which are a little stronger than the axial riblets. The intersections of the axial riblets and the spiral threads form weak elongated nodules having their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded with a rather well-impressed umbilical region, which is marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and spiral cords. The latter are a trifle stronger on the base than on the poste- rior portion of the whorl. Aperture large, very broadly oval; peristome double, the outer broadly expanded, not quite all in one plane, marked by concentric lines of growth and radiating corru- gations; the outer peristome is deeply notched a little anterior to the middle on the inner lip; the portion posterior to this notch is re- flected over the umbilical area as a broad callus completely covering the umbilicus; on the parietal wall the outer peristome is reflected over the preceding turn and adnate to it; the inner scarcely at all 316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 elevated above the outer, slightly reflected and appressed to it. The breathing pore is at some little distance behind the peristome on the parietal wall and close to the posterior angle of the aperture. The operculum is thin, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. This species was found abundantly on the limestone cliffs and talus slopes on the north side of Mount Guajaibon, near the western end of the mountain, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. The specimen described and figured is a complete individual, hav- ing 6.0 whorls, and measuring: Length, 14.2 mm; greater diameter, 10.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.5 mm. The chubby shape, fine sculpture, and dark color pattern with the brilliantly contrasted peristome give this race a very distinct aspect. This species was described by Orbigny in 1842 in Sagra’s Histoire de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 259-260, and figured on plate 22, figures 6, 7, and 8’’, but not 8 or 8’. Figures 8 and 8’ represent an operculum belonging to Rhytidothyra bilabiata Orbigny, the shell of which is figured on the same plate as 3, 4, and 5, but without operculum. The case simply represents a transposition of the operculum from the one species to the other. Morelet, failing to recognize this transposition, renamed the shell Cyclostoma sericatum. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) PERTURBATA, new species PLATE 24, FIGURE 2 Shell very broadly ovate, the nuclear tip with an orange initial portion followed by horn-colored turns. The postnuclear whorls are bright orange, which usually becomes diluted on the last or some- times the last two turns. Peristome pale yellow. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, strongly rounded, smooth; the postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by slender, retractively slanting, axial riblets and stronger spiral threads. The intersection of the two forms elongated nodules whose long axis corresponds with the axial sculpture. The spaces enclosed between the axial riblets and the spiral threads are rectangular pits, having their long axis also in agreement with the axial sculpture. Suture strongly im- pressed ; periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked like the spire. Aperture very broadly oval; peristome double; the inner slightly exserted and appressed to the outer, which is broadly flaringly expanded, somewhat fluted and marked by slender concentric lamina. The outer peristome is cut in the middle of the inner lip and the posterior portion is reflected over the umbilicus as a broad flap, completely closing this. The parietal wall is covered with a heavy callus. Operculum thin, paucispiral, corneous, with a heavy deposit of calcareous granules. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 317 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 422735, was collected by Henderson and Bartsch in the gorge of the Taco Taco River about a mile from its entrance. It has 4.4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.5 mm; greater diameter, 10.8 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. This species is a very perturbing element, for we are here un- doubtedly dealing with a hybrid problem in which one extreme is ex- emplified by the above description, and since a large number of in- dividuals in our series represent this type, we are bestowing upon it the name perturbata. There are intergrades between this and the openly umbilicated @. (Plicathyrella) claudicans (Poey), and the range of color variation extends from the picture portrayed in our description to that of the dark form of typical 0. (P.) claudicans. It is doubly interesting since two of the subgenera, namely, Chondro- thyrella and Plicathyrella, find representations in the hybrid complex. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) EXCISA (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 24, Figure 1 1863. Chondropoma ercisum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Bliitter, vol. 10, pp. 187-188. Shell very broadly ovate, pale yellow, with interrupted spiral bands of brown. The elements composing these bands are arranged in both axial and spiral series. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens, a portion of the last volution only remaining, which is smooth except that at its termination it shows the beginning of the axial sculpture of the postnuclear turns. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by slender, almost. sub- lamellose, closely spaced, retractively slanting axial riblets, which are a little more distantly spaced on the early turns than the later. These riblets on the last whorl are separated by spaces about the width of the riblets. The spiral sculpture is very feeble on the first of the postnuclear whorls and slowly increases in strength with the succeeding turns. The spiral threads are considerably stronger than the axial lamellae and render these wavy. Of these spiral threads, 8 are present on the second, 18 upon the third, and the last between the summit and the suture. On the last turn the intersection of the spiral threads with the axial riblets produces alongated oval tubercles, which have their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. Periph- ery inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, broadly um- bilicated, well rounded, and marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and 20 spiral threads, equaling those of the anterior por- tion of the last whorl in strength and spacing. Within the umbilicus the spiral sculpture appears to be absent, at least as far as can be seen through the slit when it is open. Aperture very broadly oval; peristome double, the outer broadly expanded, almost flattened, 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 marked by concentric lines of growth and almost obsolete corruga- tions; the outer peristome is cut a little anterior to the middle of the inner lip, and posterior to this it is very broadly expanded to at least treble the width of the rest of the outer peristome, the expanded portion extending over the umbilicus as a fold, which it frequently completely covers though at times only partly so; the outer peristome of the parietal wall is a little narrower than on the rest of the shell and is appressed to and adnate with the preceding turn; the outer peristome shows the color bands as reddish-brown rays; inner per- istome somewhat expanded and slightly reflected. The breathing pore is at some little distance behind the peristone on the parietal wall and close to the posterior angle of the aperture. The operculum is thin, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492992, comes from the north side of Guajaibon without specific designation as to what particular portion of the north part. It has a little more than 4 whorls and measures: Length, 12.3 mm; greater diameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.3 mm. We have also seen this species from Cacarajicara, a little north of Guajaibon. Of this species Gundlach * says: “On paradones on the northern slope of Guajaibon. Animal whitish with still whiter dots on the rugosities and especially about the eyes. Head with reddish suffu- sion. Antennae coral-red with white tip. When at rest, suspended by a moderately long mucous thread.” CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) OTTONIS (Pfeiffer) Shell moderately large, ovate, ranging from flesh-color to pur- plish brown, unicolor or banded with interrupted spiral bands of brown; peristome white or yellowish. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by retractively slanting axial riblets, of which the early ones are usually a little more distantly spaced than the later. The spiral sculpture consists of numerous, very slender threads, like the axial riblets also varying in number and spacing in the different races, Suture well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and spiral threads, the latter usually a little stronger about the umbilicus than on the rest of the base. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer flaringly expanded, marked by con- centric laminae, deeply notched on the middle of the inner lip, posterior to which it is reflected over the umbilicus which it com- ® Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 10, p. 188, 1863. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 319 pletely covers, and frequently also the area adjacent to the umbili- cus; on the parietal wall it extends over the preceding turn to which it is adnate. Inner peristome exserted, slightly reflected. Breathing pore on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture a little behind the peristome. Operculum with the nucleus halfway between marginal and central, the outside covered with a rather thick deposit of calcareous granules. This species ranges through the mountains north of Candelaria to Cuzco. The animal of @. (@.) ottonis ottonis has the body flesh-color, with smoky suffusion; the eye stalks are coral-red. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) OTTONIS Peristame swith radiating Jines: of, browne ottonis Peristome without radiating lines of brown -----------_____--~-~ riohondensis CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) OTTONIS OTTONIS (Pfeiffer) PLATE 26, FIGURE 5 1846. Cyclostoma ottonis Preirrer, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 3, p. 45. This subspecies is very abundant along the stone fences and lime- stone exposures about Taburete, La Tumba, and Soton. It is elongate-ovate, dark in color with feeble brown radiations on the outer peristome. It differs from C. (C.) ottonis riohondensis in having the whorls much less inflated and possessing the radiation of the outer peristome. The figured specimen, U.S.N.M. no. 499591, was collected by Bartsch at Taburete. It has 4.7 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.0 mm; greater diameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) OTTONIS RIOHONDENSIS, new subspecies PLate 26, Ficure 4 This race extends through the mountains from Rio Hondo north- ward through Pena Blanca and El Mulo. It varies somewhat in color but is usually paler than the typical race, with the whorls much more inflated and the peristome white without radiation. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493004, comes from Rio Hondo. It has 4.9 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.3 mm; greater diameter, 12.9 mm; lesser diameter, 9.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) CUZCOENSIS, new species Shell varying in shape from ovate to broadly ovate and in color from flesh-color to brown, unicolor or interruptedly spirally lined with brown; peristome white or faintly rayed with brown. Nuclear 320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 whorls about 2, small, strongly rounded, smooth, with a dark spot at the beginning. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked with very slender sublamellar axial ribs, which are closely crowded but only about one-half or less as wide as the spaces that separate them. The spiral sculpture consists of slender threads, which are less strong than the axial riblets and which render these somewhat wavy, scarcely denticulate. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked like the spire. Aperture broadly oval; peri- stome double, the inner little exserted, reflected upon and adnate to the outer which is broadly expanded, somewhat fluted and marked with feeble concentric lamellae, cut in the middle of the inner lip, with the posterior portion of this covering the umbilicus; parietal wall covered with a heavy callus. Breathing pore on the parietal wall near the posterior angle at some distance from the edge, com- municating with the umbilicus and the exterior through the hollow axis and the decollated apex. Operculum paucispiral, covered with a moderately strong calcareous deposit. This species ranges through the mountains a little east and west and north of Candelaria. We recognize two subspecies, which the following key will help to distinguish: KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) CUZCOENSIS Whoris decidely inflated_~_-__~-~.2~_~-_=+-_-_--=~__+--i---- cearoli Whorls not decidedly inflated__-----~ SNE ee ee eee cuzcoensis CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) CUZCOENSIS CAROLI, new subspecies PLATE 24, FIGURE 5 This race, which is rather thin-shelled, usually pale horn-color, and interruptedly spirally lined, is decidedly inflated and has very many very slender axial riblets. It comes from the region of Soroa. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367888, was collected by Carlos de la Torre, Jr., at the Finca Sostenido. It has 3.8 whorls and measures: Length, 15.0 mm; greater diameter, 10.8 mm; lesser diameter, 8.3 mm. Its decidedly inflated whorls easily distinguish it from C. (C.) cuzcoensis cuzcoensis. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) CUZCOENSIS CUZCOENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 24, FIGURE 6 In this subspecies the shell is much less inflated and the axial riblets a little less slender and less closely spaced than in (. (@.) cwa- coensis caroli. Its distribution is more extensive. We have collected CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 321 it in the mountains north of Candelaria, at Frias, La Tumba, Finca Dolores, and El Mogote. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499592, comes from Loma Pimienta, 7 miles north of Candelaria. It has 4.4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.9 mm; greater diameter, 9.5 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) PETRICOSA (Morelet) Shell elongate-ovate, thin, varying in color from flesh-color to pale yellow, through pale brown to purplish brown, unicolor or spirally banded; the peristome is yellowish or brownish and rayed. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, slightly shouldered at the summit, marked by retractively slanting, sublamellar axial riblets, which are rather closely spaced. These riblets are rendered wavy by spiral threads, which slightly thicken them at their junction with the axial riblets. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and spiral threads, the latter becoming a little stronger toward the umbilicus. Aperture very broadly oval; peri- stome double, the outer flaringly expanded, deeply notched on the middle of the inner lip and reflected over the umbilicus and part of the base posterior to the notch, extending broadly upon the pre- ceding whorl on the parietal wall, marked by concentric laminae and slightly fluted; inner peristome slightly exserted and slightly re- flected. Breathing pore on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture and at some little distance behind the peristome. Operculum with the nucleus half way between marginal and cen- tral, marked on the outside by a rather thick deposit of calcareous granules. This race is found over the eastern end of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, and the western end of Habana Province. It breaks up into several subspecies. Of C. (C.) petricosa petricosa collected on stone fences near Vente, Almendares, Habana Province, July 12, 1928, we have the following color note: Animal flesh-colored, with smoky suffusion and many fine white elongated spots; tentacles dull brownish orange, whitish at base; foot short, bifid; motion of two sides alternate. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) PETRICOSA Bs COTE Issel ee petricosa Sculpture not feeble. Shell dark browns-22 === pis oe ee a ee ee elisabethae SELIM OTe CO] O Tee a a a ee anafensis 66879—38——9 322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) PETRICOSA PETRICOSA (Morelet) PLATE 26, FIGURE 2 1851. Cyclostoma petricosum Moreter, Testacea novissima insulae Cubanae et Americae Centralis, pt. 2, pp. 19-20. This subspecies, which was described by Morelet from Almendares, is characterized by its enfeebled sculpture, which gives it a worn aspect. The color of it varies throughout the range of the species, and it is also quite variable in size. It ranges westward to the Sierra Anafe and Guanjay. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 492995, is a topotype from Almendares. It has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.5 mm; greater diameter, 9.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.9 mm. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) PETRICOSA ELISABETHAE, new subspecies PLATE 26, FIGURE 3 This subspecies possesses a much stronger and rougher sculpture than the typical form and is almost black in coloration, with strong radiating rays on the outer peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 499596, was collected by Dr. Aguayo on the Ariguanabo River. It has 4.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 12.8 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. We have also seen this race from San Antonio and Santiago de las Vegas and the region about Chorrera. CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) PETRICOSA ANAFENSIS, new subspecies PLATE 26, FIGURE 1 On the summit of the Anafe hills we find a form that, while be- longing to this species, differs materially from typical C. (@.) petri- cosa, which is found at the base of the hills, in having the sculpture ever so much stronger and in this respect resembling C. (C.) petri- cosa elisabethae. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493001, comes from the summit of Sierra Anafe and has 4.5 whorls remaining. It measures: Length, 15.0 mm; greater diameter, 9.4 mm; lesser diameter, 6.5 mm. Genus CHONDROPOMA Pfeiffer 1847. Chondropoma Prertrrgrr, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 6, p. 109. Shell ranging in form from turbinate to elongate-conic; the sculp- ture in varying intensity may consist of axial ribs only or of axial CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 323 ribs and finer axial threads or of axial ribs and spiral threads. AI], even those without spiral sculpture on spire and base, have spiral threads on the umbilical wall. No special breathing device is de- veloped in the members of this genus. The operculum is simple; that is, it consists of a chondroid plate made up of a varying number of whorls, the outer thin edges of which are sometimes faintly upturned to form a suggestion of an obsolete lamella. The outer surface of the operculum has a deposit of calcareous granules, which is usually very slight but in some species rather pronounced. In no instance is this entirely absent. The position of the opercular nucleus, whether excentric or subcentral, depends upon the shape of the aperture. Type: Cyclostoma sagra Orbigny. Selected by Petit in 1850. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS CHONDROPOMA Junctions of axial ribs and spiral threads forming sharp cusps. Outer peristome broadly expanded__----____--__--_-_- Chondropomartes Outer peristome not broadly expanded___---__----__ ---- Chondropomisca Junctions of the axial ribs and spiral threads not forming sharp cusps. Shellevery*bEoOadlysovalens = 2025 S22 eae eee Gutierrezium Shell not very broadly ovate. Axial ribs gathered into tufts at the summit of the whorls. Axial ribs threadlike; sculpture reticulated_____ Chondropomorus Axial ribs sublamellar; sculpture vertebrated___ Chondropomodes Axial ribs not gathered into tufts at the summit of the X40 0) el She Ri cn pe Se ee ee Chondropoma Subgenus CHONDROPOMA Pfeiffer 1847. Chondropoma PFEIFFER, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 6, p. 109. Shell ranging in form from ovate-conic to elongate-conic. The axial sculpture consists of ribs or riblets, which vary considerably in strength in the different species. The riblets are never gathered into tufts at the summit. The spiral sculpture is also quite variable, but regardless of its strength it is found upon all parts of the spire and base. The peristome may be simple or expanded. No breathing device is present. Operculum typically chondropomoid. Type: Cyclostoma sagra Orbigny=Chondropoma (Chondropomea) pictum sagra Orbigny. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROPOMA Axial sculpture stronger than spiral. Sheliaclongate-conle=——. == = oe eee marginalbum Shell ovate. Sutunerstronely, denticulate:— 2 ee carenasense Suture. not strously denticulateco2 == — 22 ea eee obesum 324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 Axial sculpture not stronger than spiral. Axial and spiral sculpture of equal strength. Axial ribs strong, and distantly spaced==—— == = oxytremum Axial ribs fine and. closely spaced-_—==2-=-- = = edouardi Axial and spiral sculpture not of equal strength. Spiral sculpture stronger than axial. Summit of the whorls strongly denticulate. Spiral sculpture sublamellar. Shell moderately slender_____---___--~- ye ee cabrerai Shell ‘rather ‘stout22=- 4 == SEE perlatum Spiral sculpture not sublamellar. Spiral sculpture consisting of slender threads. Peristome simple. Shell elongate-conic___-______--_-- vespertinum Shell\ ovate 22. oe he jaulense Peristome double. Peristome strongly auriculate at posterior angle. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded_ nicolasi Postnuclear whorls not strongly rounded. appendiculatum Peristome not strongly auriculate at posterior angle. Outer peristome of inner lip very broad. pfeifferianum Outer peristome of inner lip not very broad. Denticulations at summit distant. poeyanum Denticulations at summit very close. laetum Summit of the whorls minutely denticulate. Shell strongly inflated, rotund. Péristome.< simples22222 = eee moestuin Peristome double. Suture. channeled===— = ==- = s22-= == --- garcianum Suture not channeled. Outer peristome rather broadly expanded. antonense Outer peristome not broadly expanded__ yucayum Shell not strongly inflated, not rotund. Shell elongate-ovate. Suture channeledi 222222222 wilcoxi Suture not channeled. Peristome simple, 2-2-2220 22555222— cognatum Peristome double. Outer peristome auriculate at posterior angles:-=22. ee leoni Outer peristome not auriculate at posterior angles. Whorls strongly rounded_------~- pictum Whorls almost flattened__-----~- lembeyi CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 325 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) POEYANUM (Orbigny) Complete shell elongate-conic; truncated shell very elongate-ovate. Ground color ranging from flesh-color through straw-color to pale brown; the whorls are marked by interrupted spiral bands of brown. Nuclear whorls almost 2, forming a somewhat truncated apex; smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows indication of both axial and spiral sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded and narrowly shouldered, the shoulder being marked by denticles of somewhat varying strength. The axial sculpture con- sists of obsolete threads and incremental lines, while the spiral sculp- ture consists of rather strong, distantly spaced threads. Suture nar- rowly channeled. Perphery well rounded. Base short, well rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated, marked by the continuation of the lines of growth and spiral cords. There are also spiral cords present on the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly oval; peristome single or dou- ble, when double the outer and inner one fused on the outer lip but very distinct on the inner and basal lip. Operculum thin, paucispiral with the nucleus half way between submarginal and subcentral. Of the animal Gundlach ® says: “Animal pale, head and tentacles with clay-yellow coloration. Black dots are present on the side flaps of the snout and upon the head and neck. The upper side of the ten- tacles is blackish and their tip clay-yellow and shining. Eyes small and very dark.” This is a coastwise species that ranges from Santa Cruz del Norte westward to the Cabanas Light. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) POEYANUM Whorls inflated. Peristome decidedly thickened__----------------- ee eee jibacoense Peristome not decidedly thickened_-_-----_-----~--~------------ occidentale Whois notintated =] a=— a ee ee ee poeyanum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPGMA) POEYANUM JIBACOENSE, new subspecies PLATE 30, FIGcuRE 5 This is the easternmost representative of this species. It comes from Santa Cruz del Norte, Habana Province. Here we have a comparatively thin shell of pale horn-color, interruptedly spirally banded or maculated with rather broad, poorly developed, and more or less closely spaced denticulations at the summit. The axial sculp- ture is emphasized more than in the typical race, while the spiral is less developed, and this gives to the posterior portion of the whorl ® Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 3, p. 131, 1856. 326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM You. 85 a somewhat feeble obsoletely reticulated aspect. The peristome is thickened and the inner lip conspicuously double. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493008, has 3.38 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 12.2 mm; greater diameter, 7.4 mm; lesser diam- eter, 6.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) POEYANUM POEYANUM (Orbigny) PLATE 30, FIGURE 6 1842. Cyclostoma poeyanum OrRBIGNY, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 264, pl. 22, figs. 24-27. 1851. Chondropoma poeyanum Pretir¥FER, Zeitschr. Malak., 1851, p. 172 (in part). 1856. Chondropoma tenuwiliratum PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 3, pp. 48-49. This subspecies comes from the immediate vicinity of Habana, being particularly abundant about the coastal ridge between Cabanas and Cojimar. The typical form is more inclined to a cylindro-conic shape than the two other subspecies, which have more inflated whorls. Here we find the range of variation from the simple to the double lip in every gathering, which makes it necessary to fuse tenuilirata with this subspecies. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 104483, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 12.6 mm; greater diam- eter, 7.2 mm; lesser diameter, 6.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) POEYANUM OCCIDENTALE, new subspecies PLATE 30, FIGURE 7 This race occupies the west range of the species. We have it from Cabanas Light. The shell is thin and shining, and the spiral sculp- ture is enfeebled, giving the axial sculpture greater prominence by contrast. The whorls are inflated, in this respect resembling C. (C.) poeyanum jibacoense, but here the shell is much thinner and the peristome much less thickened and less conspicuously double on the inner lip. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367791, comes from Cabanas Light. It has 3.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.8 mm; greater diam- eter, 7.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) LEMBEYI, new species PLATE 30, FIGURE 8 The truncated shell is elongate-ovate. The first of the remaining whorls is pale brown, the rest flesh-color, marked by interrupted spiral lines of brown; the elements making up these bands are ar- ranged in both axial and spiral series and not infrequently become CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 327 confluent in both directions; the partial wall is purplish brown. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, which is finely denticulated, the denticles varying in strength and spacing in different individuals. The axial sculpture consists of slender, retractively slanting threads, while the spiral consists of rather strong spiral cords, of which 7 are present on the first of the remaining turns, 12 on the second, and 13 on the last whorl. Suture well constricted, narrowly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl somewhat inflated, strongly rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial lines of growth and spiral cords, which are as strong as those on the spire. Within the umbili- cus, however, the spiral cords become slightly weakened. Umbilicus narrow, open. Aperture rather large, decidedly oblique. Peristome double; the inner slightly exserted; the outer widely expanded all around and a little more so on the columella than the rest, usually adnate to the preceding turn, although in some shells it is free from it, which gives to the last whorl the impression of being slightly solute. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with the nucleus halfway be- tween the submarginal and subcentral, covered on the outside with a thin deposit of calcareous granules. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367791, comes from San Antonio de los Banos. It has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.6 mm, greater diameter, 17.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.4 mm. This species has probably been confused in the past with @. (C.) temulirata Pfeiffer, which we have now been forced to make a syno- nym of C. (C.) poeyanum. It occupies a range south of pfe7fferi- anum in Habana Province and is easily distinguished from this by its stronger sculpture and by the fact that the peristome is expanded all around. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) LEONI, new species PLATE 30, Figure 10 The truncated shell is very elongate-ovate. Nuclear whorls decol- lated in all our specimens. The remaining whorls flesh-color with interrupted spiral bands of brown, of which the one at the periphery is a little more conspicuous than the rest. This is usually also the case in the one on the middle of the base, which almost equals it in strength. The whorls remaining are well rounded, narrowly obliquely shouldered at the summit, and marked by weak, retractively slanting, axial threads. The spiral sculpture consists of conspicuous spiral threads, of which 10 are present between summit and suture on the first of the remaining whorls and 17 on the rest. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral threads form very weak indications of nodules, while the spaces enclosed between them form shallow rectangular 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 pits. Suture not channeled. Periphery of the last whorl strongly rounded. Base narrowly, openly umbilicated, slightly inflated, well rounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which here become intensified, and spiral threads equaling those on the spire in strength; within the umbilicus, however, these become a little weaker and more closely spaced. On the base proper the junctions of the axial ribs and spiral threads form slender nodules. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, conspicuously expanded all around, the outer forming a rather strong auricle at the posterior angle, less expanded on the posterior half of the outer lip than on the rest, and most expanded on the basal half of the inner lip; the entire outer peristome shows wavy concentric lines; the outer peristome is adnate to the preceding turn on the parietal wall; the inner peristome is somewhat exserted and distinct all around. Operculum thin, pau- cispiral, with the nucleus halfway between submarginal and subcen- tral, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. Field notes by Bartsch made on July 27, 1928, describe the animal as follows: Dorsum pale gray, semitranslucent, with innumerable minute white spots, which are most concentrated about the base of the tentacles and render this area paler than the rest. Edge of snout with a faint olive tinge. Tentacles orange with buffish tip, the latter not ex- panded. Sides of body and sole of foot gray, with olivaceous tinge. Sole deeply medially cleft; wave motion of the two sides alternate. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493032, was collected by John B. Henderson on the north slope of the Sierra de Anafe, Pinar del Rio. It has a little more than 3 whorls and measures: Length, 16.6 mm; greater diameter, 9.6 mm; lesser diameter, 7.9 mm. The Sierra Anafe has furnished a number of interesting species, and this is another. The expanded peristome and auriculation at the posterior angle readily distinguish this from the other species that group around pictum, pfeifferianum, poeyanum, and lembeyi. This suggests Chondropoma (Chondropoma) cabrerai but is at once distinguished in having the whorls much more inflated and much weaker sculpture and in having the posterior angle less conspicuously auriculate. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CABRERAI, new species PLATE 30, FIGURE 9 Shell elongate-conic, the truncated form has almost a cylindric ap- pearance, pale horn ground color, marked by distantly spaced, inter- CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 329 rupted spiral spots of brown, which are arranged in axial series and make the dark coloration appear more in the nature of axial streaks than spiral elements. On the base, however, this state of affairs is reversed and the brown spots become almost confluent spirally. This color scheme shines through the thin texture of the outer lip and extends over the pale inner and outer peristome, whose ground color is bluish white. Whorls moderately rounded, rather sharply denticu- lated on the narrow shoulder and marked by feeble, retractively slanting incremental lines and rather strong flattened spiral cords, of which six are present on the first and second of the remaining turns; on the later a finely intercalated slender thread appears in the middle between these and on the last whorl this thread reaches the strength of the rest. The base bears the same sculpture as the spire, but the spiral sculpture of the umbilical wall is much enfeebled, ap- pearing as mere lines. Suture moderately constricted; periphery somewhat inflated, well rounded. Base short, slightly inflated, well rounded. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the inner slightly exserted, reflected over and adnate to the outer. The inner broadly expanded, more so on the columellar wall than on the basal portion of the outer lip, subauriculate at the posterior angle. Operculum paucispiral, with the nucleus halfway between the marginal and sub- central and covered with a thin deposit of calcareous granules. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367793, was collected by Cabrera at El Vol- can, south of Managua. It has 3.9 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.3 mm; greater diameter, 9.1 mm; lesser diameter, 6.7 mm. In many ways this species resembles C. (@.) Jeon? but differs from it in having the whorls much less inflated and in having the much stronger sculpture. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PFEIFFERIANUM (Poey) Shell large, when perfect elongate-conic, when truncated very elongate-ovate, varying from flesh-color to chestnut-brown, with darker interrupted spiral bands of brown; the dots composing these are always arranged in both axial and spiral series and usually be- come confluent axially, giving the shell an axially banded aspect rather than a spirally banded one. Interior of aperture pale brown. Peristome yellowish horn-color with the dark bands showing. Nuclear whorls almost 2, forming a truncated apex, all smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows indication of both axial and spiral sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, which is rendered crenulated by slender nodules. These become very irregular, both in strength and spacing on the later turns. The axial sculpture con- 330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 sists of slender threads on the early whorls which become decidedly enfeebled on the later turns, changing here to mere incremental lines. The spiral sculpture consists of threads, also not strongly developed. The junctions of the axial riblets and spiral threads do not form nodules even on the early turns. Suture narrowly channeled. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, somewhat inflated, well rounded, openly moderately broadly umbilicated, marked like the upper portion of the last whorl by incremental lines and spiral threads, those on the umbilical wall equaling those on the outside in strength. The last whorl is usually solute for a slight fraction of a turn. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the outer and inner coextensive on the outer lip, slightly separated on the parietal wall and the basal lip and very strongly so on the inner lip where the outer peristome forms a broadly expanded shelflike element, and the inner projects materially above it at a little Jess acute angle. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with the nucleus halfway between submarginal and subcentral, the outside covered with a thin granular deposit. Of this species Gundlach says?°: “Animal pale, the interior of the head and neck somewhat rose-colored, which is also the color of the tentacles whose tip is clay yellow. The body is marked above by whitish spots and darkish dots which form a curved band upon the head below the tentacles and still other dots upon the head become concentrated on the edge and form a V-shaped figure with the angle pointing forward. The upper part of the tentacles is rendered grey by a countless number of blackish atoms.” Poey in dedicating this species differentiates it from @. (C.) pictum, but he does not mention a type locality. Pfeiffer figures a specimen that plainly shows a member of the complex we now recog- nize as this subspecies. It probably comes from Mangaro, which we know was one of his collecting grounds. This is a lowland species, found in the stone fences, under rocks and logs. It also ascends the hills in the region about Habana where it replaces C. (@.) pictum. This species was first collected by Poey at La Loma Tetas de Managua. Pfeiffer later listed it from the Loma Camoa from which he had received specimens collected by Gundlach, and this has been held by some to be the type locality. The typical form, however, must be restricted to Poey’s collecting ground, as stated above. The characteristics of pfetfferianum are a denticulated suture, double lip, usually dark inner lip, and usually a dark tip. 10 Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 3, pp. 182-133. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 331 We are recognizing three subspecies, which the following key will help to differentiate : KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PFEIFFERIANUM Decollated shell more than 14 mm long. Shell@prowlhe noose ees eo Sa ee eee SS camoense SHelen Ot DROWN see ee ee eee ck a pfeifferianum Decollated shell less than 12 mm long__------- ee ee ganuzaense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PFEIFFERIANUM CAMOENSE, new subspecies PLATE 30, FIGURE 1 This subspecies comes from Camoa, Habana Province. It is the largest race and almost always has a chestnut-brown color, only occa- sionally are brownish horn-color individuals found. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493066, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 21.5 mm; greater diameter, 11.1 mm; lesser diam- eter, 9.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PFEIFFERIANUM PFEIFFERIANUM Poey PLATE 30, Ficure 2 1851. Cyclostoma pfeifferianum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 419. 1853. Chondropoma pfeifferianum PFEIFFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabi- net, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 374, pl. 48, figs. 38-40. This, the typical race, we have seen from Chorrera, Managua, La Alianza, Tapaste, Loma de Candella, and Loma de Coca in Habana Province. Here the shell is usually flesh-color, though sometimes pale brown. It is interruptedly spirally banded on spire and base with occasionally a continuous peripheral and subperipheral band of brown. It is easily differentiated from C. (C.) pfeifferianum camo- ense, which is larger and almost always brown. C. (C.) pfeiffer- ianum ganuzaense is easily distinguished by its smaller size. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493053, is one received from Poey. It quite closely resembles Pfeiffer’s figure. It has 3.6 whorls and measures: Length, 14.5 mm; greater diameter, 8.5 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PFEIFFERIANUM GANUZAENSE, new subspecies PLATE 30, F1IcurE 3 This subspecies comes from Ganuza, Habana Province. It is a diminutive race, having all the attributes of C. (C.) pfeifferianum precfiertanum except size. 332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493064, has 3.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.9 mm; greater diameter, 7.4 mm; lesser diam- eter, 6.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PERLATUM (Gundlach) Poey PLATE 30, FIGURE 12 1858. Cyclostoma perlatum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, p. 38. 1858. Chondropoma perlaium PrrIrreR, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- tium, suppl. 1, p. 144. Shell elongate-conic, thin, pale horn-color, with interrupted spiral bands of brown; the dots composing these bands are placed at con- siderable distances apart in the spiral series. They are also arranged in axial series and are present on both spire and base, and show within the aperture, which is a trifle paler inside than outside. Peri- stome soiled white. At the summit of the whorls there are low, feebly developed, distantly spaced denticles of whitish color. Nuclear whorls 2.2, strongly inflated, rounded and smooth, except the last portion, which shows the feeble beginnings of the postnuclear sculp- ture. Postnuclear whorls well rounded and marked by rather dis- tantly spaced, acute, slender spiral keels, of which 5 are present on the first of the remaining turns in the specimen described, and 9 on the last turn. The axial sculpture is reduced to mere lines of growth on the last turn, being a trifle stronger on the early turns. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery strongly rounded. Base strongly rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated, and marked like the spire. Interior of the umbilicus also marked by spiral cords, but here they are a little broader and more closely spaced. Aper- ture broadly ovate, slightly oblique; peristome double, the outer broadly expanded on the inner lip, a little less so on the basal and still less so on the outer lip, not conspicuously auriculated at the posterior angle; on the parietal wall it is very narrow and adnate to the preceding turn; the outer peristome is composed of a series of concentric lamellae; inner peristome a little thicker than the outer, moderately elevated above it, slightly expanded and slightly re- flected. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no, 493071, is a cotype from District Limonar near Matanzas, Cuba. It has a little more than 4 whorls and measures: Length, 15.2 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 333 The animal of this species was described from a specimen taken by Bartsch on the mogote opposite Mogote Caoba on the east side of the road between Coliseo and Banos de los San Miguel, July 24, 1928. The animal is short, with the forehead with numerous short streaks and dots of brown, which give it a marbled appearance. The sole of the foot is flesh-color, with a faint grayish suffusion, cleft deeply medially; the motion of the two sides being alternate. The eyes with a whitish ring, which extends to the base of the tentacles. Im- mediately beyond these the upper surface of the tentacles for half their length is dirty white, while the under part and the rest are orange with a brownish tinge, except the extreme tip, which is slightly expanded and grayish. There is a darker line composed of numerous fine black dots extending from the tentacles backward on the sides. The side of the body is pale ashy gray, the areolations marked by innumerable white dots. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM (Pfeiffer) Shell elongate-conic, thin, ranging in color from bluish white through pale straw-color to buff and rather dark purplish brown, unicolor, or marked by interrupted spiral bands of brown, which sometimes become almost continuous. In the dark-colored specimens the bands are obscured but can usually be seen by transmitted light within the aperture. Nuclear whorls almost 2, well rounded, smooth, forming an almost truncated apex. The anterior half of the nuclear turns is pale brown, while the rest is white. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by obsolete, retractively slanting axial threads and varicial streaks, which are of irregular spacing. At intervals there are obsolete nodulous thick- enings of some of the riblets at the summit. The spiral sculpture consists of low rounded threads, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture well constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, narrowly, openly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial sculpture and spiral threads, the latter are here a little less strong than those on the spire, and a little more closely spaced. Both the axial and spiral sculpture are present on the umbilical wall. Aperture moderately large, ovate; peristome simple, slightly expanded and slightly re- flected, usually adnate to the preceding turn at the parietal wall. Operculum paucispiral with the nucleus halfway between submar- ginal and subcentral, the outside covered with a deposit of fine cal- careous granules which are laid down in a more or less wavy manner. This species ranges from Varadero west through Habana to Pinar del Rio Province. It is not confined to paradones but occurs also in 334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 limestone fences and so has wide distribution. It breaks up into a number of subspecies, which are briefly characterized in the adjoin- ing key. Field notes on the coloration of the animals of a number of these various races were taken by Bartsch in 1928 and are here reproduced. Chondropoma (Chondropoma) pictum pictum Fundador, Station 2, bluffs of Canimar River below ferry, right side, July 20, 1928. Animal short, forehead with many short streaks and dots of brown; body behind forehead ashy gray. Ring about base of tentacles pale buff. Tip of mouth a little paler than ring. Tentacles buff below, grayish brown above. The bottom color extends up on the sides, Sides of body and sole of foot ashy gray. Sole of foot deeply medi- ally cleft, locomotion of two sides alternate. Chondropoma (Chondropoma) pictum mahogani Paradones at Rifle range, 2 miles south of Limonar, July 23, 1928. Animal short, of general buffy tinge, with a dark band across the forehead immediately in front of the tentacles; behind the tentacles it is streaked and spotted with brownish, which gives this part a somewhat marbled effect. Behind this the body is flesh-color, with a pinkish-buff flush, which is also the color of the sides of the body above the foot. Sides of foot pale ashy; sole also ashy but a little paler than the sides, deeply medially cleft. Tentacles buff, with a median dorsal streak of brownish, or in some specimens grayish. Chondropoma (Chondropoma) pictum yumeriense Vista Alegre, July 19, 1928. Animal short, forehead with many wark short streaks and dots of brown. Edge of snout smoky flesh-color. Tentacles with the base buffish flesh-color, slightly orange beneath, brownish above. Sides of body smoky gray; sole a little paler. This in coloration seems intermediate between yucayum and pictum from Fundador, Chondropoma (Chondropoma) pictum celsum From Station 19, El Palenque, Matanzas, July 21, 1928. Animal short with the forehead flesh-color, marked by numerous small, elongate, brownish spots; body behind the forehead soiled flesh-color. Ring about the base of tentacles buff-orange, which is also the color of the tentacles excepting an inner gray core. Tip of tentacles brownish orange. Sides of the body ashy, darkest toward CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 335 the base. Sole of foot pale ashy, deeply medially cleft; motion of two sides alternate. Chondropoma (Chondropoma) pictum arangot Stone fence between Medoze and Sitio Bonilla, July 28, 1928. Animal short, flesh-color, with a pinkish flush behind the forehead, which is marked by numerous fine white dots. Sides and sole of foot with a slight smoky suffusion. Tentacles ochraceous, sometimes pale orange. Chondropoma (Chondropoma) pictum anafense Sierra Anafe, July 27, 1928. Animal short. Forehead and median dorsal parts marbled with conspicuous dots and streaks of brown, less concentrated about the base of the tentacles where the ground color is best shown. Edge of snout a little paler than the adjoining parts. Tentacles orange with the median dorsal part purplish brown. Sides of body, back to tentacles, smoke gray; the rest behind this flesh-color with a pinkish flush. Sole of foot pale gray with an olivaceous tinge. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM Shell very large and thin; average length 23.2 mm___---------___----- celsum Shell less large; average length less than 21 mm and move than 16 mm. Outer peristome flaringly expanded anteriorly_-__---------------- arangoi Outer peristome not flaringly expanded anteriorly. Shell chestnut-brown or orange, rarely paler_____--_-_-_~ gouldianum Shell not chestnut-brown or orange. Shell buff with interrupted spiral bands of brown _-__-~ mahogani Shell flesh-color with interrupted spiral bands of DOW pee Se ed Pees ee Be ee ee a mochense Shell small. Shell conspicuously spirally banded. Ground color varying from buff to chestnut-brown__------ yumeriense Ground color not varying from buff to chestnut-brown. Ground color flesh-color. Spiralsthread SsStrous === see eee ane pictum Spiral threads feeble. Average length more than 18 mm___-_-___--__-- anafense Average length less than 18 mm___----~-_--_- ate ee sagra Shell not conspicuously spirally banded___--_----_------__~- varaderense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM VARADERENSE, new subspecies PLATE 29, FIGURE 8 This, the easternmost race, comes from Varadero, of the Hicaco Peninsula. It is a small race, of very pale flesh-color with scarcely any indications of spiral color marking. The peristome is almost as 336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 expanded as in (, (C.) pictum arangoi and decidedly thickened all around. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493090, has a little more than 3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.9 mm; greater diameter, 10.5 mm; lesser diameter, 8.6 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM PICTUM (Pfeiffer) PLATE 29, FIGURE 2 1839. Cyclostoma pictum PFEIFFER, Wieg. Archiv. Naturg., vol. 1, p. 356. 1846. Cyclostoma pictum PFEIFFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 125, pl. 15, figs. 1-11; pl. A, figs. 4-5. This, the typical race, was described by Pfeiffer from Fundador. He, like ourselves, found it quite abundant on the limestone bluffs of the Canimar River nearby. It is a small race, rather strongly sculptured, of flesh-color ground color with the merest tinge of yellow, resembling C. (@.) pictum yumeriense but having a much more thickened peristome, in which it resembles the much larger C. (C.) pictum mahogani. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 384845, has 4.5 whorls remain- ing and measures: Length, 19.2 m; greater diameter, 11.0 m; lesser diameter, 9.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM MAHOGANI (Gould) PLATE 29, FIGURE 1 1842. Cyclostoma mahogani GouLp, Journ. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, cover of part 1. 1844. Cyclostoma mahogani GouLp, Journ. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 495. This name subsequent to its introduction has met with unfortunate vicissitudes. It was based upon specimens collected by Bartlett, an engineer, at a sugar central near Limonar. Bartlett probably marked them Caoba, the name of a place very close to Limonar. Caoba is the Spanish name for mahogany, hence Gould’s name ma- hogani, which has nothing to do with the coloration of the shell. A misinterpretation of this fact has caused confusion of this race with CU. (C.) pictum gouldianum and C. (C.) p. yumeriense. In this race the shell is rather large, ground color pale buff, which is also the color of the peristome. Interrupted spiral bands of brown mark the spire and, to a slightly lesser degree, the base. It resem- bles most near C. (C.) pictum mochense, but that subspecies is thinner and has flesh-colored ground color and peristome. The differences in the color of the animal are shown under the specific description. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493092, has 4.5 whorls re- maining and measures: Length, 24.1 mm; greater diameter, 14.0 mm; lesser diameter, 11.8 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 337 We have seen specimens of this race from Caoba, the Paradones at Esmeralda north of the pass near Coliseo, Sierra Descansia, hill next the cemetery at Coliseo, Paradones east of the pass at Coliseo, and the Paradones at the rifle range at Limonar. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM YUMERIENSE, new subspecies PLATE 29, FIGURE 6 This small race, which occupies the Yumeri Valley near Matanzas and is particularly abundant at the Vista Alegre, has in the past been confused with typical C. (C.) pictum pictum, from which it is readily distinguished by its weaker sculpture and much less thick- ened peristome, as well as by its much greater range of color. The ground color here ranges from flesh-color to chestnut-brown. Speci- mens of this last color resemble C. (C.) pictum gouldianum (Poey) but lack the orange lip and are much smaller. Interrupted spiral bands of brown are present on spire and base. We have figured the type and two specimens to show the range of coloration. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 499602, a complete specimen, has 7.0 whorls and measures: Length, 17.8 mm; greater diameter, 9.3 mm; lesser diameter, 7.6 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM GOULDIANUM (Poey) PLATE 29, FiGcuRE 10 1854. Cyclostoma gouldianum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 419. 1858. Cyclostoma gouldianum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 2, pp. 48-44. This beautiful race was well defined by Poey, but like others it has been confused by contemporary and subsequent students with C. (C.) pictum pictum, from which its much larger size and splendid shining chestnut-brown, or at times orange, coloration and orange-colored peristome strikingly differentiate it. It occupies the Abra de Figuroa and Loma Mena of the lower Yumeri Valley. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493037, one of a large series, comes from the Abra de Figuroa. It has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 26.1 mm; greater diameter, 15.1 mm; lesser diameter, 12.3 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM CELSUM, new subspecies PLaTE 29, FIcuRE 9 This huge race we have collected on the north side of El Palenque, where it extends from the eastern end west through the Sierra Cama- 66879—38——10 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 85 rones. The shells here are much larger than any we have seen else- where, of flesh-color or pale buff ground color, with rather broad interrupted spiral color bands. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493040, comes from El Palenque. It has a kttle more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 28.0 mm; greater diameter, 16.9 mm; lesser diameter, 13.5 mm. This is an unusually large individual; in contrast to it we may cite the average measurements of a series of specimens from El Palenque: Number of whorls, 3.8; length, 24.2 mm; greater diameter, 15.6 mm; lesser diameter, 11.4 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM MOCHENSE, new subspecies PLATE 29, FIGURE 3 The shells that cluster about Ceiba Mocha, a few miles south of El Palenque, resemble @. (C.) pictwm celsum in coloration but are much smaller and have the peristome much less thickened at the edge. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493044, a complete specimen, has 6 whorls, and measures: Length, 22.7 mm; greater diameter, 12.2 mm; lesser diameter, 10.3 mm. A large series of specimens gives the following average measurements: Length, 17.8 mm; greater diameter, 10.5 mm; lesser diameter, 8.9 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM SAGRA (Orbigny) PLATE 29, Fiaurew 5 1842. Cyclostoma sagra Orsicny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’le de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 263, pl. 22, figs. 21, 23. Orbigny cites “environs de la Havana” as locality for his Cyclo- stoma sagra. Our specimens from Cojimar, a little south of Habana, appear to satisfy his description and figures. It is a small race, with the sculpture decidedly enfeebled, in which respect it resembles CO. (C.) pictuwm anafense, from which it is dis- tinguished by its smaller size. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493083, has 3.8 whorls remain- ing and measures: Length, 13.9 mm; greater diameter, 8.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.5 mm, CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM ARANGOI, new subspecies PLATE 29, FieurE 11 This subspecies ranges through the Sitio Bonilla, Sitio Perdido, Escalera de Jaruco, and Tapaste. It is a rather large pale-colored race that has the outer lip rather flaringly expanded and reflected. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499601, CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 339 comes from Sitio Bonilla, Jaruco, and has a little more than 4 whorls remaining, which measure: Length, 23.7 mm; greater diameter, 14.2 mm; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) PICTUM ANAFENSE, new subspecies PLATE 29, FIGURE 4 This subspecies ranges from the Sierra Anafe, through Guanajay to Artemisa. In its enfeebled sculpture this race resembles C’. (C.) pictwm sagra, from which its larger size will distinguish it. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493084 comes from the side of Loma de Anafe. It has a little more than 3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.3 mm; greater diameter, 9.7 mm; lesser diameter, 7.9 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) YUCAYUM (Presas) Pfeiffer PLATE 29, FIGURE 7 1863. Chondropoma yucayum (PRESAS) PreirrerR, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 10, p. 190. Shell large, short, stout, broadly conic, ranging from flesh-color to pale purple, sometimes unicolor, but usually with interrupted spiral bands of brown, of which the one at the summit is a little broader than the rest, equaling in width the one immediately below the subperipheral on the base. These interrupted spiral bands are arranged in axial as well as spiral series. The interior of the aperture varies in color with the intensity of the outer coloration, the peristome usually being yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth, forming a rather blunt apex. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, inflated, very narrowly shouldered, almost ap- pressed at the summit and marked by numerous low, rounded spiral threads, which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them. In addition to this, there are obsolete, retractively slanting axial threads and finer incremental lines. At irregular intervals there are also varicial axial streaks. At the summit at irregular intervals there are a few scattered ill-defined denticles representing thicken- ings of some of the ribs. These are best developed on the early turns. Periphery strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbilicated, marked with sculpture like that char- acterizing the spire. ‘The sculpture on the umbilical wall is a little weaker than the rest. Aperture large, ovate; peristome double, the outer slightly expanded and reflected, the inner almost as broad as the outer and also somewhat expanded and reflected. Operculum paucispiral with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a rather thick deposit of rather coarse calcareous granules. 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85: The two specimens, U.S.N.M. no. 29054, were collected by C.- Wright. They have 3.8 and 3.6 whorls remaining and measure, re- spectively: Length, 22.7 and 19.8 mm; greater diameter, 14.7 and 13.4 mm; lesser diameter, 12.2 and 11.6 mm. This species was described by Presas from the Playa de Indios. (Yudios), Matanzas. It is narrowly confined to the region south of the river at Matanzas, extending to the hilltop at Bellamar Cave. Of the animal of this Bartsch has made the following description : Animal short, forehead marked by numerous short streaks and spots of brown, which give to it a somewhat marbled appearance. Behind this the body is flesh-color, with a buffish tinge. The edge of the forehead, ring about the eyes, and a narrow triangular area behind these are pinkish buffish. Snout gray, a little paler at the edge of its fork. Tenacles pinkish at base, the rest coral red with a brownish flush on the upper side. Sides of body smoky gray, a lighter median streak between snout and cleft in sole on upper side. Sole smoky gray, deeply medially cleft; motion alternate on the two sides. Under side of body behind operculum flesh-color. The chubbiness and shortness of the shell distinguish this from C. (C.) pictum, from which it is also differentiated by its anatomic characters. CHONDRCPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) COGNATUM, new species PLATE 30, FIGURE 4 Shell of medium size, elongate-conic, thin, semitranslucent, horn- color, with interrupted spiral bands of brown. The spots composing these bands are arranged in both axial and spiral series. Nuclear whorls almost 2, smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows faint incremental lines. All the nuclear whorls are of plain color. Postnuclear whorls narrowly tabulatedly shouldered at the summit, marked by retractively slanting, threadlike axial riblets, which are rather strong on the early whorls but become enfeebled on the last turn. These threads are about one-third to one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separate them. They become somewhat ex- panded at the summit and render this rather conspicuously denticu- lated. The spiral sculpture consists of slender, low, rounded threads, which are of almost the same width and about one-half to one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture slightly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, openly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets, which here become emphasized as do the spiral threads which, while a little narrower and somewhat wavy, are nevertheless much stronger than those of the spire. Both the axial and spiral seulpture extend within the umbilicus. Aperture large, broadly oval; peristome CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH. 341 simple, slightly expanded and reflected, that of the parietal wall usually free. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with the nucleus almost submarginal, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine cal- careous granules. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 11008, was collected by C. Wright in the jurisdiction of Colon, It has a little over 4 whorls and measures: Length, 19.9 mm; greater diameter, 11.1 mm; lesser diameter, 8.7 mm. The specimens before us show great diversity in size, and it 1s most probable that the smaller ones represent the males. This species, which at first sight suggests C. (C.) pictum by its general form and simple peristome, is nevertheless so widely separated from it that we do not hesitate to give it specific rank. The much stronger axial sculpture, the narrow channeled suture, and the numerous fine denti- cles at the summit easily separate it from the pzctwm group. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) VESPERTINUM Morelet Shell elongate-conic. The ground color may be flesh-color or pale horn-color, or pale brown, or with purplish tinge. In addition to this, there are interrupted spiral bands of brown both on spire and base, of varying width, intensity, and spacing. The axial riblets are usually a little stronger at the summit, where they terminate as slender white denticles. The inside of the umbilical wall is of a brownish purple, interior of aperture varying with the intensity of the coloration on the outside, but at all times showing the spiral bands where present on the inside of the outer lip. Peristome almost white. The plug at the truncated end usually shines through the substance of the shell as a dark oblique band. Nuclear whorls 2, inflated, well rounded, smooth, except the last portion of the last whorl, which shows the fine beginning of the postnuclear sculpture, forming an almost flattened apex, narrowly shouldered at the sum- mit. Postnuclear whorls marked by feeble, threadlike, retractively slanting, rather closely spaced, axial riblets, which are strongest at the summit which they render finely denticulate. In addition to this, the whorls are marked by slender, low, rounded spiral threads, which are considerably stronger than the axial riblets. These two elements give to the shell a finely fenestrated aspect. Suture rendered rather constricted by the slight shoulder at the summit. Periphery strongly rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicate, marked by the con- tinuation of the axial riblets and spiral threads, which are as strong as those on the spire. Within the umbilicus, however, the spiral threads become finer and a little more closely spaced. Last whorl solute for about one-tenth of a turn. Aperture oval, posterior angle rather acute; peristome simple, slightly expanded, and shghtly re- flected. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with almost submarginal nu- 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 cleus, the outside marked by a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. This species comes from the mountains of the central north coast of the Isle of Pines. Here we have on the west the Sierra Casas and facing it across the river some two miles distant, the Sierra Caballas, while to the north of this is the Sierra Colombo, and about 8 miles northeastward is the Sierra Bibijagua. Al these iso- lated blocks harbor distinct races, which we here recognize. Of the animal of Chondropoma (Chondropoma) dissolutum, Gundlach # says: Animal whitish, especially the tentacles and snout, neck flesh-color. Head with a purplish tinge. The tip of the ten- tacles a little thicker and brownish. Head and neck grayish but with many black dots which form a V-shaped area upon the head behind the base of the tentacles, and a second similar one behind the snout, which becomes darker posteriorly. Torre has examined Morelet’s types of Cyclostoma vespertinum in the British Museum and of them he says: “Three specimens so labeled in Morelet’s handwriting. They are, however, the same as Chondro- poma dissolutum Pfeiffer from the Isle of Pines. The locality Pal- enque, Mexico, is evidently a mistake.” Pfeiffer’s Chondropoma dissolutum must, therefore, give way to the older Chondropoma vespertinum Morelet. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (C.) vespertinum is shown in figure 100. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) VESPERTINUM Shell prevailingly brown. Length of decollated shell more than 19 mm___---_____-___-_ vespertinum Length of decollated shell less than 17 mm__----_ peiah ee pe colombense Shell prevailingly flesh-color. SS rel Tay eis yes tat ee ee ee Se eee bibijaguense Shellenot-verysthin 2222.4 es a se EE eee ee caballosense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) VESPERTINUM VESPERTINUM Morelet PuatTE 30, Figure 14 1851. Chondrepoma vespertinum Monretet, Testacea novissima insula Cubanae et Americae Centralis, pt. 2, p. 19. 1854. Chondropona dissolutum PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 2, pp. 158-159. 1858. Chondropoma dissolutum Prrirrrr, Novitates conchologicae, vol. 1, p. 95, pl. 26, figs. 12-16. We have discussed the use of the name C. (C.) vespertinum of More- let, who does not help us in the restriction of it to a definite subspecies except that we know from his Helicina constellata that he collected in the Sierra Casas. Pfeiffer’s figures of C. (C.) dissolutum also 4 Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 3, p. 180, 1856. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 343 argue for such a restriction. For this reason we now restrict the typical form to the Sierra Casas race. Sr de Casas wv n Do ® ~ a ° S pte Sr.C I Sr Chiquita rCeaballos Ficurp 100.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropoma (Ohondropoma) vespertinum: (1) bibijaguense; (2) caballosense; (3) colombense; (4) vespertinum. In this subspecies the dark forms prevail; it is stouter than QO. (C.) vespertinum colombense but less so than C. (C.) vespertinum cabal- losense. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no, 493189, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.1 mm; greater diameter, 10.3 mm; lesser diameter, 8.8 mm. It comes from immediately behind Nueva Gerona. Specimens from the southern end of the range are not differentiated. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) VESPERTINUM CABALLOSENSE, new subspecies PLATE 30, FIGURE 13 Shell larger, a little thinner, and paler than C. (C.) vespertinum vespertinum, Which renders the interrupted spiral bands more con- spicuous. 344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. &5 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499609, comes from the west side of the center of the main range, south of the road leading to the Presidio. It has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 20.8 mm; greater diameter, 12.1 mm; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) VESPERTINUM BIBIJAGUENSE, new subspecies PLATE 30, FIGURE 16 Of this race Bartsch collected two not quite perfect specimens on the west side of the central part of the Sierra Bibijagua, which are so different from the others that they must be noticed. Here the shell is as thin as paper, translucent, flesh-color, and marked with very conspicuous, almost continuous, interrupted spiral lines of brown. The columella and the first of the remaining turns are brown; the peristome is white. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499611, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.4 mm; greater diameter, 11.2 min; lesser diameter, 8.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) VESPERTINUM COLOMBENSE, new subspecies PLATE 30, Figure 15 This race comes from the northwestern end of the Sierra Colombo. Tt is a dark race like typical C. (@.) vespertinum vespertinum, but smaller and slenderer. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 493144, has 5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 9.6 mm; lesser diameter, 7.3 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) WILCOXI Pilsbry and Henderson PLATE 31, FIGURE 7 1912. Chondropoma wilcori PiItspry and HENDERSON, Nautilus, vol. 26, p. 45. Shell elongate-conic; when truncated elongate-ovate; pale brown, with interrupted spiral bands of brown a trifle darker than the ground color. The dots composing these bands are rather distantly spaced and are arranged in both axial and spiral series. The inter- rupted spiral bands of brown are only feebly indicated on the base. The peristome is a little paler than the ground color. Nuclear whorls 2, dark chestnut-brown, the first one being more intensely so than the rest, smooth, strongly rounded, forming an almost flattened apex, the last portion of the last turn shows traces of the beginning of the axial threads. Postnuclear turns well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by slender, retractively slanting, narrow axial riblets, which extend prominently to the summit; in CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 345 fact they are a little stronger on the narrowly shouldered summit than on the rest of the turn, appearing here as low lamellae. The spiral sculpture consists of rather strong broad cords, which are a little narrower than the spaces that separate them. There are 7 of these on the first of the remaining turns between summit and suture and 18 on the last immediately behind the peristome. The junctions of the axial riblets and spiral cords form slender tubercles whose long axis is parallel with the axial sculpture. Suture slightly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, well rounded. Base moderately long, inflated, well rounded, narrowly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and spiral cords, the latter of about the same strength as those on the spire but a little more distantly spaced near the umbilicus. The umbilical wall is also marked by spiral cords, but here they are a little more closely spaced and a little less strongly developed than those outside of the umbilicus. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer form- ing a narrow auricle at the posterior angle, and here consists of a series of concentric lamellae; on the rest of the aperture it extends but slightly beyond the peristome, a little more so on the inner lip than on the outer; the inner peristome is rather strongly developed, thickened and slightly reflected, and but slightly exserted above the inner. Operculum paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus, the out- side covered with a rather thick deposit of fine calcareous granules. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no, 493145, is a cotype collected by John B. Henderson at Rosario, Ensenada de Cochinas, on the south coast of Cuba. It has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.0 mm; greater diameter, 11.6 mm; lesser diameter, 9.3 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) NICOLASI, new species Shell of medium size, the truncated specimens ovate; when com- plete elongate-conic, horn-color or white, unicolor or marked with in- conspicuous, interrupted spiral bands of brown. The elements com- posing these bands are arranged in both axial and spiral series; axially they are rather distantly spaced. The peristome is almost the same color as the ground color of the shell, being only a very little paler. Nuclear whorls about 2, forming a somewhat flattened apex; the first part smooth, the last showing the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, almost inflated, and narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by slender, retractively slanting, axial, threadlike riblets, which become slightly expanded into flattened crenulations at the summit. The spiral sculpture consists of rather strong cords, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them. The junctions of the axial 346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 threads and the spiral cords form slender nodules whose long axis is parallel with the axial sculpture, but these nodules are not at all conspicuous. Suture strongly constricted, narrowly channeled. Pe- riphery of the last whorl inflated, well rounded. Base short, in- flated, well rounded, narrowly openly unbilicate, marked by the con- tinuation of the obsolete axial riblets and spiral cords. The latter are of about the same strength as those on the spire, those on the inside of the umbilical wall being almost as strong as those outside of it. Aperture ovate with an inconspicuous auricle at the posterior angle; peristome double, the outer is reflected obliquely and marked by a series of concentric lines at the auricle and the inner lip; the inner is smooth, also expanded and reflected, almost extending to the outer limit of the outer on the outer lip, while on the inner and basal lip the outer peristome is quite a little broader. Operculum pauci- spiral, with subcentral nucleus, the outside covered with a rather thick deposit of calcareous granules. This species appears confined to the Isle of Pines, where we are recognizing three subspecies. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) NICOLASI Spiralysculpture: strong: Se se eee ee a ee ee eee johnsoni Spiral sculpture feeble. Ground color brown ---_- cL DE NENA ne crt it Pose ea L OTE Cake Semen COE SOE Sa ae brittoni Ground color-flesh=-color ss ee eae ee nicolasi CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) NICOLASI NICOLASI, new subspecies PLATE 31, FIGURE 6 1916. Chondropoma wilcori Henprerson, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, p. 316 (in part). This race was collected at Carapatchibey, Isle of Pines, by Dr. Nicolas. It has a flesh-colored ground color, with faint interrupted spiral lines of brown, which appear more like axial streaks than spiral elements. The sculpture is stronger than that of @C. (@.) nicolasi brittoni and less strong than that of C. (@.) nicolast johnsoni. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493148, has a little more than 4 whorls re- maining and measures: Length, 14.8 mm; greater diameter, 8.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) NICOLASI BRITTONI, new subspecies PLATE 31, FIGURE 4 This race was collected by Hermano Leon on the Jorobado Penin- sula, Isle of Pines. It has a brown ground color, with decidedly feeble sculpture. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 347 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493150, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 16.7 mm; greater diameter, 9.9 mm; lesser diameter, 7.9 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) NICOLASI JOHNSONI, new subspecies PLATE 31, FIGURE 5 This is the smallest race of this species known. The specimens before us of this race were collected by Mr. Johnson and bear the label “Isle of Pines” without specific locality. Shell white, with the merest indication in places of interrupted brown spiral lirations. The sculpture is much stronger than that of the other two subspecies. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499612, is a complete specimen, which has 7.5 whorls and measures: Length, 16.5 mm; greater diameter, 8.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.4 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE Pilsbry and Henderson Shell elongate-conic, or when truncated elongate-ovate, pale brown, marked by interrupted spiral bands of brown, which are ar- ranged in both axial and spiral series. Peristome white. Nuclear whorls almost 2, forming a somewhat truncated apex, the first smooth, the last portion of the last showing indications of both axial and spiral sculpture. Postnuclear whorls narrowly channeled at the sum- mit, which is rendered crenulated by the strong extension of the axial ribs, which are moderately distantly spaced, retractively siant- ing, and well developed. The spiral sculpture consists of spiral threads a trifle stronger than the axial riblets and increase in num- ber with the whorls. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral threads form rounded nodules, which vary in strength with the strength of the spiral threads, the latter varying according to the intercalation of the newer elements. Suture narrowly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base well rounded, slightly inflated, very narrowly umbilicate, the umbilicus almost covered by the reflection of the outer peristome of the inner lip. The base is marked by the continuations of the axial and spiral threads, which are about as strong as those of the spire, those within the umbilicus being a trifle weaker. Aperture broadly oval; peri- stome conspicuously double, the outer expanded somewhat flaringly, forming a conspicuous auricle at the posterior angle and adnate to the preceding turn at the parietal wall; the inner projecting decidedly above the outer, mostly so on the outer lip. Operculum corneous, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. 348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 The species apparently ranges along the shoreline from Cayo Carenas of Cienfuegos Bay to Corrientes Bay at the west end of the island. It was also found present on Cayo Cantilles, east of the Isle of Pines. A number of races are recognizable. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHRONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE Diameter of shell more than 7 mm. Peristome white. Sculptures very, finesse eee ee ae ee eee poe toroense SEUlDCUPE SMOG ave Lys etiiy Cae ee ee es carenasense Peristomen yellow a2. - 22 2a ee ee ee corrientesense Diameter of shell less than 6 mm. Peristome white. Sculpture sverya ti Coes. ae ae a ee oer ee guauraboense Sculpture NOEs Vey! fi eee ee rosariense Peristome a yellowi eae ete ee 2 eae) ee cantillense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE TOROENSE, new subspecies PLATE 382, FIGURE 3 This subspecies, which comes from Cabeza del Toro near Bahia de Cochinos, resembles in general shape (. (C.) carenasense carenasense but is even more globose, with the axial ribs much more closely ap- proximated, the spiral sculpture with many more threads, and the interrupted spiral lines more numerous. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367796, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 13.0 mm; greater diameter, 8.0 mm; lesser diameter, 6.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE CARENASENSE Pilsbry and Henderson PLATE 32, FIGurE 2 1912. Chondropoma carenasense PILspry and HENDERSON, Nautilus, vol. 26, p. 44. This race comes from Cayo Carenas and the adjacent mainland. Here the shells are large, flesh-color or white, with the interrupted spiral bands forming axial streaks that are more conspicuous than the spiral lines. The sculpture is more pronounced than in any of the other races, the intersection of the axial ribs and spiral threads form- ing well-defined cusps. A cotype, U.S.N.M. no. 493151, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 14.2 mm; greater diameter, 8.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE CORRIENTESENSE, new subspecies PLATE 32, FIGURE 1 This race, which comes from Corrientes Bay at the western end of Cuba, is as large as C. (C.) carenasense carenasense, but the shells CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 349 are much more conic in outline, much less strongly crenulated at the summit, and much darker, with the peristome yellow. The sculpture is also finer than (. (C.) carenasense toroense and more regular. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499618, is a complete specimen of 7.5 whorls and measures: Length, 15.2 mm; greater diameter, 7.7 mm; lesser diameter, 6.2 mm, CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE GUAURABOENSE, new subspecies PLATE 32, FIGURE 5 This is a small race of yellow or buff color, except the peristome, which is white. The interrupted spiral bands are inconspicuous, and the sculpture is much more closely spaced than in C, (C.) care- NASENSE CAPENASENSE. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 104488, has almost 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 9.8 mm; greater diameter, 5.6 mm; lesser diam- eter, 4.5 mm. It comes from Boca de Guaurabo. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE ROSARIENSE, new subspecies PLATE 82, FIGURE 6 This race comes from Rosario about 15 miles west of Cabeza del Toro. It is exceedingly variable in size. Specimens even slenderer than (. (C.) carenasense guauraboense may be found, and from this they increase in size to half that of C. (C@.) carenasense carenasense. Like carenasense the sculpture is sharply cusped. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493160, has 5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 12.0 mm; greater diameter, 6.1 mm; lesser diameter, 5.) mm, A complete specimen of 7.1 whorls, on the other hand, measures only: Length, 11.5 mm; greater diameter, 5.3 mm; lesser diameter, 4.4 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) CARENASENSE CANTILLENSE, new subspecies PLATE 32, FIGURE 7 This race was collected by Bartsch on Cayo Cantilles east of the Isle of Pines. It equals in size the average of C. (C@.) carenasense rosariense but is much more yellowish, with yellow peristome and with much finer and more numerous axial and spiral sculptural elements. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499614, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.5 mm; greater diameter, 5.9 mm; lesser diameter, 5.4 mm. 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) OBESUM (Menke) Shell elongate-conic when complete or elongate-ovate when trun- cated, varying in color from gray to orange, white or pale yellow. Nuclear whorls almost 2, forming a blunt apex, the first smooth, the last with indications of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, almost appressed at the summit, marked by slender, retractively curved, axial threads and spiral lirations, the latter a little stronger than the axial threads. The junctions of the two form slender nodules. Suture strongly con- stricted. Periphery strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, well rounded, openly umbilicate, and marked like the spire. The last whorl appressed to the preceding turn. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer best shown at the posterior auricle and on the inner lip, the inner peristome is coextensive with the outer. Operculum paucispiral with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. This is a coastwise species and extends from Boca de Camarioca, east of Matanzas, west to Boca de Jaruco, breaking up into four subspecies. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) OBESUM Diameter of shell more than 9 mm. Shell ipalles ona gee oer 0 os ane ee Oe eee obesum Shelledark* orange G.S 22 2 ee ee ee ee 2h Soo Reba DEAR seeere subobesum Diameter of shell less than 7.5 mm. Shelleora ys Se a ee ee ee ee cee CREA Sane palmasolense Shellspalevoran’ e222) 220 ee ee ee hershei CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) OBESUM PALMASOLENSE, new subspecies PLATE 32, FicurE 10 This race occupies the region about Palmasola near Boca de Camarioca, which les halfway between Matanzas and Cardinas. Shell gray and much smaller and more cylindrical when truncated than the others. In this respect it resembles C. (C.) obesum hershei, differing from this, however, in coloration. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468971, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 12.7 mm; greater diameter, 7.4 mm; lesser diameter, 6.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) OBESUM SUBOBESUM, new subspecies PLATE 32, FiaurE 9 This race occupies the shoreline west of Matanzas but centers about Punta de Sabanilla. It differs from (. (C.) obesum obesum in being much darker orange and a little finer sculptured. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 35] The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468970, comes from Punta de Sabanilla yPe; . and has a little less than 4 whorls remaining; it measures: Length, 14.3 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) OBESUM HERSHEI, new subspecies PLATE 32, FIGURE 8 This subspecies we have seen from Santa Cruz del Norte, Boca de Jaruco, and Boca de Canasi. It is a small pale-orange race and at times has a subperipheral brown band; in size it is even a little smaller than @. (C.) obesum palmasolense, from which the difference in color will at once distinguish it. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493178, comes from Santa Cruz del Norte. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.0 mm; greater diameter, 6.6 mm; lesser diameter, 5.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) OBESUM OBESUM (Menke) PLATE 32, Ficure 11 1830. Truncatella obesa MENKE, Synopsis methodica molluscorum .. ., ed. 2, DAT. This race occupies the shoreline immediately east of Matanzas Bay and extends to the Canimar River. It approaches most nearly @. (C.) obesum subobesum but is readily distinguished from that by its much paler color. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493162, has a little more than 3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 138.7 mm; greater diame- ter, 9.1 mm; lesser diameter, 7.8 mm. A series of 68 specimens give the following summary measure- ments: Greater di- | Lesser diam- Length ameter eter mm mm mm (STORES (peer eee an ee ee a ere ee oe a eam ee 15.8 9.4 et GCS S eee eee ee he Se a en ee 10.3 6.5 5.4 SAV CLARO cts ws en eee Sees Jae cn aeccee coeaueeseess 13.1 8.1 6.7 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MOESTUM (Shuttleworth) Pfeiffer Truncated shell ovate, rather thin, varying in color from isabeliine to pale horn-color, unicolor or marked with interrupted spiral bands of brown. The elements composing these are frequently also ar- ranged in axial series. In the typical race the shell is unicolor, with bluish lead color, veinlike axial streaks. Nuclear whorls 2, darker than the postnuclear turns, forming a rather pointed apex, having the whorls inflated and strongly rounded. The postnuclear whorls 352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 are marked by rather prominent spiral cords, which increase in num- ber by intercalation as the shell increases in size. On the early whorls there are also rather conspicuous, quite regular and regularly disposed, slightly retractively slanting, axial threads. These become enfeebled and in some of the races practically obsolete on the last turn. The summit of the whorls is rendered feebly denticulated by the axial markings. Suture well constricted; periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbili- sated and marked with the same sculpture that characterizes the spire. This, however, becomes enfeebled on the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly ovate. Peristome simple, except at the slight auricle at the posterior angle where there is an indication of doubl- ing. Operculum paucispiral with the nucleus halfway between mar- ginal and central, covered with a thin deposit of calcareous granules. Of the animal of @. (C.) moestum moralesi, Bartsch took the fol- lowing color notes from specimens collected at the type locality of that race, July 15, 1928: Animal flesh-color, with a pinkish tinge; forehead with numerous grayish spots, which are larger than usual; snout darker than fore- head except at edge, which is devoid of spots. Tentacles with orange flesh-colored basal ring and brown tip. Sides of body ashy; foot ashy flesh-color, with brownish tinge medially deeply cleft. Motion of two sides alternate. This species occupies the coastal region and adjacent hills immedi- ately west of Matanzas Bay. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MOESTUM Shell with interrupted spiral bands of brown. Length of decollated shell more than 16 mm____________________ decurrens Length of decollated shell less than 18 mm_____________________ moralesi Shell without interrupted spiral bands of brown _______--__-_______ moestum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MOESTUM DECURRENS (Poey) PLATE 31, FIGURE 11 1858. Cyclostoma decurrens PoEy, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 2, p. 23. Poey, in his usual lucid way, gives a splendid characterization of this race, which has been confused with typical C. (@.) moestum moestum owing in large part, we believe, to mixed collectings. The shells that occupy the region about Punta Sabanilla are typical @. (C.) m. moestum, while the present race occupies the region about the Sinclair Oil Co.’s tanks at Dubroc, immediately south of Punta Sabanilla. The shells of this race are thinner, with more numerous, less strong, spiral cords and stronger axial elements amounting almost CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 353 to threads, which are quite regularly spaced. Here, too, we have in- terrupted brown spiral bands. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 499616, has almost 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.4 mm; greater diameter, 12.2 mm; lesser diameter, 10.1 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MOESTUM MORALESI, new subspecies PLATE 31, FIGURE 8 This subspecies occupies the La Cumbre ridge, which trends north- west of Matanzas harbor a couple of miles inland. It is a small race having interrupted spiral zones of brown, the dots being usually also arranged in axial series (Sometimes the brown markings are absent). Both the axial and spiral sculpture recall C. (C.) moestum decurrens, from which it is easily distinguished by its small size. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499615, comes from Finca Aurora, La Cumbre. It has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 12.1 mm; greater diameter, 8.2 mm; lesser diameter, 6.4 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MOESTUM MOESTUM (Shuttleworth) Pfeiffer PLATE 31, FIGuRE 12 1854. Chondropoma mocstum (SHUTTLEWORTH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 3, p. 182. This subspecific name we are restricting to the shells from Punta Sabanilla, which are large, of isabelline color, with axial streaks of bluish lead color. Here the axial threads between the rather strong spiral cords are almost absent on the last whorl. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493179, has almost 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 12.6 mm; lesser diameter, 10.1 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) GARCIANUM Torre PLATE 31, FIGURE 9 1913. Chondropoma garcianum Torre, Nautilus, vol. 27, p. 37, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3. Truncated shell broadly ovate, flesh-color. Nuclear whorls decol- lated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by slender threadlike riblets, which become slightly thickened, flattened, and expanded at the angle of the sum- mit. The spiral sculpture consists of rather strong threads, which are considerably farther apart than the axial riblets. The axial rib- lets and spiral threads enclose slender oblong fenestrations, while their long axis coincides with the axial sculpture. The junctions of the axial riblets and spiral cords form slender nodules on the early 66879—38——11 354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 turns but hardly so on the last. Suture narrowly but deeply chan- neled. Periphery of the last whorl strongly inflated, well rounded. Base short, inflated, well rounded, openly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and spiral threads equaling those on the spire in strength. Those within the umbilicus are a trifle weaker and a little more closely spaced than those on the out- side. Last whorl not solute, or only a trifle so. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double at the posterior angle; there is also a faint indication of an outer peristome on the inner lip; on the outer and basal lip the peristome seems simple. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. Three specimens before us come from Palma Sola, Matanzas Province. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493185, has a little more than 4 whorls and measures: Length, 15.3 mm; greater diameter, 10.6 mm; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) JAULENSE, new species Puate 30, Figure 11 Shell elongate-conic, varying from horn-color to pale brown, the early whorls usually much darker than the later turns. The latter are usually marked by axial zones of brown, which are somewhat wavy and suggest confluent elements of interrupted spiral bands. Nuclear whorls unknown. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by rather closely spaced spiral cords, which are almost as broad as the spaces that separate them, and feeble axial riblets, the latter most conspicuous at the summit, which they mark as fine white denticles. Suture moderately constricted; periphery well rounded. Base rather long, well rounded, and marked like the spire, openly umbilicated. The sculpture on the umbilical wall is a little less strong than on the rest of the base. The last whorl is slightly solute. Peristome simple on the outer lip, with a mere line of separation on the parietal wall and double on the inner lip. This species was collected by Wright at Punta de Jaula. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 499617, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Lengths, 15.8 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.5 mm, CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) ANTONENSE, new species PLATE 31, Ficure 10 Shell elongate-ovate, stout, nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens. The truncated end dark chestnut-brown, the succeeding CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 355 turns very pale brown, the rest horn-color, unicolor or marked with interrupted spiral bands of brown. These bands when present are usually more strongly developed on the early turns than on the later, and are present on both spire and base. The interior of aperture pale buff; peristome yellowish horn-color. The whorls are strongly rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, which is rendered feebly crenulated by the occasional thickening of a rib. The axial sculp- ture consists of very distantly spaced, feeble threads, the rest being reduced to mere indications of feeble nodules at the summit and in- cremental lines. The spiral sculpture consists of rather strong cords, which are separated by spaces two to four times as wide as the cords. Near the base and on the base the incremental lines become a little stronger and slightly reticulate the spaces between the spiral cords. Suture narrowly channeled. Periphery inflated, very strongly rounded. Base inflated, well rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated, marked by the same type of sculpture as that which characterizes the spire, except in the umbilicus, where the spiral threads become in- tensified. Aperture ovate; peristome double, the outer narrowly expanded and reflected and rather thickened, adnate to the preceding turn on the parietal wall, the inner also expanded and reflected and projecting a little above the outer. Operculum thin, horny, pauci- spiral, with the nucleus almost submarginal, covered on the outside with a moderately thick, rather coarsely granular calcareous deposit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493187, was collected on the Tomas Barrera Expedition at Cape San Antonio. It has a little over 3 whorls and measures: Length, 18.7 mm; greater diameter, 12.2 mm; lesser diameter, 10.4 mm, CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MARGINALBUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Truncated shell elongate-ovate, pale brown, with faint interrupted spiral bands of brown; peristome white, interior of aperture pale brown. Nuclear whorls almost 2, inflated, strongly rounded, form- ing a somewhat truncated apex, the first smooth, the last showing the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, marked by strong, closely spaced, shghtiy retrac- tively slanting axial riblets which crenulate the narrow summit of the whorls. The spiral sculpture consists of spiral cords which are considerably stronger than the axial riblets, the junction of the axial riblets and spiral cords form elongated nodules, which have their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. Suture narrowly chan- neled. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, inflated, well rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated, marked by the continu- ation of the axial riblets and spiral threads with several fine spiral threads on the umbilical wall. Aperture oval; peristome double, 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 the outer expanded and reflected, forming a conspicuous auricle at the posterior angle and adnate to the preceding turn on the parietal wall; the inner slightly exserted above the outer and also slightly reflected. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. This species appears to range from the mouth of Yateras River in Oriente, west through the Guantanamo Bay shorelines. We are recognizing three subspecies. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MARGINALBUM Denticles at the Summit narrow and closely crowded__-_-_____-~_ marginalbum Denticles at the summit not narrow or closely crowded. Sculpture-.coarse 220.5) 5 fs 2 aff Ete ae guantanamense Sculpture) not; coarses=_ ===. eee subguantanamense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MARGINABLUM MARGINABLUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 31, FIGURE 2 1859. Cyclostoma marginalbum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 6, pp. 75, 76. This is the rose-colored race in which the axial riblets terminate as slender narrow, closely spaced denticles at the summit. The axial riblets are less strongly expressed and narrower than in the other two races. It comes from Caimanera. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493190, has about 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.0 mm; greater diameter, 9.9 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MARGINALBUM GUANTANAMENSE, new subspecies PLATE 31, FIGURE 1 This race occupies the lowland point on the west side of the en- trance to Guantanamo Bay. It is a small race with very close sculp- ture, comparatively speaking, and with strong denticulations at the summit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367784, has 3.3 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 14.0 mm; greater diameter, 8.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) MARGINALBUM SUBGUANTANAMENSE, new subspecies PLATE 31, FIGURE 3 This is a small race that appears to extend over the shoreline of the eastern portion of Guantanamo Bay, being found on the various CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 357 digitations about the Naval Station. It is much smaller than the typical form and has even stronger, sharper denticulations at the summit than @. (C.) marginalbum guantanamense. It varies con- siderably in color from the typical rose-colored forms to ashy gray. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493198, comes from the hill at the officers’ quarters at the Naval Station. It has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 15.2 mm; greater diameter, 8.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm, CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) OXYTREMUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 32, FIGURE 4 1860. Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) oxytremum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malako- zool. Bliitter, vol. 7, pp. 29-30. Truncated shell elongate-ovate, buff with very faint interrupted spiral bands of brown. The dots composing these bands are usually arranged in both axial and spiral series. The whorls remaining are somewhat inflated, well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by threadlike, retractively slanting axial riblets, which are strongly developed at the summit, which they render conspicuously crenulate. The spiral sculpture consists of low, rounded threads, which are a little broader than the axial riblets. Of these, 12 are present on the last whorl between the summit and suture. The junc- tions of the axial riblets and the spiral threads form slender elongate nodules, which have their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. The spaces enclosed between them are not conspicuously pitted. Suture narrowly channeled. Periphery well rounded. Base moder- ately long, slightly inflated, well rounded, marked by the continua- tions of the axial ribs and spiral threads, the latter a little weaker than those on the spire; the nodulation therefore also becomes some- what weaker. There are two slender spiral threads within the narrow umbilicus. Aperture broadly oval; peristome simple, slightly ex- panded. The parietal lip is adnate to the preceding turn, Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine calcareous granules. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493283, is the smallest of the lot of four obtained by Dr. Torre from Gundlach but is the most perfect. It was collected at Gibara. It has 3.5 whorls and measures: Length, 10.1 mm; greater diameter, 6.0 mm; lesser diameter, 5.5 mm. Of the animal of this species Gundlach says, doc. sit. “On stones in the neighborhood of Gibara. Animal whitish with a roseate sheen particularly upon the head. Foot with white spots, snout with black- ish dots. Tentacles ochre colored with darker or greyish tip. The 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 same color characterizes the base of the tentacles.” The largest speci- men has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 12.3 mm; greater diameter, 7.2 mm; lesser diameter, 5.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) APPENDICULATUM, new species Shell when perfect elongate-ovate, when truncated ovate, varying in ground color from flesh-color to pale buff, marked with interrupted spiral bands of brown whose elements are also arranged in axial series. Nuclear whorls 2, forming a subcylindric apex, strongly in- flated and rounded, smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked on the early turns by very numerous, closely spaced, hairlike, retractively slant- ing riblets, which become broader as the shell advances in growth but are never very strongly pronounced. Several of them, however, may fuse at the summit, or they may singly expand into conspicuous white denticles. The spiral sculpture consists of low, poorly de- veloped cords, which are not so wide as the spaces that separate them. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords produce feeble nodules. The whole sculpture of the spire presents an obsolete effect. Periphery well rounded. Base rather long, well rounded and marked hike the spire. The umbilical wall is also marked by spiral threads and the feeble continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the outer and inner quite indistinct on the basal and outer lip, but separated by an impressed line on the inner lip and parietal wall. The two form a conspicuous auricle at the posterior angle. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with sub- marginal nucleus covered with a thin deposit of calcareous granules. This species is found about Gibara, Oriente Province, where two races are present. ‘ KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) APPENDICULATUM Spiralethreads of last whorl) 14222522223 2 subappendiculatum Spiral’threads: of last whorl {s---- ee ee appendiculatum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) APPENDICULATUM APPENDICULATUM, new subspecies PLATE 35, FIGURE 7 This race, which was collected by Gonzales near Gibara, is the larger of the two races and has the sculpture much less strongly developed than the smaller race. It is also somewhat paler, with the interrupted spiral lines more conspicuous. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468978, has 3.3 whorls and measures: Length, 16.4 mm; greater diameter, 10.1 mm; lesser diameter, 7.8 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 359 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) APPENDICULATUM SUBAPPENDICULATUM, new subspecies PLATH 35, FIGURE 8 This subspecies was collected by Allen about Gibara, without definite locality. It is smaller and darker colored than the typical race and has stronger sculpture. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468979, has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.8 mm; greater diameter, 7.8 mm; lesser diam- eter, 6.7 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) LAETUM (Gutierrez) Poey PLATE 35, FIGURE 2 1858. Cyclostoma lactum (GUTIERREZ) Porgy, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, pp. 33-34, pl. 4, fig. 1. Truncated shell elongate-ovate. Early whorls decollated in all our specimens. Those remaining flesh-color, with interrupted spiral bands of pale brown. The dots composing these bands are arranged in both axial and spiral series. The whorls are inflated, narrowly shouldered, the shoulder marked by slender, rather regularly dis- posed denticles. The rest of the whorls are marked by retractively slanting axial threads, which are a little stronger on the early turns than on the rest. The spiral sculpture consists of rather distantly spaced, conspicuous, slender cords, of which 8 are present on the first of the remaining turns, 11 on the second and 12 on the last be- tween the summit and suture. The junctions of the axial threads and spiral cords form slender nodules, which are materially reduced on the last turn, which bears a mere indication of them. Suture nar- rowly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl inflated, well rounded. Base short, inflated, well rounded, and marked by spiral cords of the same strength and spacing as those on the posterior half of the whorl. Within the umbilicus, however, they become less conspicuous. Aper- ture large, very oblique, broadly oval, rather strongly auriculated at the posterior angle; peristome double, the outer and inner coextensive on the outer lip, and but slightly differentiated at the posterior angle, on the parietal wall and on the inner lip. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493287, was col- lected by Dr. de la Torre at Gibara, Oriente Province. It has a little more than 3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 12.0 mm; greater diameter, 6.9 mm; lesser diameter, 6.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) EDOUARDI Aguayo Shell of medium size, when truncated elongate-ovate, buff with interrupted spiral bands of brown. The elements composing these 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 bands are also arranged in axial series. They are present on both spire and base. Nuclear whorls decollated; postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, and crossed by numer- ous, somewhat wavy, slender axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. These riblets render the summit of the whorls very finely serrulated. Suture very narrowly chan- neled; periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base moderately long, openly umbilicate, marked like the spire. The umbilical wall, how- ever, and the region adjacent to it are marked by stronger spiral threads. Aperture ovate, auriculated posteriorly. Peristome simple, slightly expanded and reflected. The last turn is solute for about one-tenth of a whorl. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus. We are recognizing two subspecies. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) EDOUARDI Junctions of the axial and spiral threads forming sharp cusps_----~ asperulum Junctions of the axial and spiral threads not forming sharp cusps_-__ edouardi CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) EDOUARDI EDOUARDI Aguayo PLATE 35, FIGURE 1 1934. Chondropoma edouardi AcuAyo, Mem. Soe. Poey, vol. 8, pp. 90-91, fig. 1. This race, which was described by Aguayo from Loma de Canada de Jagiieyes, Holguin, differs from C. (C.) edouardi asperulum in the junctions of the axial riblets and spiral threads forming only feeble denticulations. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 425501, which was received from Aguayo, has almost 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.1 mm; greater diameter, 8.4 mm; lesser diam- eter, 6.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) EDOUARDI ASPERULUM Aguayo PLATE 35, FIGURE 3 1934. Chondropoma laetum asperulum AGuAyYo, Mem. Soc. Poey, vol. 8, pp. 89- 90, fig. 2. This subspecies, also collected by Aguayo, comes from the Cerro Colorado near Gibara. It is distinguished from (@. (C.) edouardi edouardi by having the junctions of the axial riblets and spiral threads much more strongly cusped; hence the name asperulum. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 425503, received from Aguayo, has almost 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length 14.9 mm; greater diameter, 9.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 361 CHONDROPOMODES, new subgenus In this subgenus the shell is of ovate shape. The axial sculpture consists of exceedingly slender, rather closely spaced, sublamellar riblets, which are rendered sinuate by the slender spiral threads, the combination producing a vertebrated aspect. These riblets are gath- ered into tufts at the summit as in Chondropomorus. Type: Chrondropoma (Chrondropomodes) santaluciense, new species. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROPOMODES Outer peristoeme- broadly, :expanded_.._..-___..-1.-~.------++-—----—--- ernesti Outer peristome not broadly expanded_------------------------ santaluciense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMODES) SANTALUCIENSE, new species PLATE 35, FIGURE 5 Shell elongate-ovate, when truncated ovate, pale buff with inter- rupted spiral bands of brown. The dots composing these are very distantly spaced and arranged also in axial series. On the inner lip they are present, forming more or less confluent lines. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, well rounded, smooth; postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit and marked by slender, closely spaced, sublamellar axial riblets and feeble spiral threads, which form, at the junction with the riblets, fine rounded tubercles and give to the riblets a somewhat vertebrated appearance. These riblets become fused at the summit of the whorls, where they form firm sharp white denticles. Suture channeled. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, and marked like the spire but with the spiral threads becoming a little stronger toward the open umbilicus whose parietal wall is marked by still stronger spiral threads and the continuation of the axial riblets. Aperture very broadly ovate; peristome double, forming a conspicu- ous auricle at the posterior angle. The outer peristome reflected and expanded; the inner also reflected and adnate to the outer, but not quite reaching its margin. On the auricles at the posterior angle there is a series of small lamellae indicating, evidently, a resting stage growth of these elements. The last whorl is slightly solute. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with marginal nucleus. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468980, comes from the Portales Camayuin, Arroyo Blanco, Santa Lucia, Oriente. It has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 12.1 mm; greater diameter, 9.5 mm; lesser diameter, 7.3 mm. This species can be readily distinguished from Chondropoma (Chondropomodes) ernesti Pfeiffer by its having a much less ex- panded outer peristome. 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMODES) ERNESTI Pfeiffer Shell of medium size, flesh-color, with weak interrupted spiral bands of brown, which are present on spire and base. The spiral bands show as brown zones on the outer peristome; the plug at the decollated apex also shows through the substance of the shell as a dark-brown zone. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shoul- dered at the summit, marked by very narrow, retractively curved axial riblets, which are rather closely spaced on the early whorls and much more so on the later. These riblets extend prominently to the summit, where they may fuse into tufts, which they render con- spicuously crenulate. In addition to the axial riblets, the whorls are marked by spiral threads of about the same strength as the axial riblets; the junctions of these form slender nodules, while the spaces enclosed by them are rectangular, having their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. Suture almost channeled. Periphery of the last whorl strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and the spiral threads, which are about as strong as those on the spire. Umbilicus marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and 8 spiral threads which are of almost equal strength. Aperture broad- ly oval; peristome double, the inner thickened at the edge and slightly reflected, the outer broadly expanded and reflected, not flatly but in a wavy oblique manner; the outer peristome forms a conspicuous auricle at the posterior angle; that of the parietal wall being ap- pressed to the preceding turn, while that of the inner lip is reflected over and covers about two-thirds of the umbilicus; operculum paucispiral with subcentral nucleus. Of this species Gundlach ¥ states “Animal pale or whitish, only the head and neck somewhat brownish on account of the thicker mass of flesh. The head and neck are somewhat reddish within. Head and snout with dark markings which form almost regular interrupted lines. Tentacles gray, especially so at their tip. Eye ring whitish. The first whorl of the shell lets the animal shine through greenish, which is due to the color of the intestines. This species also suspends itself with a mucous thread when at rest.” We are recognizing two subspecies. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMODES) ERNESTI Axial (ribs, distantly, spaced. 2+ 2 ce ee Os ae Ne ee clenchi Axial ribs: not: distantly: spaced: se ee ernesti 12 Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 9, p. 5, 1862. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 363 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMODES) ERNESTI ERNESTI Pfeiffer PLATE 35, FIGURE 4 1862. Chondropoma ernesti PFEIFFER Malakozool. Bliitter, vol. 9, p. 5. The typical subspecies was collected by Jeanneret at Seboruco, south of Mayari. The specimen that we have figured, U.S.N.M. no. 367804, is one received by Dr. de la Torre from Jeanneret. It has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.4 mm; greater diameter, 8.9 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. It is easily distinguished from @. (C@.) ernesti clenchi by having the axial riblets and spiral threads more closely spaced. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMODES) ERNESTI CLENCHI Aguayo PLATE 35, FIGURE 6 1932. Chondropoma ernesti clenchi AcuAyo, Oce. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 33, pl. 3, fig. d. This subspecies was collected by Aguayo at Las Cuevas, Holguin, Oriente. It differs from the typical C. (C.) ernesti ernesti in being more inflated, that is, more broadly ovate, and in having both the axial and spiral sculpture more distantly spaced and the outer peri- stome more broadly expanded. The specimen described and figured is a holotype and is located in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Cambridge, Mass., where it is listed as no. 47999. Subgenus CHONDROPOMORUS Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondropomorus HENDERSON and BartTscH, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 61. Shell elongate-conic; marked by both axial and spiral threads, the axial threads being gathered into tufts at the summits of the whorls. Type: Cyclostoma dentatum Say. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROPOMORUS Peristome simple. (Putts au Summit. very: TegUlata= 23 see ea See eee revinctum Mutts at summit Inretular- == 2. 2s ee ee auberianum Peristome double. Outer peristome of inner lip broadly expanded. Sculpture: coarse ‘and irregularilo2 tht £2202. Vee is delatreanum Sculpture fine and regular.22 sf) ies e oss ee neglectum Outer peristome of inner lip not broadly expanded. Peristome auriculate at posterior angle_-___-__--__-__--_- dilatatum Peristome not auriculate at posterior angle______-_________ canescens 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) REVINCTUM (Poey) 1851. Cyclostoma revinctum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 99, 106, pl. 5. figs. 24-27. Shell elongate-conic, flesh-color, with various marblings, blotch- ings, spottings, and streakings of brown; but no matter what the superimposed color markings may be, there are always a number of interrupted spiral bands of dark brown, both on the spire and base, whose elements are arranged in both axial and spiral series. Aper- ture pale brown, showing the spiral bands within which extend over the peristome. Nuclear whorls 1.5, inflated, smooth, forming a trun- cated apex with the sutural line of the first whorl, chestnut-brown. Postnuclear whorls marked by retractively slanting axial riblets, which are low and only moderately strongly developed and which are gathered together into short and rather broad tufts at the summit at more or less regular intervals. The spiral sculpture consists of threads about as strong as the axial riblets, which are also not strongly elevated, the two forming a screenlike sculptural pattern. The junc- tions of the axial ribs and the spiral threads form scarcely perceptible nodules, while the spaces enclosed between them are squarish pits. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery with a feeble angulation. Base moderately long, well rounded, moderately broadly umbili- cated, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and spiral threads, which increase in size from the periphery toward the umbil- icus, those within the umbilial wall being a little stronger than those immediately outside. Aperture broadly oval; peristome simple. Operculum paucispiral with submarginal nucleus, the outer surface covered with a fine thin granular calcareous deposit. Of the animal of Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) revinctum revinctum Bartsch’s field notes state: “Animal pale gray with olivaceous tinge; dorsal part covered with ever so many tiny white dots. There is a pink area behind the ten- tacles. ‘Tentacles faintly tinged with orange a little above the base, which is the general body color, the expanded tip dusky. Sides of body pale olivaceous. Sole of foot deeply cleft, a little more yellow- ish than the sides. Abundant on trees and in the rubbish at their base.” Of Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) revinctum biserranum he says: “Animal smoky gray with greenish tinge, pinkish about the edges. Sole of foot a little paler, deeply cleft.” This species ranges from the coast at Punta San Juan de los Per- ros and Punta Alegre inland to the Dos Sierras near Zulueta, Santa Clara Province. We are recognizing two subspecies. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 365 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) REVINCTUM Shell moderately slender and of light color_-___-------------~------- revinctum Shell moderately stout and of darker color_----------------------- biserranum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) REVINCTUM BISERRANUM, new subspecies PLATE 33, FIGURE 6 This subspecies, which comes from the mogotes of the Dos Sierras a little east of Zulueta, Santa Clara Province, differs from the typi- cal form in being much darker, the interrupted spiral bands, particu- larly those near the suture, being spread out into blotches almost forming fulgurations. The whorls are also more inflated and the denticles are more pronounced. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499681, was collected by Bartsch on the mogote east of the gap of the Dos Sierras. It is a perfect specimen of 7.5 whorls and measures: Length, 16.2 mm; greater diameter, 7.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) REVINCTUM REVINCTUM (Poey) PLATE 33, FIGURE 4 1851. Cyclostoma revinctum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 99, 106, pl. 5, figs. 24-27. This race was first described from Punta San Juan de los Perros, Camaguey Province. Bartsch has also collected it on the paradones about Punta Alegre. This race is paler than the next and a little slenderer, with the whorls a little less convex and the denticles less pronounced. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 388761, comes from Punta de los Perros. It is a perfect specimen of 8 whorls and measures: Length, 16.7 mm; greater diameter, 7.5 mm; lesser diameter, 5.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) CANESCENS Pfeiffer Shell elongate-conic; the color pattern varies materially, sometimes even in the same locality, although as a rule there is a comparatively uniform aspect to it in the same locality. The shell may be flesh-color, or fiesh-color with a brownish tinge. In all shells, even those that are more or less unicolor on the later turns, the early whorls have at least an indication of usually four interrupted spiral bands of brown. These frequently are reduced to mere dots; but whether almost con- tinuous or mere dots, their arrangement is in both axial and spiral series. Frequently there are cloudings to the ground color, and even more frequently there are axial bands of brown or dark brown comma-shaped areas pending from the summit, and other blotches below it; or the shell may be vermiculated, flammulated, or ful- 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 gurated. There is usually a subperipheral dark spiral zone a little more pronounced than those on the spire. The rest of the base is marked like the spire. The inside of the aperture varies from flesh- color to brown. In one race there is a dark reddish-brown band im- mediately within the outer lip on the inner peristome; the outer edge of the inner peristome is usually paler and shows the spiral bands of brown more or less conspicuously, depending upon the development of this element. Nuclear whorls 2, inflated, strongly rounded, form- ing a blunt apex. Suture with a conspicuous brown zone. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, marked by axial ribs which vary con- siderably in strength. At more or less regular intervals these riblets are gathered into tufts at the summit, which likewise vary in strength from broad coarse denticles to slender, short toothlike elements. The spiral scultpure is as variable as the axial, and usually varies with it; that is, when the axial sculpture is feeble, the spiral is likewise so; when the axial sculpture is strong, the spiral is hkewise. Suture well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, narrowly openly umbilicate, the widths of the umbilicus being rather constant for the race in question, marked by the con- tinuation of the axial riblets and spiral threads. Aperture oval; peristome double; the outer of variable width, sometimes scarcely extending beyond the inner, at others rather conspicuously expanded. These characters appear to be constant in the different races. The outer peristome is more or less scalloped at the edge, and this scallop- ing varies in extent; in some races it extends over the major portion of the outer and basal lip, and even the anterior portion of the inner lip; while in others it may be restricted to the angle of the inner and basal lip; the outer peristome is a little more expanded as a rule at the posterior angle, but it does not form a conspicuous auricle at this place; the outer peristome may be fused with the preceding whorl at the parietal wall; it may be appressed to it or entirely free from it. In some of the races this character appears to be constant, while in others it varies from one extreme to another. The inner peristome is also expanded, but less so than the outer, and slightly reflected, usually a little broader on the outer lip than the inner or parietal. Operculum paucispiral with submarginal nucleus, the outer surface covered with a fine thin granular calcareous deposit. Dr. de la Torre has examined Pfeiffer’s type of this species in the British Museum and based the following notes thereon: “A worn specimen without operculum, very elongate, nearly entire, partly calcined, but it is possible to see that it belonged to the orange or reddish colored variety. It measures: Length, 20.0 mm; diameter, 7.0 mm; aperture length, 5.0 mm; diameter, 4.0 mm. The label states that it was received from Cumings.” CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE-—TORRE AND BARTSCH 367 Pfeiffer cites Gibara, Nuevitas, and Holguin. Of these three localities the specimens from Nuevitas satisfy Pfeiffer’s descrip- tion best. They also correspond with the type in size and color. We shall, therefore, consider the Nuevitas race the typical one. The species ranges from Turiguano Island through the Cubitas Mountains eastward to Sagua de Tanamo, breaking up into a series of races described below. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) CANESCENS Adult shell with a dark axial zone immediately within peristome of outer lip___._______-----1----------+----------------------------- alleni Adult shell without a dark axial zone immediately within peristome of outer lip. Shell comparatively slender__------------------------------------ nipense Shell not comparatively slender. Trimcatedeshellashorteand, StOUG= es =e eee perplexum Truncated shell rather long and less stout-----~----------- canescens CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) CANESCENS CANESCENS Pieiffer PLATE 33, FIGURE 8 1851. Chondropoma canescens PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1851, p. 245. 1851. Cyclostoma confertum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 99, 106, pl. 8, figs. 1-3. This subspecies we restrict to the race occupying Nuevitas and the Cubitas Mountain region as well as the mogotes adjacent to these. The truncated shell is rather long, and the whorls are inflated. The sculpture is strong; the outer peristome is rather broadly expanded. It differs chiefly from (@. (C.) canescens perplecum in being more elongate. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 355068, comes from Loma de Borje, Camaguey Province. It has 5.8 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 17.2 mm; greater diameter, 8.5 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) CANESCENS PERPLEXUM, new subspecies PLATE 33, FIGURE 7 This race occupies the region about Gibara and Holguin. It most nearly resembles the typical race, C. (@.) canescens canescens but differs from it in the truncated shell being shorter and in being a little more heavily denticulated at the summit, with the outer peristome a little less strongly expanded. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355062, comes from Holguin. It has al- most 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.2 mm; greater diameter, 7.0 mm; lesser diameter, 5.9 mm. 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOL. 85 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) CANESCENS NIPENSE, new subspecies PLATE 33, FIGURE 9 This race comes from the region about Nipe Bay, Felton, Antilla and Cayo del Rey. It is readily distinguished from the rest in being much slenderer and with the whorls less inflated. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355085, comes from Felton. It has 5.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.1 mm; greater diameter, 7.0 mm; lesser diameter, 5.6 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) CANESCENS ALLENI, new subspecies PLATE 33, FIGURE 5 This race comes from the region about Sagua de Tanamo. In many ways this shell resembles C. (C.) canescens perplexum, but the adult shells, however, are very readily distinguished from it by the dark chestnut-brown axial zone on the inside of the outer lip immediately within the peristome. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367774, has 5.3 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 14.4 mm; greater diameter, 6.8 mm; lesser diameter, 5.7 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) NEGLECTUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 34, FIGURE 5 1856. Cyclostoma neglectum Pory, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, p. 4, nomen nudum. 1858. Cyclostoma neglectum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 5, pp. 46-47. 1858. Chondropoma revinctum PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- tium, suppl. 1, p. 187. Shell very elongate-conic, of horn-color ground color, with inter- rupted bands of brown having both an axial and spiral arrangement. The long axis of the dark streaks is parallel with the spiral sculpture. In addition to this, the ribs are flesh-color in irregular blotches. The inner peristome is pale brown at its outer margin, while the outer shows the dark spiral bands. There is also a very dark brown band encircling the top of the nuclear turns. Nuclear whorls 2, rather large, forming a blunt apex; the first 1.5 well rounded, smooth, the last half with fine axial threads. There is an oblique band of brown at the termination of the nuclear turns, marking a septum or place for disjunction. Postnuclear whorls almost inflated, strongly rounded, marked by threadlike, somewhat retractively curved, axial riblets, which at more or less irregular intervals become strengthened at the summit where several of them frequently fuse to form a tooth- like projection, which is appressed to the preceding turn. In addition to the axial sculpture the whorls are marked by spiral threads, which tia CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 369 are equal to the axial riblets in strength. The junction of these two elements forms slender nodules, while the spaces enclosed between them form squarish pits. Suture rendered conspicuously crenulated by the toothlike projection at the summit. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, moderately, broadly umbilicate, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and spiral threads, which are a little stronger than those on the spire. The umbilical wall is marked by five rather strong spiral cords as well as the feeble continuation of the axial riblets. Aperture oval; peristome double all around; outer peristome expanded obliquely all around, a trifle narrower on the columellar wall; inner peristome also expanded and reflected; at the posterior angle there is a slight auriculation, and here several lamellae are present between the inner and outer peri- stome. Operculum thin, paucispiral with the nucleus intermediate between subcentral and marginal, the major portion covered with a thin, finely granular deposit. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493256, is one received from Dr. de la Torre and collected by Cisneros at Cabo Cruz, Oriente Province. This has 7.6 whorls and measures: Length, 15.0 mm; greater diameter, 6.8 mm; lesser diameter, 5.4 mm. The species ranges along the south coast from Ojo de Agua to Manzanillo. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DILATATUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell elongate-conic, with the ground color flesh-color or horn color, marked by interrupted spiral bands of brown, which vary from inconspicuous to very decided chestnut brown in color, and which also vary very materially in width; peristome whitish, rayed with brown; the interior of the aperture varies with the coloration of the outside; there is also a brown line following the suture on the apex of the shell. Nuclear whorls almost 2, well rounded, smooth except the last portion of the last turn, which shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by very slender, poorly developed, retractively slanting axial riblets; of these, at quite regular intervals, several become fused at the summit to form conspicuous denticles. The strength of these denticles varies materially in the different races. The spiral sculpture consists of quite closely spaced threads, which in some of the races are of about the same strength as the axial riblets, while in others they are weaker; the junctions of the axial riblets and the spiral threads scarcely form nodules, while the spaces enclosed be- tween them are moderately well impressed pits. Suture well con- stricted. Periphery subangulate. Base short, well rounded, openly 66879—38 12 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOL. 85 umbilicated, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and the spiral threads equaling those of the spire on the last turn in strength and spacing; immediately within the umbilicus there are several stronger spiral threads. Aperture very broadly oval; peristome double, the outer slightly expanded and slightly reflected, denticulate at the junction of the inner and basal lip; the inner moderately ex- serted and also reflected and almost fused with the outer. Operculum very thin with the nucleus halfway between marginal and central, the inner half of the last whorl covered with a very thin coat of cal- careous granules, This species is confined to eastern Cuba where it breaks up into a number of subspecies here described. Of the typical race Gundlach says: “On trees. Animal brownish white, on the head (between the antennae), and on the rump gray. Neck clay yellow; antennae bright brown with white apex. The region about the eye white.” KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DILATATUM Greater.diameter more. thant §-5)mm-oi 2.4 ee aE eee ee toroense Greater diameter less than 8.0 mm. Seulpturewrather: coarse@=s. ==. =. ee eee pilotense Sculpture fine. Denticles at the summit fine and closely spaced. Interrupted spiral bands of brown broad___-------____ bayatense Interrupted spiral bands of brown narrow___---------~- dilatatum Denticles at summit not fine or closely spaced_-------_~- subdilatatum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DILATATUM DILATATUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 34, FIGuRE 9 1859. Cyclostoma dilatatum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakazool. Bliitter, vol. 6, De nboe This race, which originally was collected by Gundlach along the River Yateras, by Wright at Monte Verde, and by Henderson and Bartsch on the shoulder of Monte Libano near the Guaso River, has the whorls moderately inflated and finely denticulated at the sum- mit. The interrupted spiral bands are, comparatively speaking, nar- row, the surface is blotched with white areas suggesting a watered silk aspect. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no, 493258, is one of two collected by Gundlach at Yateras. It has 8.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.6 mm; greater diameter, 7.6 mm; lesser diameter, 6.1 mm. Of the subspecies here described it most nearly resembles (. (C.) dilatatum bayatense, from which it can be distinguished easily by its larger size and narrower interrupted spiral bands. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDRGPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 371 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DILATATUM TOROENSE, new subspecies PLATE 34, FIGURE 7 This race comes from San Felipe, Lechuza, Monte Toro. It is the largest of the known races and has the elements constituting the interrupted spiral bands so much widened that they almost fuse axially, forming conspicuous axial dark bands. The type, U.S.N.M. no, 367766, has 5.6 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.8 mm; greater diameter, 8.6 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DILATATUM BAYATENSE, new subspecies PLATE 34, FIGURE 6 This race was collected by Dr. Ramsden at Bayate, west of Monte Toro. It isa small race resembling in the character of the sculpture the typical @. (C.) dilatatum but differing from it in having the spiral bands, comparatively speaking, much broader, in which respect it stands about halfway between C. (C.) délatatum dilatatum and C. (C.) d. toroense. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367768, has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.9 mm; greater diameter, 6.1 mm; lesser diameter, 5.0 mm, CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DILATATUM PILOTENSE, new subspecies PLATE 34, FIGURE 4 This subspecies comes from Pilote, Arriba, Mayari. It differs from all the others by having both the axial and spiral sculpture much coarser and more netlike with the denticles at the summit much heavier. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367767, is a complete specimen of seven whorls and measures: Length, 13.2 mm; greater diameter, 6.4 mm; lesser diameter, 5.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DILATATUM SUBDILATATUM, new subspecies PLATE 34, FIGURE 8 The type of this race comes from Guajenal, Sagua de Tanamo. We also have it from El Coco, Sagua de Tanamo. It differs from typical C. (C.) dilatatum dilatatum, with which it agrees in size, in having both the axial and spiral sculpture coarser but not so coarse as in C@. (C.) dilatatum pilotense. The denticles at the summit, too, stand about half way between these two forms, while the outer peristome is much more expanded than in any of the others. She PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367764, has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.1 mm; greater diameter, 6.8 mm; lesser diam- eter, 5.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DELATREANUM (Orbigny) Shell elongate-conic; all our specimens truncated; ground color ranging from flesh-color to pale brown; darker brown spiral bands are present, which are usually interrupted and the elements constituting them are arranged in both axial and spiral series. At times, however, they are continuous, but even then there is more or less of an axial and spiral emphasis in the color pattern. At times the outer edge of the axial ribs is white, which forms, in addition to the color scheme mentioned above, a blotchy appearance. The peristome is rarely ever marked by strong alternating bands of dark and light; as a rule it is unicolor. Postnuclear whorls moderately strongly arched, marked by retractively slanting axial riblets, which are slightly sinuous and which are at irregular intervals gathered into tufts or strong denticles at the summit. In addition to this, spiral threads are present, which are a little wider than or as wide as the axial ribs. The junctions of the ribs and the spiral threads form slender nodules, while the spaces enclosed between them form more or less rectangular or squarish pits. Suture moderately constricted. Base moderately long, narrowly openly umbilicated, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs and spiral threads, the latter a little broader and more closely spaced than those on the spire. The umbilical wall is marked by rather conspicu- ous spiral threads. The last whorl is solute for a small fraction of a turn. Aperture oval; peristome double, both the inner and outer mod- erately expanded and reflected, the outer extends a little less beyond the inner on the columellar wall and forms a slight auricle at the posterior angle; the inner projects considerably above the outer. Op- erculum thin, with the nucleus midway between subcentral and mar- ginal, covered with a fine, thin granular deposit. The races of this species are distributed through Santa Clara Province. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DELATREANUM Length of decollated’ shell more “than 13) mm 22.2 santafeum Length of decollated shell less than 12 mm. ast. whorl-conspicuously-solute22e) =a ee ee bonacheum Last whorl not conspicuously solutes22— =e a eee delatreanum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DELATREANUM SANTAFEUM, new subspecies PLATE 33, FIGURE 2 This race, which is larger than the others, comes from the region about Loma de Santa Fe, Santa Clara Province. The sculpture is CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 373 much stronger than in the other races. The color markings on the peristome also extend more prominently over the outer lip. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493277, was collected by John B. Henderson at Loma de Santa Fe. It has a little more than 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.9 mm; greater diameter, 6.1 mm; lesser diameter, 5.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DELATREANUM BONACHEUM, new subspecies PLATE 33, FIGURE 1 This is the other small race that has the sculpture stronger than the typical (. (C.) delatreanum delatreanum and the denticles at the summit stronger and more distantly spaced. The last whorl is also much more solute. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493279, comes from Loma de Bonachea, a limestone hill on the north side of the road leading from Santa Clara to Remedios, 5 or 6 miles from Santa Clara. It has 4 whorls remain- ing and measures: Length, 11.1 mm; greater diameter, 5.8 mm; lesser diameter, 4.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) DELATREANUM DELATREANUM (Orbigny) PLATE 33, FIGURE 3 1841. Cyclostoma delatreana OrpieNy, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 262-263. 1845. Cyclostoma dutertreana Orsieny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 22, figs. 18-20. This race occupies the region about Soledad and Trinidad, Santa Clara Province. It is one of the two small races with the sculpture less strongly developed than in the others. It usually has a some- what oily appearance and the denticles average finer than in the other small race, (. (C.) delatreanum bonacheum, from which it also differs by having the last whorl less solute. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493267, comes from near Guanao, 5 miles east of Cienfuegos. It has a little more than 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.1 mm; greater diameter, 5.4 mm; lesser diameter, 4.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) AUBERIANUM (Orbigny) Shell elongate-conic, pale brown, marked by narrow elongated brown spots, which form almost continuous spiral bands. Nuclear whorls 2, inflated, forming a truncated apex, the first very finely granulose, the last half of the last with fine indistinct axial threads. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by well-elevated, retrac- 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 tively slanting axial threads. A number of these threads are gath- ered together at the summit at more or less regular intervals into broad, large tufts or denticles. The spiral sculpture consists of threads a little stronger than the axial but much more distantly spaced. The junctions of the axial and spiral threads form feeble nodules, while the spaces enclosed between them form rectangular pits having their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, narrowly umbilicated, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs and spiral threads, the latter a trifle stronger than those on the spire. Several spiral threads are present on the parietal wall within the umbilicus. Last whorl slightly solute. Aperture broadly oval; slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome single, though in some of the specimens there is the merest indication of doubling at the posterior angle. This, however, may be altogether due to the denticles being well developed at that place at times. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with a thin, finely granular deposit on the outside. Nucleus submarginal. Pfeiffer describes the animal as ashy gray. Eyes very distant, black, placed upon the white conic antennae. Foot very short posteriorly. This is a lowland species that ranges from Matanzas Province west to Esperanza and southward to the south coast. C. (C.) auberianum has been confused with @. (C.) dentatwm, which comes from the Flor- ida Keys and which we consider a distinct species. We are recognizing two subspecies. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) AUBERIANUM Axial/and spiral ‘sculpture:prominent.=2. 2 2322-2 ee ee auberianum Axial and: spirale sculpture not: prominent] 22228" "eee mayense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) AUBERIANUM AUBERIANUM (Orbigny) PLATE 34, Ficures 1, 3 1839. Cyclostoma lineolatum ANTON, Verzeichniss der Conchylien, p. 54; not Cyclostoma lineolatum Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres, vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 147, 1822. 1839. Cyclostoma crenulatum PFEIFFER, Wiegmann’s Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 1, p. 356; not Cyclostoma crenulatum (Férussac) Potiez and Michaud, Galerie des mollusques . . . Douai, vol. 1, p. 235, pl. 24, figs. 3, 4, 1838. 1842. Cyclostoma auberianum Orpieny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 260, pl. 22, figs. 12-14. 1850. Licina lunulatum MULiER, in Morch’s Catalogus conchyliorum quae reli- quit C. P. Kierulf, p. 8. 1876. Chondropoma cisnerosi ARANGO, Ann. Real Acad. Cienc. Habana, 1876, p. 1. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 375 This very widely distributed race is easily distinguished from QC. (C.) auberianum mayense by its larger size and weaker sculpture. The unworn shells always have a shining semivarnished aspect, which is absent from both C. (C.) auberianum mayense and C. (C.) dentatum. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493204, is one of four collected by Gundlach at Habana. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.2 mm; greater diameter, 6.5 mm; lesser diameter, 5.6 mm. A summary of the measurements of 100 specimens from various localities yields the following data: Greater Lesser Number of whorls Length Ginnieter diameter Mm Mm Mm Greatest= 222... csa5-2225222- 6: 9h oo eee es See 15.8 Maud 6.3 WieaStee + 2s sae peeeeeaece ae 4--(tip broken) +-2-:-.3...-3.- wee 4.5 3.6 IAS OL AUG ers o cases c ce pcem ene 4+-(tip broken) .-...---------- 12.2 6.2 5.2 Chrondropoma cisnerosi Arango was based upon a _ pathologic specimen, the obsolete keeling of which was due to an injury. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) AUBERIANUM MAYENSE, new subspecies PLATE 34, FIGURE 2 This race, which comes from the north coastal region east of Matanzas, is smaller than typical @. (@.) auberianum auberianum and has the sculpture much stronger and lacks the semivarnished aspect of that race. In strength of sculpture it resembles the Flor- idian C. (0.) dentatum Say but differs from that by having the axial riblets much less crowded. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 134930, comes from Palma Sola east of Punta de Maya, that is, between Matanzas and Cardenas. It has 4.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 10.2 mm; greater diameter, 5.2 mm; lesser diameter, 4.4 mm. CHONDROPOMISCA, new subgenus Small shells, varying from ovate to broadly ovate in outline, with the spiral threads a little stronger than the axial riblets, the junc- tions of the two forming sharply pointed cusps. The summit of the whorls is rendered finely denticulated by the axial riblets. Per- istome double, the outer only moderately expanded. Type: Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) rufopictum (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROPOMISCA Shell inflated, very broadly ovate. Scuiptura very Cogrse-—. oe eee greenfieldi Sculpture! Hine Law Ase See ee eee revocatum Shell not inflated, not very broadly ovate. Shell ovate. Nodulations of -whorls strong_— eee rufopictum Nodulations of whorls not strong. Nodulations very fine and regular. Axial and spiral sculpture of equal strength________ solidulum Axial and spiral sculpture not of equal strength. Spiral sculpture stronger than axial____--__ unilabiatum Shell not ovate. ShellJelonzate-ovateet=-2.- 2S Rete ss See ee eee aguayoi CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) RUFOPICTUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 39, FIGURE 2 1860. Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) rufopictum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 7, pp. 30-31. Shell small, ovate, the first postnuclear turn is dark brown on the posterior half, the rest, as well as the succeeding whorls, are flesh- color, with spots of brown arranged in axial and spiral series. Postnuclear whorls well rounded but not inflated, narrowly shoul- dered at the summit, marked by rather strong, slightly retractively slanting, slender axial ribs, which are rather distantly spaced on all the turns, and five feeble spiral cords, which are obsolete on the first turn; the junctions of the spiral cords and the axial riblets form poorly developed nodules, an occasional one of which is thin and hollow. The axial riblets extend strongly to the shoulder at the summit, which they render crenulated. Suture almost channeled. Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base well rounded, rather openly umbilicated, the outer limit of the umbilicus marked by a strong spiral cord and two, a little less strong arg present within the um- bilicus. In addition to this, the base is marked by the continuation of the axial riblets. Aperture pyriform; peristome double, the inner slightly reflected and marked by alternate rays of pale brown and darker brown; the outer closely approximated to the inner all around except at the posterior angle where it is projected to form a slight ear. Here several lamellae are present, filling the gap between the two peristomes; the parietal wall is appressed to the preceding turn. Operculum paucispiral with subcentral nucleus, the outside covered with a thin deposit of fine granules. Of this Gundlach states, loc. e7t.: “On trees and shrubs at Baracoa. Animal pale or bright brownish. Black splotches or spots on the neck and are present in greater numbers on the anterior end of the CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 377 head where they become confluent. White blotches are present on the sides of the body. Head red within; base of tentacles whitish rose- red, the middle mennig-red with the tip thickened and gray.” The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 354984, is cne of two from the Redfield collection obtained from Poey and labeled as coming from Jacquecito, Baracoa. It has 4 whorls and measures: Length, 9.4 mm; greater diameter, 6.1 mm; lesser diameter, 5.6 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) UNILABIATUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell small, white, horn-color, yellow or orange. Nuclear whorls 9.5, very inflated, strongly rounded, forming a blunt apex, smooth, excepting the last portion of the last whorl, which shows the begin- ning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by retractively slanting axial riblets, which are a little more closely crowded upon the last than the earlier turns. In addition to these riblets, the whorls are marked by slender spiral cords, which render their junctions with the axial riblets regularly, finely nodulose, while the spaces enclosed between them are somewhat curved, rectangular and narrow, having their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. The angle at the summit of the whorls is rendered crenulated by the tubercles of the first spiral cord. Suture almost channeled. Periphery well rounded. Base very broad, somewhat inflated, well rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated, marked by almost equal and equally spaced spiral threads, which render the axial riblets which continue over the base, wavy; the outer limit of the umbilicus is marked by a strong spiral cord and a second a little less strong on the midspace of the umbilical wall; the umbilical wall is also marked by the continuations of the fine axial riblets. Aperture broadly oval; peristome expanded with a poor indication toward doubling at the posterior portion of the inner lip, rather broadly expanded and reflected; parietal wall ap- pressed and fused to the preceding turn; operculum paucispiral with subcentral nucleus. Of this Gundlach says, loc. cit.: “On cliffs at Baracoa. Animal gray; whitish dots form spots by their confluence on the sides of the foot, on the base of the tentacles and on the neck. Black marks or wavy confluent lines are present on the snout and in lesser numbers upon the head. Tentacles of coral-red color without dots, their base brighter with gray tip.” This species occupies the region about Baracoa where several races are present, each with a rather restricted habitat. 378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM You. 85 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) UNILABIATUM Sculpture strong. Outer lip with a deep orange axial zone within. hell jpale eraneet 2 = bt oe ee a unilabiatum sell ‘deepiorange. to sr ae ee rubrum Outer lip without a deep orange axial zone within______________ dunkeri NCUIPLUre- NOL SLTONS = 22. ee a ee ee ee obsoletum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) UNILABIATUM UNILABIATUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 39, FIGURE 3 1860. Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) unilabiatum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malak- ozool. Blatter, vol. 7, p. 31. This race comes from the Fort at El Paraiso, Baracoa. It is smaller and paler red than @. (@.) unilabiatum rubrum and also has the red axial zone of the inside of the outer lip paler and less extensive. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 354940, is one collected by Gundlach. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 9.5 mm; greater diameter, 6.3 mm; lesser diameter, 5.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) UNILABIATUM RUBRUM, new subspecies PLATE 39, F1curE 1 This race comes from the east side of Baracoa Harbor. It is dis- tinguished from typical C. (C.) wnilabiatum by its larger size and much more intensely red coloration of both shell and interior of outer lip. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468967, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 11.4 mm; greater diameter, 7.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) UNILABIATUM OBSOLETUM, new subspecies lad PLATE 39, Figure 7 1860. Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) -unilabiatum 8 (GuNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 7, p. 31. This subspecies comes from Mata, east of Baracoa. Here the color varies from white to yellow to pale orange, while the axial and spiral sculpture in both are decidedly reduced. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 354941, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 10.2 mm; greater diameter, 6.5 mm; lesser diameter, 5.8 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 379 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) UNILABIATUM DUNKERI (Arango) Pfeiffer PLATE 39, FIGURE 4 1866. Chondropoma dunkeri (ARANGO) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 13, p. 63. This subspecies comes from Cayojuin near Baracoa. Here the outer lip lacks the axial orange band within the aperture; the spiral sculpture is also a little stronger than in the other races. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 354939, a topo- type, collected by Arango at Cayojuin, has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 9.5 mm; greater diameter, 6.3 mm; lesser diam- eter, 5.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) SOLIDULUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell small, when truncated ovate, of flesh-colored or pale yellow ground color, marked with rather distantly spaced dots of brown, which form interrupted spiral bands and axial zones, for the dots are arranged in both spiral and axial series. Nuclear whorls 2, smooth, well rounded, forming a somewhat truncated apex. Post- nuclear whorls narrowly shouldered at the summit, the early ones marked by slender axial riblets, which are retractively slanting and feeble spiral threads. On the succeeding whorls the spiral threads gain in strength until they equal or even excel the axial riblets and form at their junction with the axial riblets conspicuous oval nodules, which have their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. The axial ribs on the major portion of the turns are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them and they rather conspicuously crenulate the channeled suture. Periphery well rounded; base short, moderately openly umbilicated, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs and spiral cords equaling those on the spire. The umbilical wall is also marked by spiral cords and the continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer and inner fused at the edge except on the parietal wall and the posterior angle of the aperture where they show distinctness. The peristome is slightly expanded on the outer lip and adnate to the preceding turn on the parietal wall. Operculum paucispiral, with the outside covered with a thin deposit of calcareous granules. Of this species Gundlach says: “On the seashore at Baracoa, under rocks and dried leaves of Cocoloba. Animal whitish with white dots which are fused on the side into spots, and other dots of black on the neck, head and snout. Head reddish within. Tentacles with their base rose-red, turning gray toward the tip which is thickened and quite dark.” This species ranges from Baracoa westward along the coast through Sagua de Tanamo to Vita, breaking up into several subspecies. 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) SOLIDULUM Ground. color of shell flesh-colors 22-2 em ee ee vitaense Ground color of shell yellow. Length of decollated shell more than 10 mm_______________ solidulum Length of decollated shell less than 9 mm________..__ tanamense CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) SOLIDULUM VITAENSE, new subspecies PLATE 39, FIGURE 6 This race comes from Vita Harbor. It is a pale race, in which the ground color is flesh-color, which renders the interrupted spiral markings all the more conspicuous. It is also larger than the other two races. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 468968, comes from the west side of Vita Harbor. It has 3.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 11.6 mm; greater diameter, 7.3 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) SOLIDULUM SOLIDULUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 39, Figure 9 1860. Cyclostoma (Chondropoma) solidulum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 7, p. 30. The typical race comes from Baracoa. We also have it from Cayojuin west of Baracoa. This race closely resembles that of C. (C.) solédulum tanamense, from which it is differentiated by its uniformly larger size. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493116, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 10.4 mm; greater diameter, 5.8 mm; lesser diameter, 5.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) SOLIDULUM TANAMENSE, new subspecies PLATE 39, Ficure 5 1920. Chondropoma (Chondropoma) solidulum tanamensis (TorRE) HENDERSON and Bartscu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 62 (nomen nudum). This race comes from Sagua de Tanamo. It resembles the typical race in every way except in being much smaller. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493122, has 3.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 8.8 mm; greater diameter, 6.3 mm; lesser diameter 5.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) REVOCATUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 39, FIGURE 10 1857. Cyclostoma revocatum ( GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 4, p. 178. 1858. Chondropoma revocatum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 5, p. 191. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 8381 Shell moderately large, when truncated almost subglobose, pale orange-red. Nuclear whorls almost 2, inflated, strongly rounded, the initial portion chestnut-brown, without sculpture. Postnuclear whorls very strongly inflated, strongly rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, unicolor, marked by numerous slender retractively curved axial riblets, which are only about one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separate them and spiral cords of about the same strength and spacing. The junctions of these two elements form minute cusps, while the spaces enclosed between them are rectangular pits having their long axis parallel with the axial sculpture. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, mod- erately openly umbilicated and marked lke the spire. This sculp- ture also extends onto the umbilical wall, but here the axial riblets become very closely approximated. The last whorl is solute for a short fraction of a turn. Aperture very broadly ovate; peristome double, the inner exserted and reflected quite distinct from the outer ; the outer moderately broad, obliquely expanded and marked by feebly concentric lamina, rendered crenulated by the external sculp- ture. On the parietal wall, however, the outer peristome is much narrower than on the rest of the turns. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with subcentral nucleus and a fine granular deposit on the outside. Of the animal of this species Gundlach # says: “Below rocks and dry leaves in shrubbery. The animal is light in color, dotted with fine white dots, the snout and forehead are marked by minute dark dots and is transversely sharply delineated. There are also some fine dots between the antennae, which are cinnabar red with some- what brownish tips. The head is reddish within, but the head it- self, as well as the base of the tentacles, are white. The digestive system is visible through the substance of the animal.” The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493125, is a cotype collected by Gundlach at the Estero en Cabo Cruz. It has 3.5 whorls remain- ing and measures: Length, 11.8 mm; greater diameter, 8.7 mm; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) GREENFIELDI, new species PLATE 39, FIGURE 8 Shell rather large, when truncated subglobular, flesh-color, with interrupted spiral bands of brown, the dots composing which are also arranged in axial series. Nuclear whorls 2.3, inflated, strongly rounded, finely granulose, the initial portion dark chestnut brown. Postnuclear whorls very strongly inflated, rounded, very narrowly shouldered at the summit, forming a slightly channeled suture, 8 Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 5, p. 191, 1858. 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 marked by rather distantly spaced, moderately strong, retractively slanting axial riblets, and much stronger distantly spaced spiral cords, which on the last turn show intercalated cords of a finer strength than the major cords. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base inflated, openly moderately broadly umbilicated, strongly rounded and marked like the spire, with spiral cords of similar strength and a continuation of the axial riblets. On the umbilical wall the axial riblets become slenderer, more lamellose and more closely approxi- mated, while the spiral sculpture becomes decidedly reduced. The last whorl is solute for a slight fraction of a turn. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the inner decidedly exserted and slightly reflected ; the outer obliquely expanded, narrower on the parietal wall than on the rest, marked by slender concentric laminae and form- ing somewhat of an auricle at the posterior angle. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with almost submarginal nucleus. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 390425, was collected by Bartsch at the mouth of the Rio Ojo del Toro, Oriente, Cuba. It has 4 whorls re- maining and measures: Length, 14.2 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. The large series of specimens before us from this locality and the mouth of the Rio Puerco, a nearby stream, shows this to be a perfectly distinct species, which in many ways recalls C. (C.) revocatum, but its larger size and much coarser sculpture apparently without inter- grades entitle it to specific rank. Of the animal of this species Bartsch’s field notes, taken at Rio Puerco, August 30, 1930, state: “Forehead very pale pinkish brown, tentacles smoke gray, moderately long slender ovally expanded at the tip. Snout pale buff with a smoky tinge. Side of the body pale smoky gray. Sole of the foot short, medially cleft, wave motion of the two sides alternate. Progression is by short jerks, the shell being carried obliquely.” Found under stones, quite abundant. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) AGUAYOI, new species PLATE 35, FIGURE 9 Shell elongate-ovate, pale straw-color, with the first portion of the remaining whorls chestnut-brown, which is also the color of the line marking the plug in the truncated end. There are also present very weak, rather distantly spaced, interrupted lines of brown. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens; postnuclear whorls moder- ately rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit and marked by slender, retractively curved, somewhat sinuous, axial riblets and spiral threads of the same strength, the combination of the two producing CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 383 fine, low, rounded nodules at their intersection. The axial riblets are slightly closer spaced than the spiral threads. Of the spiral threads, 16 occur between the periphery and the summit on the last turn. Periphery well rounded; base moderately long, strongly rounded and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets which extend into the umbilicus, and 14 spiral threads of about the same strength as those on the spire. The umbilicus is rather wide, and in addition to the axial riblets shows strong spiral threads. Aperture ovate; per- istome double, white, the outer narrowly expanded, forming a con- spicuous pointed auricle at the posterior angle, the inner also ex- panded and appressed to and adnate to the outer, conspicuously sepa- rated only at the auricle. Operculum thin, paucispiral, corneous. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493291, was collected by John B. Hender- son at Santa Lucia, La Silla, Oriente. It has 4.4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.8 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.4 mm. This species can readily be distinguished from the other members of Chondropoma (Chondropomisca) by its much more elongated form. Subgenus CHONDROPOMARTES Henderson and Bartsch 1921. Chondropomartes HENDERSON and BarrscH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 60. Shell ovate-conic, the intersections of the axial ribs and spiral threads forming sharp cusps. Operculum with a very heavy callus. This group, as set up by Henderson and Bartsch, was a hetero- geneous assemblage. Additional material collected about Matanzas shows that C. (C.) presasianum, the type species, is connected with in- tergradient forms with C. (@.) irradians. While the hollow spines formed by the intersection of the axial ribs and spiral sculpture may be reduced to almost the vanishing point, they are, nevertheless, indicated in all the forms. The present arrangement was made possible and easily intelligible by the accessions obtained by Dr. de la Torre and from his coworkers, which show that the subgenera as now conceived constitute a per- fectly natural group. An interesting character is the very heavy callus on the operculum. The group, as now constituted, centers about Matanzas. Type: Chondropoma presasianum (Gundlach) Pfeiffer. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CHONDROPOMARTES DINCSHVENY 4SErONe is 2h 95s OL tres ad dee! syed Pan es presasianum PODER WET RTT 8 et acer es en Pd ove 9 UN pty eh nag Oe ee oa ye irradians Spines intermediate between the above_______________________ portuandoi 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) PRESASIANUM (Gundlach) Pfeiffer Shell elongate-conic, flesh-color, with brownish markings that form axial and interrupted spiral elements. These bands of brown show up best on the expanded portion of the outer peristome, where they form alternate areas with the ground color. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by sublamellar, somewhat wavy, retractively slanting axial ribs and spiral cords; the junctions of the two form hollow tubercular spines, which, when the tip is broken away, prove to be made up of a mere thin shell of sub- stance. The spaces enclosed between the spiral cords and the axial ribs are rectangular areas having their long axis parallel with the ax- ial sculpture. Suture well constricted. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbilicated, and marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and spiral threads, which equal those on the spire. The umbilical wall is also similarly marked, but here the sculpture becomes somewhat reduced. Aper- ture oval, with a slight contraction at the posterior angle; peristome double, the inner forming a ring, which is slightly expanded, slightly reflected, smooth, and somewhat thickened, the outer forming a very broad, flaring, slightly up-curved expansion, which extends all around in equal width except where it touches the preceding turn at the parietal wall, where it is very narrow. This flaring portion is marked by a series of wavy scalloped lamellae, which form a regular series of elevations and depressions from the inner peristome out- ward to the outer margin. These lamellae are very delicate and in many of the specimens examined have been lost, probably in the cleaning process. On the outside of this expanded portion the ridges forming the fimbriations prove to be extensions of the spiral cords, the areas between them being broader. Operculum thin, horny, paucispiral, with subcentral nucleus, the outside of all but the central whorls being covered with minute calcareous granules. Bartsch’s field notes, Station 20, Finca El Pan, July 21, 1928, state: “Animal short, forehead marked with numerous short brownish streaks. This darkish area is bordered on each side by a flesh-colored zone, which is slightly tinged with smoke gray. This same color ex- tends from this area over the tentacles, which are flesh-color, almost white, with a grayish tinge. The tentacles swell out slightly toward the tip and here are a little darker in color. Sides of the body smoke gray. Sole of foot a little paler than the sides, deeply medially cleft. Motion of the two sides alternate.” The animals, after being removed from the stones to which we found them cemented, would withdraw deeply within their shells and refuse to come out. Only one did so after a very long wait. In CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 385 this respect it differs radically from Chondropoma (Chondro- pomartes) irradians, which is ever ready to move. This species comes from E] Palenque and the adjacent limestone blocks, and extends west to Canasi. We are recognizing two sub- species. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) PRESASIANUM Shellesmall: palevand: slender". 23 22 35 2 Ak es ee canasiense Shell moderately larger, darker, and stouter____________________ presasianum CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) PRESASIANUM CANASIENSE, new subspecies PLATE 37, FIGURE 5 This race comes from near Canasi, west of Matanzas. It is smaller, slenderer, and paler than C. (C.) presasianum presasianum. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367754, was collected by Arango. It has 4.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.4 mm; greater di- ameter, 10.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA See Se PRESASIANUM (Gundlach) eiffer PLatTe 87, FIGURE 4 1863. Chondropoma presasianum (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 10, p. 188. This, the typical race, occupies the main range of El Palenque as well as some of the limestone blocks that have become separated from it by erosion. It is larger, stouter, and darker than @. (@.) presasianum canasiense, The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 499603, comes from the Elena Farm, El Palenque. It has 5.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.0 mm; greater diameter, 12.8 mm; lesser diameter, 7.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) PORTUANDOI, new species PLATE 37, FIGURE 3 Shell elongate-conic, early whorls dark, the rest pale yellow with broad interrupted spiral bands of brown; peristome is very darkly and conspicuously rayed. Nuclear whorls 2.2, decidedly inflated and strongly rounded, forming a blunt apex. Postnuclear whorls marked by slender, slightly retractively curved axial and spiral threads, the latter a little stronger than the axial; the junction of the two forms low feeble hollow spines. Suture moderately con- stricted. Periphery inflated, well rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbilicated, and marked by the continua- 66879—38——-13 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 85 tion of the axial riblets and spiral threads, those on the posterior half of the base being finely spinose and those on the anterior half and within the umbilicus finely scalloped. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer very broadly expanded, fluted and marked with closely spaced lamellae; inner peristome slightly ex- serted and reflected, appressed to the outer. Operculum thin, pauci- spiral, with submarginal nucleus covered by a granular calcareous deposit. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 567755, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.8 mm; greater diameter, 12.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.5 mm. This species, like C. (@.) trradians, 1s lively and readily comes from the shell when it is permitted to remain quiet for a little while. This species was collected by Portuando and later by Bartsch on two small limestone blocks lying off the north side of El Palenque near the house of Desidero Sanchez. This species has the combined characteristics of C. (C.) presasia- num and (, (C.) irradians. It is possible that it may represent a hybridization of the two. However, all of our specimens are so uni- form in their characters that if hybridization is their source then fixation has taken place. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS (Shuttleworth) Pfeiffer Shell elongate-conic, varying in ground color from white to pale horn-color to pale brown. The postnuclear whorls are marked with interrupted spiral bands of brown of varying width, which are also arranged in axial series, the bands on the spire being a little broader than those on the base. Interior of aperture of the same color as the outside. Peristome white, with broad brown rays. There is an oblique brownish band marking the plug at the truncated end. Nuclear whorls 2.3, strongly rounded, smooth with a few incremental lines at the termination of the nuclear spire; the whorls remaining well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by feeble, retractively slanting, moderately closely spaced axial and spiral threads, the latter a little stronger than the axial. The junctions of these two elements ferm feeble nodules, while the spaces enclosed between them are more or less squarish pits. The spiral threads near the summit show more of a tendency toward nodulation than those on the middle cf the turns. Periphery of the last turn well rounded. Base short, well rounded, marked by the continuation of the feeble axial and spiral threads. The latter are here of about the same strength as those on the spire, but rendered a little more strongly nodulose by the axial threads than on the spire. The base CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 387 is openly umbilicated. The outside of the umbilical wall is marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and spiral threads. Aper- ture moderately large, ovate; peristome double, the outer very broadly, flaringly expanded, not quite in one plane but somewhat wavy, of about the same width all around except at the parietal wall where it is much narrower and where it is appressed and adnate to the preceding turn. The expanded outer peristome is composed of a series of concentric lamellae. The inner peristome is a little thicker, moderately elevated, slightly expanded and reflected. Oper- culum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with the nucleus almost submar- ginal, the outside covered with a deposit of fine calcareous granules, which are placed in a more or less wavy pattern, Of the animal of C. (@.) irradians palenquense Bartsch took the following field notes at El Palenque, July 21, 1928, Station 19: “Animal short, with numerous small elongate spots of brown on the forehead, which give to the back a somewhat brownish appear- ance. Base of tentacles with a whitish buffy ring bordered on the sides by a streak of the same color. Tentacles ashy gray, muzzle light ashy buff. Sides of the body buffish gray. Sides of foot ashy; sole of foot ashy with a faint yellowish tinge, deeply medially cleft. Motion of the two sides alternate.” In this species the animal readily comes out of the shell if it is allowed to remain quiet for a little while. In this respect it differs radically from @. (C.) presasianum, which refuses to come forth readily. This species ranges from Loma Quintinal through Vista Alegre, through Abra Figueroa, through Pan de Matanzas, through El Palenque, and through the Sierra Camarones to Vieja Beremeja. We are recognizing six subspecies. Distribution of the subspecies of C. (@.) irradians is shown in figure 101. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS Ground color pale brown. pepilenn Reise 2 er ee ee ee panense Shell not large. pnellorilianihy banded .— == ee eee figuroense shellinot brilliantly banded! 22__ 222222 ee eee irradians Ground color not pale brown. Ground color flesh-color. Decollated shell more than 17 mm__-___________________ palenquense Decollated shell less than 15 mm______________-___ camaronense Ground color not flesh-color, but white__________._._______ candicans 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS IRRADIANS (Shuttleworth) Pfeiffer PLATE 37, FIGURE 1 1852. Chondropoma irradians (SHUTTLEWORTH) PFEIFFER, Catalogue of Phaneropneumona ... in the British Museum, p. 209. 1854. Chondropoma irradians PretrFerR, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 273, pl. 37, figs. 9-10. The typical form of this species was collected by Rugel at Loma Quintinal, near Matanzas, and by him sent to Shuttleworth, who in turn sent a letter to Pfeiffer, who published Shuttleworth’s descrip- tion as cited above. We have four specimens also collected by Rugel, one of which we figure, which indicate plainly that this is the small dark race which extends from Quintinal southwestward through the limestone block terminating at Vista Alegre. Matanzas Figure 101.—Distribution of the subspecies of Chondropoma (Chondropomartes) irradians: (1) irradians; (2) figuroense; (3) panense; (4) palenquense; (5) camaroneuse ; (6) candicans. The small size and dark color are its distinguishing features. The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. no. 493126, has a little more than 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.8 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 6.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS FIGUROENSE, new subspecies PLATE 36, FIGURE 3 This is the brilliantly colored race occupying the Abra de Figuroa. It is a little larger than the typical race and much more brightly colored. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 389 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499606, one of a large series from the same place, is almost a complete specimen. It has 7 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.5 mm; greater diameter, 12.0 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS PANENSE, new subspecies PLATE 36, FIGURE 4 This, the largest race collected by Presas, Gundlach, Wright, Torre, Henderson, Bartsch, and others on the south exposure of Pan de Mantanzas, is comparatively dull in color and less strongly sculp- tured than the rest. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493133, has 5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.9 mm; greater diameter, 18.8 mm; lesser di- ameter, 8.1 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS PALENQUENSE, new subspecies PLATE 36, FIGURE 5 A large series of specimens from a number of stations on the north face of El Palenque, while agreeing fairly well in size with C. (C.) irradians figuroense, are paler in coloration and a little more strongly sculptured. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367756, has 4 and the basal half of the first of the remaining turns and measures: Length, 17.8 mm; greater diameter, 12.2 mm; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS CAMARONENSE, new subspecies PxuaTE 36, Ficure 2 This race, which comes from the Sierra de Camarones, is as small and as stout as C. (C.) trradians candicans but of buff instead of white ground color. The outer peristome is unusually broadly ex- panded, The type, U.S.N.M. no. 499607, comes from a cliff about 500 meters west of Pefa del Leon. It has about 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.4 mm; greater diameter, 11.8 mm; lesser di- ameter, 6.5 mm. CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS CANDICANS, new subspecies PLATE 36, FIGURE 1 This, the palest of all the known races, has the ground color white, which renders the interrupted spiral bands of brown quite contrasted. The sculpture is also a little finer than in the other subspecies. In size it agrees with CU. (C.) irradians camaronense. 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOu. 85 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367757, comes from Potrero Fumero, Vieja Bermeja. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.0 mm; greater diameter, 10.8 mm; lesser diameter, 7.4 mm. GUTIERREZIUM, new subgenus Shell turbinate. Nuclear whorls, 1.8, well rounded, microscopic- ally granulose. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by slender axial ribs and spiral threads, which vary in strength from that equal to the axial ribs to almost obsolete in differ- ent species. The junctions of the axial and spiral sculpture form pronounced tubercles. On the last whorl the sculpture usually be- comes almost obsolete. Periphery strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the fine axial riblets and spiral threads a little stronger than those on the spire of the last turn. These form cords in the rather widely open um- bilicus. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome double, the outer very broadly expanded excepting on the parietal wall where it is nar- rower; the inner slightly projecting and reflected partly over the outer. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral with subcentral nu- cleus. Type: Chondropoma (Gutierrezium) bairense, new species. This subgenus is closely allied to Chondropomella Bartsch of Santo Domingo, which is typified by Chondropoma (Chondropo- mella) magnifica (Sallé) Pfeiffer. Here, however, we have the spiral sculpture extending upon the whorls between the periphery and summit of the turns, which is not the case in Chondropomella. In some of the species this sculpture is quite reduced and requires to be looked for sharply not to be overlooked. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS GUTIERREZIUM Suture channeled. Spiral sculpture strone 2) 5 = Se see ee ee ees bairense Spirals Culp eur ey fee fy eek ae te eee ee canaliculatum Suture not channeled. Axial ribs closely spaced. Outer peristome very broadly expanded____--__----_______ montanum Outer peristome only moderately expanded__-___--_________ guisaense mxtal TiS GIstantly Spacedas 4A Se ee eee gutierrezi CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) BAIRENSE, new species PLATE 38, FIGURE 2 Shell broadly ovate, turbinate; the early whorls chestnut-brown, the succeeding turns flesh-color, marked by almost conspicuous inter- rupted spiral bands of brown, of which four are present on the spire and four on the base. They also mark the outer peristome and the CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 391 inside of the outer lip. Nuclear whorls decollated; postnuclear whorls very strongly inflated and very strongly rounded, marked by closely spaced, retractively slanting axial riblets and spiral threads of about the same strength. Both of these are much stronger on the early whorls than on the last. The combination of these two elements gives a fenestrated pattern to the sculpture. The axial riblets render the summit of the turns feebly denticulated. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery decidedly inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded and marked on the posterior half like the spire, while anteriorly it bears a number of strong spiral cords. Umbilicus very broad, its wall marked with slender spiral threads which become a little stronger toward the outer margin. Aperture broadly oval; peristome double, the outer flaringly expanded, forming a very con- spicuous auricle at the posterior angle a little narrower on the parietal wall. Inner peristome also expanded and reflected over the outer, which it almost half covers. Operculum thin, corneous, paucl- spiral with subcentral nucleus, the outside covered with a thin layer of calcareous granules. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367817, was collected by Dr. de la Torre near Baire. It has 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.2 mm; greater diameter, 13.2 mm; lesser diameter, 10.4 mm. This, the type of the subgenus Gutierrezium, is easily differentiated from all the other forms of this subgenus by its strong spiral sculpture. CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) CANALICULATUM, new species PLATE 38, FIGURE 5 Shell very broadly ovate, the early whorls chestnut-brown, the suc- ceeding turns yellowish flesh-color, the last one flesh-color, marked with interrupted spiral bands of chestnut-brown, which are arranged also in axial series. Four of these bands occur on the spire and three on the base. These are very conspicuous on the outer and basal lip, as well as on the outer peristome. Nuclear whorls 1.8, strongly rounded, marked with miscroscopic granulations only. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by decidedly retractively slanting axial riblets, which serrulate the margin of the channeled suture. These riblets are a little more distantly spaced on the early turns than on the last. In addition to this, the whorls are marked by feeble spiral threads, too feeble to more than merely render the axial riblets vertebrated at their junction. Suture strongly constricted ; periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, very openly umbilicate, and marked like the spire but with the spiral lirations a little stronger. The umbilical wall, however, 1s marked by very strong spiral threads. Aperture broadly ovate, decidedly auriculated at the posterior angle. Peristome double, the 392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 outer broadly expanded, not all in one plane, and somewhat flexuose, decidedly auriculated at the posterior angle and slightly inbent at the umbilicus, a little narrower on the parietal wall than on the rest of the shell. Inner peristome slightly exserted and reflected over the outer. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, the nucleus halfway between margin and subcentral covered with a thin deposit of cal- careous granules on the outside. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 168902, an almost complete specimen, has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 16.0 mm; greater diam- eter, 12.3 mm; lesser diameter, 8.9 mm. It was collected by Dr. Vaughan at Los Negros, Oriente Province. This species is readily distinguished from the other members of the genus by its decidedly channeled suture. CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) MONTANUM, new species PLATE 37, FIGURE 2 Shell broadly ovate, pale buff, marked by interrupted spiral bands of brown, of which three occur on the whorls of the spire and three cen the base. These bands become conspicuous on the last portion of the last whorl and lend to the inside of the outer lip and the expanded peristome a very strongly banded aspect. Here an inter- calated zone appears between the first basal and second, making seven bands on the peristome. The elements composing the inter- rupted spiral bands are arranged in both axial and spiral series. Nuclear whorls 2.1, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly inflated, well rounded, marked by slender, decidedly retractively slant- ing, axial riblets, which are a little more widely spaced on the first two turns than on those succeeding. On the last whorl they are considerably reduced. The spiral sculpture consists of the merest suggestion of obsolete threads. Suture very strongly constricted with the merest indication of channeling immediately behind the aperture. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, inflated, open umbilicated. and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and indications of spiral threads. Within the umbilicus, however, stronger definite spiral threads are present. Aperture broadly oval, almost subcireular, decidedly auriculated at the posterior angle. Peristome double, the outer very broadly expanded and reflected, narrower on the parietal wall than on the rest, marked by slender concentric laminae. The inner slightly exserted and reflected over the outer. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral with subcentral nucleus, the outside covered with fine calcareous granules. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367815, is a complete specimen, having 6.5 whorls and measuring: Length, 16.0 mm; greater diameter, 10.4 mm; CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 393 lesser diameter, 8.0 mm. It comes from Altos de los Negros, Sierra Maestra, Oriente Province. This species resembles C. (G.) guisaense in its general shape and sculpture but is at once distinguished by its very broadly expanded outer peristome. CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) GUISAENSE, new species PLatTHe 88, Ficure 1 Shell very broadly ovate, flesh-colored, with interrupted bands of brown; the elements composing these are arranged in both axial and spiral series. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by slender, somewhat retractively slanting axial riblets, which are more distantly spaced on the early whorls than on the last. On this they form serrulations at the summit. The spiral sculp- ture consists of the merest indications of basal threads. Suture strongly impressed, slightly channeled for one-third of a turn behind the aperture. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded and marked like the spire. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets. The broadly open umbilicus shows fairly strong spiral cords on the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly ovate, slightly auriculated at the posterior angle; peristome double, the outer moderately broadly expanded; the inner also ex- panded a little more than half as wide as the outer and reflected over and appressed to it, projecting but slightly above it. Peristome a little narrower on the parietal wall than on the rest of the aperture, separated in the unique type from the preceding whorl. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367816, was collected by Dr. de la Torre at the hill nearest to Guisa, southeast of Bayamo. It has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 12.5 mm; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm. This species in type of sculpture resembles C. (G@.) montanum but is at once distinguished from this by its much narrower outer peristome. CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) GUTIERREZI (Gundlach) Shell ovoid-conic, flesh-color or pale horn-color, with interrupted lines of brown arranged so as to form both axial and spiral series. Nuclear whorls 1.8, well rounded, minutely granulose. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, with a short channel in the suture immediately behind the summit on the last turn. The whorls are marked by rather strong sublamellar, narrow, somewhat sinuous, irregularly developed, and irregularly 394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VyOL. 85 distributed axial riblets, which extend prominently to the summit where they become somewhat expanded and occasionally somewhat thickened. These riblets extend prominently over the inflated and well-rounded periphery to the base. The spiral sculpture consists of obsolete indications of threads, which render the axial ribs slightly vertebrated. Base short, inflated, strongly rounded, broadly openly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, which ex- tend undiminished into the umbilicus, and obsolete indications of spiral threads like those of the spire. The umbilical wall is marked by strong spiral cords, which diminish in strength from the outside inward. Aperture pear-shaped. Posterior angle obtuse. Peristome decidedly expanded and obliquely reflected, not flattened; the outer lip is marked by dark spiral zones alternating with a broader white band; the parietal wall of the peristome is less broadly expanded than the rest. Operculum paucispiral with excentric nucleus, the last whorl with a thin calcareous granular deposit. We are recognizing two subspecies. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) GUTIERREZI Pecollated-shellkmore* than wd 7 mmacte. = es ie ee ee gutierrezi Decollated: shell less thane V5 ara eed te et negrosense CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) GUTIERREZI GUTIERREZI (Gundlach) Pfeiffer PLATE 38, FIGURE 4 1856. Cyclostoma gutierrezi (GUNDLACH) Porgy, Memorias sobre historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 2, p. 4, nomen nudum. 1858. Cyclostoma gutierrezi (GUNDLACH) PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blitter, vol. 5, p. 46. This race, which comes from the environs of Guisa, is distinguished from (. (@.) gutierrezi negrosense in being much larger and of paler coloration. A specimen from the type locality, U.S.N.M. no. 104507, collected by Gundlach, has 4.1 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.0 mm; greater diameter, 13.7 mm; lesser diameter, 10.0 mm. CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) GUTIERREZI NEGROSENSE, new subspecies PLATE 38, FIGURE 3 This race was collected by Dr. de la Torre at Los Negros southeast of Baire. It is much smaller and darker colored than the typical @. (G.) gutierrezt gutierrezi. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367829, has 3.8 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.2 mm; greater diameter, 10.5 mm; lesser diam- eter, 8.0 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 395 Genus CHONDROTHYRIUM Henderson and Bartsch 1920. Chondrothyrium HENDERSON and BarrscH, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 63. Shell of ovate-conic form, marked by axial and spiral threads; breathing pore present in the parietal wall, connected with the outer edge of the peristome by a slit. Operculum typically chrondropo- moid. Type: Cyclostoma violaceum Pfeiffer. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GENUS CHONDROTHYRIUM Outer lip of outer peristome crenulated______---______-_-—__- __-___ crenimargo Outer lip of outer peristome not crenulated___-_-----_------------- violaceum CHONDROTHYRIUM CRENIMARGO (Pfeiffer) PLATE 28, FIGURE 16 1858. Cyclostoma crenimargo PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Bliitter, vol. 5, p. 192. Decollated shell elongate-ovate, flesh-color, with five interrupted narrow spiral lines of brown. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnu- clear whorls well rounded, almost appressed at the summit, marked by slender, sublamellose, wavy, retractively slanting axial riblets, which are a little more distantly spaced on the first of the remaining turns than on those that follow. These riblets extend prominently to the summit, which they render slightly crenulated. In addition to the axial riblets, the whorls are marked by spiral threads, of which 5 occur on the first of the remaining turns, 10 upon the second, and 13 upon the last between the summit and the suture. The inter- sections of the axial riblets and the spiral threads form slender oval nodules, the long axis of which coincides with the axial sculpture. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery well rounded, slightly in- flated. Base short, somewhat inflated and rounded, narrowly openly umbilicated, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets, which extend into the umbilicus and also by the continuation of a similar type of spiral sculpture as that found on the spire. This grows a little stronger toward the umbilicus but again weakens within the umbilicus. There are eight of these spiral cords between the periph- ery and the outer termination of the umbilicus, then four equally strong between the outer termination of the umbilicus, and the inner straight side of the umbilicus, and about nine on the umbilical wall which are much weaker. On the base, too, we find seven lines of brownish dots coinciding with the spiral sculpture. Aperture oval, posterior angle obtuse; peristome double, the inner thickened and somewhat reflected, and decidedly projecting above the outer on the outer lip; the outer much broader and rendered decidedly wavy 396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL. 85 from the posterior angle to the termination of the outer lip, mostly so immediately anterior to the posterior angle. This waviness gives the edge, when looked upon vertically, a crenated appearance which evidently prompted Pfeiffer’s name crenimargo. The basal, inner, and parietal margin of the outer peristome is composed of a series of slender fused laminae whose outer limits are indicated by a mere line; the outer peristome of the inner lip is broader than the rest and is reflected over the umbilicus which, when looked upon squarely, it almost covers; the outer peristome of the parietal lip is appressed to the preceding turn with which it is fused; the breathing pore is on the parietal wall near the posterior angle of the aperture, and here the parietal wall is partly slit; operculum paucispiral with the nucleus a little more marginal than subcentral; the outside is covered with a minutely granulose coat. All our specimens come from the type locality, Boca de Guarabo, between Cienfuegos and Trinidad, Santa Clara Province. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 355039 has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 13.7 mm; greater diameter, 7.5 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM (Pfeiffer) Shell rather variable in size and shape, the latter ranging from elongate-conic to broadly ovate. The color ranges from flesh-color through pale orange to purplish brown. The shell may be unicolor or have interrupted bands of brown. The dots comprising these bands are also arranged in axial series. Nuclear whorls 2.3, rather ele- vated, well rounded, smooth, with the suture of the first turn chest- nut-brown. The last part of the last whorl shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, almost appressed at the summit, marked by numerous slender, sublamellar, somewhat retractively slanting, axial riblets and slender spiral threads the junctions of which form slender tubercles. The spiral threads aiso render the axial riblets somewhat wavy and give to them, when examined in profile, a somewhat scalloped appearance. Suture con- stricted. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and spiral cords, the latter increasing in strength on the anterior half, but weakening again within the umbilicus which is moderately large and open. Aperture broadly oval, in some of the races almost subcircu- lar; peristome double, white, the inner slightly thickened, expanded and slightly reflected, and projecting above the outer peristome, which is expanded to a varying degree in the different races on the outer, basal and parietal lip, and more broadly so on the columellar side; the outer peristome is usually not flat but somewhat wavy. The CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 397 last whorl varies from solute to adnate. There is a breathing pore close to the posterior angle of the aperture on the parietal wall im- mediately behind the edge of the peristome, which is connected with the free edge of the peristome by a slit. Operculum thin, corneous, paucispiral, with a rather heavy deposit of calcareous granules on the outside. This species is at present known from the south coast of Santa Clara Province, where it breaks up into a series of races on the var- ious limestone blocks. The animals of three of the subspecies were described by Bartsch as follows: Chondrothyrium violaceum violaceum Taken from a stone fence at La Pastora, 4 kilometers northwest of Trinidad. Top of head buff, finely dotted with white; area about tentacles pale pink; tentacles coral red tipped with blue black; sides of body pale bluish smoky gray; sole of foot deeply cleft, a little paler than the sides of body. Chondrothyrium violaceum vigiaense Taken at La Vigia near Trinidad. Top of head pale brown with a decided rosy flush; tentacles coral- red tipped with dusky brown; area about the base of tentacles a little paler than general ground color; snout pale buff at tip; sides smoke gray marked by numerous papillae, which are marked by many fine white dots; sole of foot a little paler than sides of body, deeply cleft. Chondrothyrium violaceum letcranense Specimens taken at San Juan de Leteran. Top of head buff with rosy fiush; snout and sides of body with olivaceous ground color upon which numerous papillae, each marked with many white dots, are disposed; tentacles varying in different individuals from dark orange to carmine red, paler at base and dusky at tip, the latter very slightly expanded; sole of foot smoke gray. In moving, the animal may carry its shell steadily or it may move it by lateral jerks. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM Interrupted spiral bands of brown very strong. Truncated shell) clongate-ovate- =. 2) 22 eS ee montanei Truncated shell ovate. Axial riblets very fine and closely spaced_---_--_--_--_--__-_ mortei Axial riblets not very fine and more widely spaced____--__-_ vigiaense 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 85 Interrupted spiral bands of brown not strong. Interrupted spiral bands of brown of medium strength. Tubercles' on lastawhorle very strongi2] 22S clerchi Tubercles on last whorl only moderately strong. Tubercles of penultimate whorl very strong. Decollated shell: more than 17 mm_—2=2322252="2= leteranense Decollated shell less than 14 mm__--_____--_____ fomentense Tubercles of penultimate whorl not very strong. Decollated shell elongate-ovate. Decollated shell more than 18 mm____________ violaceum Decollated, shell less: Than 154mm=2 ses. tenue Decollated shell ovate. Spacing of axial ribs very regular_--__-_-_______ manatiense Spacing of axial ribs not very regular________ sopimpense Interrupted spiral bands of brown feeble. Tbercles: rather«C0aTse ==. 2 ee eee rocai ‘Tubereles: not, .cOarse ss = sss Se ee eee maguasense Interrupted spiral bands of brown not feeble. Interrupted spiral bands of brown obsolete or absent. Decollated shell elongate-ovate. Decolated shell more than 20 mm long__---_----- banaoense Decollated shell less than 15 mm long ---------_-~-_- ignotum Decollated shell not elongate-ovate. Decolated shell ovate. Open umbilicus narrow. Length of decollated shell more than 20 mm_ gonzalesi Length of decollated shell less than 17 mm. Seulpiurenvery fine: 22 3 2t en ee atkinsi Sculpture dess Mines 222) ae ae serranum Open umbilicus very wide. SCul pure. Tough. = eee ee doloresi Sculpture: fine-2. 222 = ee ee ee saugeti CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM GONZALESI, new subspecies PLATE 28, F1iGuRE 17 This race, which is probably the largest of the species, we have from Jagua Cienfuegos. The interrupted spiral bands are absent and the umbilicus is narrow; outer lip broadly expanded. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367820, has 4.2 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 20.6 mm; greater diameter, 13.7 mm; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM SERRANUM, new subspecies PLATE 28, FiguRE 14 This race comes from Naranga Dulce, La Sierra, southeast of Cienfuegos. It resembles C. v. atkins? in the absence of interrupted spiral bands but has finer tuberculation and is smaller. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 399 The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367833, has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 14.1 mm; greater diameter, 10.1 mm; lesser diameter, 8.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM ViOQLACEUM ATKINSI, new subspecies PLATE 28, Figure 15 This race comes from Soledad. It is a pale race of rather broadly ovate outline with comparatively narrow umbilicus, lacking the inter- rupted spiral bands. It is nearest to C. v. serranum, from which it can be readily distinguished by its more inflated whorls and finer tuberculation. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355048, has 4.3 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 19.4 mm; greater diameter, 11.8 mm; lesser diameter, 9.2 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM DOLORESI, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 3 This race comes from between Guabairo and Dolores. It is of broadly ovate outline with widely open umbilicus, lacking the inter- rupted spiral bands of brown. It resembles C. violaceum saugeti but differs from this in having the shell heavier and the sculpture much coarser. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 867826, has 3.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 12.0 mm; greater diameter, 10.4 mm; lesser diameter, 7.6 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM VIOLACEUM (Pfeiffer) PLATE 28, FIGURE 19 1851. Cyclostoma violaceum PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, pp. 245-246. In this, the typical race, which we recognize in specimens from Trinidad and La Pastora, the shell is elongate-ovate, of yellowish buff color, with moderately strong interrupted spiral bands of brown. Here the tubercles on the penultimate whorl are not strong but cor- respond to those of the preceding turns. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 104493, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 20.0 mm; greater diameter, 12.1 mm; lesser diameter, 9.7 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM MORTEI, new species PLATE 28, FIGuRE 4 This race, which was collected by Dr. de la Torre, comes from Nazimiento del Rio Caballero, near Trinidad. It has the whorls a 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 85 little more inflated than @. violacewm vigiaense and the axial and spiral sculpture finer, more numerous and closer spaced. The dark spiral bands are also a little lighter. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367828, has a little more than three whorls remaining, and measures: Length, 17.0 mm; greater diameter, 11.7 mm; lesser diameter, 9.7 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM VIGIAENSE, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 1 This race comes from La Vigia near Trinidad. The truncated shell is of ovate outline and the coloration is very dark, tending to purplish on the last turn. The elements composing the broad interrupted spiral bands are arranged in axial series. The tips of the tubercles are white and stand out markedly against the dark back- ground. The outer lip is also decidedly expanded on all sides. For comparison with C. violaceum montanet, see the diagnosis of that subspecies. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 493282, has a little more than four whorls remaining and measures: Length, 18.8 mm; greater diameter, 12.5 mm; lesser diameter, 10.1 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM LETERANENSE, new species PLATE 28, FIGURE 2 This race comes from San Juan de Leteran. Here the shell is elongate-conic and the tubercles on both the last and penultimate whorls are decidedly strong, in which respect it resembles C. viola- ceum fomentense, from which its larger size and more elongate form will readily distinguish it. The ground color is buff, and the inter- rupted spiral bands of brown are only of medium strength. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367832, has 5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 17.8 mm; greater diameter, 11.4 mm; lesser diameter, 8.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM MAGUASENSE, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 7 This race comes from the Magua Valley of Trinidad. It is a small pale race with feeble interrupted spiral bands of brown, in which respect it resembles (. violaceum rocai, from which it differs by its much finer tubercles and less inflated whorls. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367824, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 11.3 mm; greater diameter, 7.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.2 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 401 CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM MANATIENSE, new subspecies PLaTE 28, FicurRE 12 This race comes from Loma del Marin, Rio Manati, Trinidad. It is a small race with the whorls decidedly inflated, of buff color, with the interrupted spiral bands of brown weakly developed but having their elements also in axial series. It resembles most closely C. violaceum sopimpense, from which it can be distinguished by its more inflated whorls and more regularly distributed axial ribs. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367821, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 14.6 mm; greater diameter, 9.5 mm; lesser diameter, 6.9 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM SOPIMPENSE, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 11 This race comes from Sopimpa, which is on the railway between Fomento and Trinidad. Here the shell is also buff color, with a purplish flush. The interrupted spiral bands are moderately strong, the whorls are inflated, and the axial ribs are rather irregular in distri- bution, as well as in strength, a character that will readily distinguish it from C. violaceum manatiense. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355046, has 4.2 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 13.7 mm; greater diameter, 9.8 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM FOMENTENSE, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 8 This small race comes from Fomento, northeast of Trinidad. Here the early whorls are decidedly darker than the last. The sculpture on the penultimate whorl is very heavy, in which respect it resembles C. violaceum leteranense, from which, however, it can readily be dis- tinguished by its small size. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367822, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 13.5 mm; greater diameter, 8.8 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM CLERCHI, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 13 This subspecies was collected by Clerch at Quemado Feo. It is a small ovate race of flesh-colored ground color, with the interrupted spiral bands of brown only of medium strength. The axial riblets 66879—38——14 402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 are rather distantly spaced, and the tubercles of the last whorl con- sequently have a decidedly strong aspect. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367827, has a little more than 4 whorls remaining and measures: Length, 15.6 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; lesser diameter, 8.4 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM MONTANEI, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 20 This race was collected by Hermanos Leon and Roca at Rosa de Gavilanes in the Sierra de Cabillete. It is a large race of elongate- ovate outline, of yellowish buff ground color, with slender, well- marked, interrupted spiral bands of brown whose elements are also arranged in axial series. In the strength of the color marking this race approximates C’. violaceum vigiaense but is readily distin- guished from this by its much more elongate form and much paler coloration. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367823, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 20.8 mm; greater diameter, 12.9 mm; lesser diameter, 10.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM ROCAI, new subspecies PLATE 28, FIGURE 5 This race comes from the valley of the Rio Caracusey, Sancti Spiritus. It is a small race of ovate outline, having the interrupted spiral bands of brown very feeble, in which it agrees with C. viola- ceum maguasense, from which, however, its much more inflated whorls and coarser tubercles will readily distinguish it. The coloration is dark and the outer lip very strong. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367830, has 4.1 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 11.7 mm; greater diameter, 8.2 mm; lesser diameter, 6.5 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM BANAOENSE, new subspecies PLATE 28, Figure 18 This large race comes from Banao southwest of Sancti Spiritus. It has fine axial riblets of elongate-ovate outline, with the interior brown and the lip white. It resembles C. violacewm ignotum but is at once distinguished from it by its large size and darker interior coloration. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367831, has 5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 20.1 mm; greater diameter, 14.1 mm; lesser diameter, 10.7 mm. CUBAN SUBFAMILY CHONDROPOMINAE—TORRE AND BARTSCH 4()3 CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM TENUE, new subspecies PLate 28, Fiagure 9 This small race comes from Loma de Banao. Its shell is elongate- ovate, the early whorls being a little darker than the rest. Inter- rupted spiral bands only moderately strong. The sculpture of the penultimate whorl is no stronger than that of the preceding turn. The outer lip is also only moderately expanded. It differs from C. violaceum violaceum in being much smaller. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 355050, has 4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 14.7 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM IGNOTUM, new subspecies PLATE 28, Figure 10 With this race we have no definite locality. The shell is pale yel- lowish white, elongate-ovate, and the interrupted spiral bands are absent. It suggests C. violaceum banaoense but is very small in comparison. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 315184, has 3.3 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 13.7 mm; greater diameter, 9.2; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. CHONDROTHYRIUM VIOLACEUM SAUGETI, new subspecies PLATE 28, Ficure 6 This race comes from San José northeast of Sancte Spiritus. It is a thin-shelled, broadly ovate race, with very fine sculpture and with the outer lip poorly developed. It resembles most closely Q. violaceum doloresi, from which its more ovate shell and finer sculpture will readily distinguish it. The type, U.S.N.M. no. 367834, has 3.8 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Length, 12.2 mm; greater diameter, 9.8 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm, © Oak seal nal Saisahenth ait e Sl tote nit TO: srt toe gel cs pre ‘eenmebout, ts abe SPE tt? fmuoctiey as Te filth Higa sagtioils nip eld (cyt. eteaih ad . a bahay Ae Aine ele! at = ial tein, “ab yuen, styiikh: J 0persk owt Pid, (Aen or et th Sain LESS Feave ok ist ts, OF assur Mage TS, net enki ars’ wasnt Ls mt Lr ; Ye ee pe a et, 4 i" cae he ha i Pie rica ahha Othe RT HD Mi ane revexr tna fer ‘ ie OR araiet 2S apy uae Phe C hu iid nea a it : / iyi . fit pate mi ™ “nae Ns Mies sari UTPollantiy a: 3: Pepe Rina % Play NaN a Wi Henan th : eam iy a SG ee (1; yi ” bent’ ‘ ‘ nicks ed ane a oe i es i rill W400 PRET AS AA ON ato an Te ci somebaiie. iD UM . Sl Le oer LEO Ean eS RET hy Mea leet sie Tot! ied, ee ce ter Shier imate nee ay een Mees ae pa os soRvannet ehibney “ihe Atel, Gata Dads abe Nene aap akibag icon ANON an lating wii isi 4 iter Sata dali! Cures ie ane ' ‘ 7 7 he ee 1 ae ras UP VON ET AE 4 amerem ENA FPL LSos LEPTLET ORS Tag eyo) oa ‘yy Ext? Maat pittere. BA ena taeda teh vie ine’ i U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 7 SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) VIGNALENSE (X2) 1, azucarense; 2, piadae; 3, poenitentis; 4, caponense; 5, martillense; 6, azucarellum; 7, celadense; 8, vignalense; 9, puertecitense; 10, bruneocinctum; 11, clappi. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 8 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) (X2) 1, latilabre; 2, vignalense lucifer; 3, torrei gratiosum; 4, v. fogonense; 5, v. palmaritense; 6, t. flammilabre: 7, v. infernale; 8, v. jarucense; 9, t. antonitense; 10, v. ignicolor; 11, v. venerabile. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 9 SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROPOMETES) TORREI (X2) 2 1, pallidulum; 2, rinconadense; 3, collumelare: 4, cingulatum; 5, jaguaense; 6, flavidum; 7, minaense: &, torreéi. ) f ( ; U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 10 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENERA CHONDROPOMETES AND CHONDRO- THYROMA (X2) 1, (Chondropometes) torrei affine; 2, (C.) t. alveare; 3, (Chondrothyroma) eximium malleatum; 4, (C.) e. eximium; 5, (C.) e. angusticulum; 6, (Chondropometes) torrei luteilabre; 7, (C.) t. antoniense; 8, (C.) t. iosaturatum. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 11 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHYROMA) (X2) 1, sagebieni sagebieni; 2, ¢. disjunctum; 3, s. mendozense; 4, concolor fontei; 5, s. parvum; 6, ¢. concolor; 7, ¢. carnicolor; 8, c. magister; 9, c. spe; 10, bellissimum; 11, exquisitum notatum; 12, s. portalesense; 13, €. cerewm; 14, €. exquisitum; 15, e. pwnctolineatum. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 12 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMETES (CHONDROTHY ROMA) (X2) 1, segregatum vallei; 2, se. felipense; 3, se, lagunitasense; 4, se. segregatum; 5, se. sporadicum; 6, se. laureani; 7, ee” SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) (X4) 1, ercisa; 2, perturbata; 3, 4, pudica; 5, cuzcoensis caroli; 6, c. cuzcoensis. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 25 SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) ASSIMILIS (X4) 1, assimilis; 2, maceoi; 3, gemma; 4, guirensis; 5, abronensis; 6, cisnerosi; 7, signata. = U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 26 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (CHONDROTHYRELLA) (X4) 1, petricosa anafensis,; 2, p. petricosa; 3, p. elisabethae: 1, ottonis richondensis; 5, 0. ottonis. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 27 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRELLA (PLICATHYRELLA) (XA) 1, tenebrosa subtenebrosa; 2, claudicans culminis; 3, t tenebrosa; 4, c. claudicans; 5, t. caimitensis. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 28 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROTHYRIUM (X2) 1, violaceum viginense; 2, v. leteranense: 3, v. doloresi; 4, v. mortei: 5 . , v. rocai; 6, UV. saugeti; 7, v. maguasense; 8 »v. Jomentense; 9, v. tenue; 10 , v. ignotum; 11, v. sopimpense; 12, v. manatiense; 13, v. cle rchi; 14, v. serranum; 15, v. atkinsi; 16, crenimargo; 17, v. gonzalesi: 18 v. banaoense :19, v. violaceum;: 20, v. montane. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 29 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) (X2) 1, pictum mahogani; 2, p. pictum; 3, p. mochense; 4, Pp. anafense: 5, p. sagra; 6, p. yumeriense; 7, yucayum,; 8, p. varaderense; 9, p. celsum; 10, p. gouluianum; 11, p. ara ngoi. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 30 4 4 . e« * * * ae © : —_* ; ome © e ee € ‘ + ¥ e oe gee ¢ . - % v5 ‘ “A SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) (X2) 1, pseifferianum camoense; 2, pf. pfeifferianum: 3, pf. ganuzaense; 4, cognatum: 5, poeyanum jibacoense; 6, po. oeyanum,; 7, po. occidentale; 8, lembeyi; 9, cabrerai: 10, leoni; 11, jaulense; 12, perlatum; 13, vespertinum J caballosense; 14, v. vespertinum: 15, v. colombe nse; 16, v. bibijaguense. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 31 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) (X2) 1, marginalbum guantanamense; 2, m. marginalbum; 3, m. subguantanamense; 4, nicolasi brittoni; 5, n. johnsoni; 6, n. nicolasi; 7, wilcori; 8, moestum moralesi; 9 .garcianum; 10, antonense; 11, moestum decurrens; 12, m moestum, U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 32 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMA) (X2) 1, carenasense corrientesense; 2, c. carenasense; 3, c. toroense: 4, oxytremum, 5, c. guaraboense; 6, c. rosariense; cantillense; 8, obesum hershei; 9, 0. subobesum; 10,0. palmasolense; 11, 0. obesum. yc U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 33 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) (X4) 1, delatreanum bonacheum; 2, d. santafeum; 3, d. delatreanum; 4, revinctum revinctum; 5, canescens alleni; 6, r. biserranum; 7, c. perplexrum; 8, c. canescens; 9, C. nipense. U.S, NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 34 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMORUS) (X4) 1, auberianum auberianum: 2, a. mayense; 3, cisnerosi (=auberianum); 4, dilatatum pilotense; 5, neglectum; 6, d. bayatense; 7, d. toroense; 8. d. subdilatatum: 9, d. dilatatum. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 35 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (X4) 1, (Chondropoma) edouardi edouardi; 2, (C.) laetum; 3, (C.) ed. asperulum; 4, (Chondropomodes) ernesti ernesti; 5. (C.) santaluciense: 6, (C.) er. clenchi; 7, (Chondropoma) appendiculatum appendiculatum; 8, (C.) a. sub- ‘ , appendiculatum; 9, (Chondropomisca) aguayoi. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 36 SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMARTES) IRRADIANS (X4) 1, candicans; 2, camaronense :3, figuroense; 4, panense; 5, palenquense. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 37 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (X4) 1, (Chondropomartes) irradians irradians; 2, (Gutierrezium) montanum, 3, | C.) portuandoi; 4, (C.) presasianum presasianum; 5, (C.) p. canasiense. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 38 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (GUTIERREZIUM) (X4) 1, guisaense; 2, bairense; 3, gutierrezi negrosense: 4, g. gutierrezi; 5, canaliculatum. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 85 PLATE 39 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHONDROPOMA (CHONDROPOMISCA) (X4) 1, unilabiatum rubrum; 2, rufopictum; 3, u. unilabiatum; 4, u. dunkeri; 5, solidulum tanamense; 6, s. vitaenseé: E 7, u. obsoletum,; 8, greenfieldi; 9, 8. solidulum; 10, revocatum. PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 85 Washington: 1939 No. 3040 ON SOME SPECIES OF CHINESE EARTHWORMS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SPECIMENS COLLECTED IN SZECHWAN BY DR. D. C. GRAHAM By G. E. Gates Stnce 1921 Dr. David C. Graham, of the West China Mission of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, has been collecting much natural-history material in the vicinity of his station at Suifu, Province of Szechwan, western China, as well as in the course of his travels through that Province. At the request of Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, of the United States National Museum, I undertook the study of Dr. Graham’s earthworms and began work in 1926. At that time little was known of the earthworms of China and nothing at all of the oligochaete fauna of the interior Province of Szechwan. Most of the known Chinese species had been characterized so inade- quately that it was considered advisable to postpone publication until the types could be examined. Early in 1931, while I was on fur- lough from my duties at Judson College, Rangoon, the opportunity first came for me to study material in European museums, but cur- rency fluctuations following American abandonment of the gold standard necessitated my abrupt departure from Europe before the work was completed. Before leaving, however, I studied the types or representative portions of type series of all species discussed herein except Drawida japonica (Michaelsen), Pheretima hupeiensis (Mich- aelsen), and P. astatica (Michaelsen). The original manuscript of this paper was completed in 1934, but as it was then impossible to publish it in full a preliminary report 82345—39——1 405 406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 on the new species was published (Gates, 1935). The paper is now brought to date to the end of 1936. I wish to express my heartiest thanks to Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt for assistance on so many occasions as well as for the opportunity of examining Dr. Graham’s material; to Dr. Max Thiel and Dr. Wil- helm Michaelsen, of the Hamburg Museum, and Dr. C. C. A. Monro, of the British Museum, for the courtesies of their institutions and for personal assistance given many times; to the Metropolitan Museum of China for forwarding specimens for examination; to Y. Chen for the opportunity of examining some of his specimens; and to the authorities of the Biological Institute of Harvard University and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., for accommoda- tions provided while I was engaged in the final preparation of the manuscript. Family MONILIGASTRIDAE Genus DESMOGASTER Rosa DESMOGASTER SINENSIS Gates 1930. Desmogaster sinensis GATES, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 6, p. 590 (type locality : Soochow; type in author’s collection). 1933. Desmogaster sinensis CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 9, p. 180. Material ecamined.—F rom the U. 8. National Museum: 3 aclitellate specimens labeled “Desmogaster sinensis Gates; Soochow, China; identified by Y. Chen.” Remarks.—These specimens are much smaller than the type. No setae are visible on any of the worms. The spermathecal tubercles are more like anteroposteriorly flattened flaps than on the type. The largest specimen was opened. ‘The gizzards are three, in xiv-xvi. The nephridium of one side of xiii passes at its dorsal end into the ovisac, which otherwise is empty. Genus DRAWIDA Michaelsen DRAWIDA GISTI Michaelsen 1931. Drawida gisti MIcHAELSEN, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, pt. 3, pp. 1, 8 (type locality: Tsinan, Shantung; types in Hamburg and Peiping Museums) ; Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), vol. 61, p. 525. 1935. Drawida gisti GATES, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 2. Material ecamined.—F rom the Hamburg Museum: 2 clitellate speci- mens labeled “D. gisti.” External characteristics—The setae begin on ii and are closely paired; aa slightly less than be. CHINESE EARTHWORMS-—GATES 407 The nephridiopores of viii-xiii may or may not be displaced rather markedly dorsal to d. The clitellar coloration (pinkish) extends across segments x—xiv and onto the posterior portion of ix. The spermathecal pores are transverse slits on 7/8 Just median to ¢@, the anterior margin of the pore swollen so that the pore appears to be slightly behind 7/8. The female pores are minute, dark, grayish spots in slight, transverse, slitlike depressions on the anterior margin of xii, the slits in ad. The apertures of the penial chambers are on 10/11 in be, slightly nearer to 6 than to c. The true male pore is much smaller and at the ventral end of a penis, which may be completely withdrawn into the penial chamber (invisible from the exterior) or slightly protuberant through the chamber aperture. On one specimen there is a pair of small presetal genital markings on x. Each of these markings is circular in outline, slight!y elevated, about equal in width to interval ab, the median margin of the marking about in line 6. The margin of the marking is opaque, the center of the marking of a grayish translucence. The clitellar coloration is lacking on a ventral region that includes the genital markings and extends across the anterior portion of x and the posterior portion of ix. On the second specimen a rather vague protuberance somewhat resembling the genital markings just described can be seen anteriorly on viii, in ad. The whitened ventral region is lacking on this worm. Internal anatomy.—The gizzards are three, in xli-xiv (2 specimens). There are paired enterosegmental organs in several successive segments, beginning from xvi. There is a band of opaque whitish material on each side of the dorsal blood vessel. The last pair of hearts is in ix. The testis sacs are kidney-shaped, the concave side directed ven- trally; in ix and x, unconstricted by 9/10. The vas deferens is rather short and is twisted into two bunches of loops, the smaller on the anterior face of 9/10, the larger on the posterior face, the total mass of the two bunches of loops very much less than that of the testis sac above. The prostates are 6-7 mm in length. The middle portion is bent into a sort of C-shape and is placed around the penial chamber so that the open side of the C faces mesially. An ental portion is almost straight and pushes through 9/10 (at least in one specimen) into ix. An ectal portion of the prostate is bent under the posterior limb of the C and appears to pass into the lateral face of the penial chamber, close to the parietes. The granulations (external glandular layer) on the prostate extend to this apparent point of entrance into the penial chamber. Removal of a layer of connective tissue from the coelomic face of the chamber reveals a very slender, smooth, and glistening prostatic duct, which passes upward and into the chamber 408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 85 about at the center of the dorsal face. Granulations (external glandu- lar layer) are lacking on this duct portion, which is about one-half as long as the gland, the prostate and duct together being 9-11 mm long. The granulations can be scraped off from the prostate revealing a firm, rather slenderly tubular, glistening, central body, which de- creases very gradually and only very slightly in width passing ectally. The penial chamber projects conspicuously into the coelomic cavity to a height of 114-2 mm, the dorsal surface smooth and regularly convex. The diameter is less than the height. The penis is 1-114 mm long, slightly widened at the base (dorsally). Laterally and dorsally septa 10/11 and 11/12 are attached to the parietes close together. In spite of the fact that both -specimens were opened with considerable care, segment xi was opened by the dorsal incision in each worm. An ovarian chamber of the horse- shoe type is apparently lacking in this species. The ovarian segment is filled with loose ova (2 specimens). The ovisacs are not fully distended by ova and extend only into xiii and xiv or into xiv and xv. The spermathecal ampulla is collapsed and contains only a small quantity of whitish material. The duct is twisted into a number of loops immediately under the ampulla and thence ectally is gradually widened. The duct passes, without definite external demarcation, into a rather digitiform atrium, which is in viii. In the wall of each spermathecal atrium (4 spermathecae) is a single, “urn-shaped” gland. The gland is almost spheroidal, pinkish, hard, rather large, the diameter of the gland greater than the thickness of the atrium. Dorsal to each of the two genital markings of the first specimen is a parietal gland that projects into the coelomic cavity. No gland was found in the parietes of viii of the second specimen. Remarks—Drawida gisti is close to D. hehoensis Stephenson, 1924 (from Burma), from which it is distinguished as follows: Re- striction of gizzards to segments xli-xiv; binding of a stalk portion of the prostate to the lateral face of the penial chamber by connec- tive tissue; greater length of the penis; larger size of the spermathe- cal atria; incomplete closure of the ovarian segment; presence of an “urn-shaped” gland in the wall of each spermathecal atrium; pres- ence of definite genital markings and their associated glands. DRAWIDA GRAHAMI Gates 1935. Drawida grahami Gates, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 3 (type locality: Suifu, Szechwan; types in U. 8S. National Museum). 1936. Drawida grahami CueN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 291 (after examination of types). CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 409 Material examined —From Dr. Graham: 6 aclitellate or partially clitellate specimens and 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Suifu, Sept. 1924.” External characteristics —Length, about 55 mm. Diameter,4mm. The setae begin on ii and are closely paired; aa about equal to or slightly greater than be. The clitellar coloration (reddish) extends over segments x-xill and onto the posterior portion of ix. The spermathecal pores are tiny transverse slits or rounded pits on 7/8, halfway between } and c. The female pores were not identi- fied. The male pores, small apertures in dc, nearer to 6 than to c¢, are on slightly protuberant porophores, which are not, on some speci- mens, clearly delimited. In those specimens on which the preserva- tion of these structures is the best, the male pore is at the ventral tip of the protuberance and in line with intersegmental furrow 10/11, the latter ending blindly on the lateral and median sides of the porophore. The anterior margin of the porophore may be indi- cated by a slight transverse groove, which does not pass into the intersegmental furrow. The posterior margin of the porophore is marked off by a short transverse furrow that passes laterally and mesially into 10/11. The genital markings are transversely oval to circular, convex areas of grayish translucence; the margin sharply delimited by a slight circumferential furrow. The epidermis immediately around each marking may be specially whitened, but a definite rim such as characterizes the markings of D. japonica seems to be lacking. The markings are located on segments vii—xili as follows: 1. Segment viii—middle annulus, both sides, in bc; ix—middle annulus, both sides, in bc; x—middle annulus, left side, in be; xi—middle annulus, both sides, in be. 2. Segment ix—presetal, both sides, about in line with the spermathecal pores ; xi—middle annulus, both sides, in bc; xii—presetal pair in aa; xiii—presetal pair in aa. 3. Segment vii—presetal, both sides, in be and a postsetal median; x—poste- rior annulus, both sides, in be; viii—middle annulus, both sides, in @b; ix— posterior annulus, both sides, in bc; xi—middle annulus, both sides, in be; xiii—presetal, median pair. 4, Segment viii—presetal, left side, in bc; ix—presetal, both sides in bc; xii—middle annulus, both sides, in bc; xiii—presetal, median pair. 5. Segment vii—anterior annulus, both sides, in ab and a posterior median ; viii—anterior annulus, left side, in bc; ix—presetal and median; x—postsetal and median; xi—middle annulus, left side, in be and one presetal median; xiii—one presetal median. 6. Segment vii—postsetal, left side, in be, and one slightly to the right of the midventral line; viii—presetal, right side, in bc; ix—presetal, left side, in bc; 410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 85 x—postsetal, both sides, in ab; xi—presetal pair in aa; xii—presetal, just to left of midventral line; xiii—presetal, both sides, in aa. 7. No genital markings. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-8/9 are thickly muscular; 9/10 thin and displaced posteriorly. The last pair of hearts is in ix. There is a band of opaque material on each side of the dorsal blood vessel. The gizzards are three in xli-xiv (8 specimens). The testis sacs are usually flattened laterally and nearly fill the available space in segments ix and x. The vas deferens is short, rather thick relative to the size of the worm, and passes into the pros- tate mesially without first passing into the parietes. The prostates are flattened disks of circular outline, sessile on the parietes. The cen- tral body is tiny, ovoidal, the more pointed end within the parietes. Segment xi is reduced to a closed-off ovarian chamber of horseshoe shape. The ovisacs are laterally flattened and confined to xii in the clitellate specimen. In other worms the ovisacs are slenderer and also confined to xii, A posteriorly elongated appendix such as char- acterizes D. japonica is lacking. The spermathecal atrium is finger-shaped, erect on the posterior face of 7/8. The spermathecal duct (7-9 mm long) passes into the atrium near the ental end of the latter but runs ventrally in the atrial wall for a Short distance before opening into the atrial lumen. Remarks.—D. grahami is distinguished from D. japonica (Michael- sen, 1892) as follows: Location of the spermathecal pores in mid be rather than in or just median to c; direct entrance of the vas deferens into the prostate (rather than first passing into the parietes) ; pros- tates disk-shaped and sessile on the parietes (rather than erect or vertical and columnar to club-shaped) ; the very small, ovoidal, cen- tral body of the prostate with the pointed end buried in the parietes (rather than the elongate digitiform central body nearly 1 mm in length) ; absence of an elongate rodlike appendix on the ovisacs. One of the types is clitellate, hence fully mature, and presumably would have had ovisac appendages if these structures are normally present in this species. (In contrast, the rodlike appendices of the ovisacs are recognizable even in juvenile specimens of japonica.) The exact mor- phological location of the male pores was not determined, but the pores are in line with 10/11, though the latter is not recognizable across the male porophores. If the male pores are to be placed on 10/11 or the site of 10/11 this will be still another distinction from japonica in which the pores are quite definitely segmental, postsetal on x. Chen (1936, p. 291) maintains that the types of grahami are identi- cal with japonica. Chen’s notes on grahami appear to be a confused composite of observations made on specimens of both grahami and CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES Alt japonica (note that Chen gives the number of gizzards as two or three and compare with statements regarding number of gizzards in gra- hami supra and japonica infra; also compare Chen’s comments on the ovisac appendages with the account given below). Chen failed to notice the characteristics of the prostates, which is indeed “unfortu- nate,” as these organs are of first importance in systematic discrimina- tion in the genus Drawida. DRAWIDA JAPONICA (Michaelsen) 1892. Moniligaster japonicus MICHAELSEN, Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 58, p. 232 (type locality: Japan). 1927. Drawida japonica f. typica MICHAELSEN, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, vol. 21, v. 85 (Yunnan-fu). 1931. Drawida japonicus MICHAELSEN, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 157 (part) (excluding f. siemsseni) ; Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, pt. 3, pp. 1, 7 (part) (excluding f. siemsseni) ; Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), vol. 61, p. 523 (part) (excluding f. siemsseni and in the synonymy D. willsi). 1935. Drawida japonica Gates, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 98, no. 3, p. 3. Material examined—From the Hamburg Museum: 8 specimens labeled “V 1194. Drawida japonicus Mich. f. Typ. Dr. Chen F. Wu ce. Dr. Michaelsen a. Nanking, China.” From Dr. Graham: 2 clitellate specimens labeled “Suifu, Szechwan, 1929”; 2 clitellate specimens la- beled “Near Yueh Shi, 6,000-8,000 feet, August 11, 1928”; 1 specimen with slight clitellar coloration labeled “Near Mupin, July 8, 1929”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Tatsienlu, 8,300 feet, July 16, 1930.” External characteristics —The length varies from 39 to 65 mm, the maximum diameter from 1 to 2 mm. The setae begin on segment 1i and are closely paired; aa about equal to or slightly less than be. The clitellar coloration varies from pink to red and extends over segments x to xiii and onto the posterior portion of ix. The spermathecal apertures are tiny circular pores or short trans- verse slits on 7/8, on or just median to c. The female apertures are minute, grayish spots, each por? at the bottom of a transversely slitlike depression on the anterior margin of xii close to 11/12, in ab. The male pores are readily recognizable or scarcely visible and are located on segment x on the ventral faces of more or less protuberant porophores in dc, nearer to 6 than to ¢. Intersegmental furrow 10/11 passes behind the porophores and is slightly displaced posteriorly in a concave fashion just behind each porophore. The anterior margin of the porophore may be demarcated by a slight transverse furrow, which does not pass at either end into furrow 10/11, or the furrow may be lacking, the porophore represented only by a slight parietal pro- tuberance on which the male pore is located. The median margin of the porophore is at 6 or very slightly lateral to 0. 412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 85 The genital markings have a circular or transversely ova) outline and usually are slightly protuberant. Each marking usually com- prises an opaque rim and a ceatral, grayish-translucent, circular por- tion, but occasionally the rim appears to be lacking. The markings are located on segments viil—xlii on the new specimens as follows: 1. Segment viii—anterior annulus, left side, just lateral to the spermathecal pore; ix—posterior annulus, left side, in bc but nearer to b than to c; x—pos- terior annulus, right side, just lateral to lateral margin of the male porophore. 2. Segment vii—posterior annulus, right side, lateral to spermsthecal pore; viii—anterior annulus, each side, just lateral to the spermathecal pore; ix— middle annulus, right side, in be. 3. Segment viii—presetal, right side, in be just behind the spermathecal pore; ix—presetal, right side, in bc; x—presetal, left side, in, bc; xi—presetal, right side, in be. 4. Segment viii—presetal, left side, in be slightly median to the spermathecal pore; ix—presetal, left side, in bc; x—presetal, right side, in bc; xi—presetal, left side, in aa; xii—presetal, left side, in aa; xiii—postsetal, median. 5. Segment viii—postsetal, right side, in ab; ix—presetal, left side, in ab. 6. Segment ix—presetal, right side, in Bc; x—presetal, left side, in be. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-8/9 are thickly muscular; 9/10 thin and displaced posteriorly. The last pair of hearts is in ix. There is a band of opaque material on each side of the dorsal blood vessel. The gizzards are two, in xil—xiii (2 specimens) or three, in xii—xiv (4 specimens). The testis sacs are ovoidal or kidney-shaped, in the latter case the concave side directed ventrally; in ix and x, unconstricted by 9/10. The vas deferens is short, rather thick, relative to size of the worm, in 9/10 with several loose loops into ix and x. The vas passes pos- teriorly on the parietes in segment x and into the body wall at a point slightly median to the entrance of the prostate into the parietes. The prostates are shortly club-shaped and erect; the entalmost pertion may be two to three times as thick as the more ectal coelomic portion. Removal of the external glandular layer reveals a whitish, slenderly tubular, central body. In none of the specimens examined is there any widening of the ental end of the central body to correspend to the ental thickening of the external glandular layer. Segment xi is reduced to a closed-off ovarian chamber of horseshoe- shape. The laterally flattened ovisacs appear to terminate, at first glance, in the region of segments xiv—xvii. If, however, the gut is carefully rolled over to one side a long slender rodlike body can be seen in the vicinity of the nerve cord on each side. This can be traced anteriorly into the region of segments xvii—xiv, where it passes dorsally at the side of the esophagus and gradually or abruptly merges into the wide portion of the ovisac. Thus, in reality, the ovi- sacs extend posteriorly into xxvi—xliii, xxvi (1 specimen), xxxvii and xli (1 specimen). In one worm the rodlike appendix of one side passes CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 413 over the gut but under the dorsal blood vessel and down onto the ventral parietes on the other side. In another specimen the appendices terminate in xx, but segments xxi-xxxvii are filled with ova while to the left of the nerve cord in xxvii-xxxvi and to the right in xxxvii- xliii is a posterior continuation of the appendix. Presumably the appendices were ruptured sometime previous to collection, releasing numbers of ova, after which the broken ends closed over. The spermathecal duct is rather thick relative to the size of the animal and is 3-4 mm long. The atrium is finger-shaped, erect, on the posterior face of 7/8, 14-34 mm high, length greater than thick- ness. The spermathecal duct passes into the atrium near the ental end but runs ventrally in the wall of the atrium nearly to the parietes before its lumen opens into the atrial lumen. Convex, rounded glands project conspicuously into the coelomic cavities dorsal to the genital markings. Remarks.—D. japonica was erected on two specimens from Japan, which are no longer available for study, as they were sectioned. In these circumstances it has been necessary to determine certain im- portant specific characteristics from later specimens identified by the author of the species. There is at present little if any evidence against the correctness of the identification, though earlier accounts of the species leave much to be desired. Although Stephenson speaks of the prostates as “opening on the surface in groove 10/11” in his In- dian specimens (1922, p. 126), he definitely figures a segmental loca- tion of the male pores (1923, p. 142). The ovisac appendages were not mentioned by previous authors, and hence it is of interest that Stephenson clearly shows a section through an appendix resting on the parietal floor of segment xii (1922, pl. 1, fig. 4, labeled sac). Chen (1936, p. 291) maintains that the presence of the ovisac ap- pendages and the location of the spermathecal pores are not of suffi- cient value to distinguish japonica from grahami. Even if Chen be correct with regard to these two points, other differences enumerated above (vide remarks under D. grahami) are important enough to justify the specific distinction of the two forms. Just recently 6 aclitellate and juvenile specimens from Murree in the northwestern Himalayas have been examined. Although there are no free ova in segment xi and the ovisacs are obviously juvenile, two rodlike appendices are present in each of these specimens. The portion of the ovisac corresponding to that usually present in species of Drawida is as yet scarcely differentiated. The appendices extend into xxv in one specimen, into xviii in another, and in each specimen pass ventrally to the parietes near the nerve cord either on their own sides or after crossing to the opposite side under the dorsal blood vessel. 414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 DRAWIDA SIEMSSENI Michaelsen 1910. Drawida japonicus f. siemsseni MICHAELSEN, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Ham- burg, vol. 27, p. 50 (type locaiity: Foochow; type in the Hamburg Museum). 1931. Drawida japonicus f. siemsseni MICHAELSEN, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 157; Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, pt. 3, pp. 1, 7; Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), vol. 61, p. 525. Material examined—From the Hamburg Museum: 1 specimen labeled “V 6333. Drawida japonicus Mich. f. stemsseni. Tiensin, Futschau.” External characteristics —The genital markings and the male poro- phores are different from those of D. japonica. The clitellar glandu- larity appears to be only partially developed. Remarks.—Forma siemsseni was erected on a single specimen that was distinguished from f. typica by the greater length, greater thick- ness, greater number of segments (said to be “sehr ungenau”) and “ungefahr” 6 gizzards. The internal organs were removed in course of the original dissection and have been lost. The “type” of f. siemssent quite clearly is specifically distinct from D. japonica, but the species cannot be adequately characterized in the absence of the internal organs. Genus PHERETIMA Kinberg Within the genus Pheretima the prostomium, secondary annulation, gizzard, ovaries, oviducal funnels, and female pores do not provide characteristics that are of taxonomic importance. Reference to these has accordingly been omitted in succeeding pages. In each of the species described hereinafter, in absence of definite indication to the contrary, a gizzard is present in segment viii or in a region between septum 7/8 and either 9/10 or 10/11, while ovaries and oviducal fun- nels are present in segment xili with a single female pore on xiv. As a rule, reference to color or pigmentation has been omitted, since many of the specimens have been bleached. No reference has been made in the specific descriptions to the paired tufts of enteronephric pharyngeal nephridia at the sides of the gut in segments iv—vi. These nephridia apparently are always present and have been noted definitely in all the Chinese species examined except P. choeina. Absence of mention, in the laboratory notes, of these ne- phridia is probably merely an oversight. “Blood glands” in v or v and vi have been noted in the following species only: P. antefixa, cali- fornica, fornicata, pectenifera, pingi, schmardae, szechuanensis, tuber- culata, and vulgaris. “Lymph glands” are probably present much more frequently than the occasional references in the specific descrip- tions indicate. CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 415 Intestinal caeca characterized by a single longitudinal axis are termed simple regardless of the depth of incisions on the dorsal and (or) ventral margins of the primary caecal evagination. Intestinal caeca with several longitudinal axes and with a rather characteristic glove-shaped conformation are termed compound. PHERETIMA ABDITA Gates 1935. Pheretima abdita Gates, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 938, no. 3, p. 5 (type locality: Suifu, Szchewan; types in U. S. National Museum). 1936. Pheretima abdita CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 292 (after examination of types). Material ecamined—F rom Dr. Graham: 1 partially clitellate speci- men labeled “Suifu”; 1 partially clitellate specimen labeled “Suifu, 1,000 feet, July 1925”; 14 clitelinte specimens labeled “Chungking, 9,000 feet, May 6-27, 1930.” External characteristics —Length, 80-140 mm. Maximum diame- ter, 3144-6 mm. The setae begin on 11, on which segment there is a complete circle. The setae are small and regularly spaced, a trifle more widely sepa- rated dorsally than ventrally. There is no midventral break in the setal circles, a middorsal break when present of variable width. The setal numbers are as follows: 1 Wide gaps in setal circles, no pits visible in the gaps. 2 Gaps with empty setal pits in the setal row. The first dorsal pore is usually on 12/13. The clitellum is annular, extending from 13/14 to 16/17 or not quite reaching to one or both of those limits; dorsal pores and inter- segmental furrows lacking; setae present, at least ventrally, on all three segments. The spermathecal pores are rather small, with puckered margins, widely separated, three pairs on 5/6-7/8. The apertures of the male parietal invaginations on xviii are usually elongate-slitlike but may be somewhat rounded. The invaginations 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yO, 85 are deep but confined to the parietes. The lateral wall of the invagi- nation is thin, the ventral margin of the lateral wall liplike. On the median wall of the invagination is a large, circular, smooth, glistening area. The central portion of this area may be depressed into a ver- tical slit or groove. In the lateralmost or dorsalmost portion of this groove or slit the tip of the penis can usually be seen. The slit opens into a small, rounded, muscular bulb into which the penis is re- tracted, partially or completely. The smooth area on the median wall of the invagination may be raised in such a way as to have the appearance of a thickish ring around the base of the penis. The everted parietal invagination has the appearance of a spher- oidal knob. On the ventral face of this knob, in incomplete eversion, is a pitlike depression from which the tip of the penis protrudes. In complete eversion the entire length of the penis is visible. The penis is slenderly tubular, the tip rather pointed, the base slightly thicker, about 1 mm or slightly more in length. The genital markings are presetal, paired, on xviii and xix. Each marking is transversely but shortly elliptical, about 5-9 intersetal intervals wide transversely, with a large, grayish, translucent, con- cave-depressed center and an opaque whitish rim. The lateral mar- gins of the markings are just median to the apertures of the parietal invaginations, the median margins of a pair separated by a mid- ventral space equal to 5-6 intersetal intervals. Anteroposteriorly the markings extend from just in front of the setae to the interseg- mental furrow. The latter is slightly displaced toward the anterior end by the genital markings on all specimens on which the furrow is visible. On each side of the body and extending from the margin of the clitellum posteriorly for several segments is a rather high ridge. The midventral region between these two ridges has a longitudinally rectangular appearance. The apertures of the male parietal invagi- nations are on the ventral faces of the longitudinal ridges, the genital markings on the median faces. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-9/10 are thickly muscular; septa 10/11-12/13 also muscular, especially 10/11, but not so thick as the anterior septa. The esophagus in segments xiii or xiv—xv is strongly distended by soil, the esophageal wall very thin, sometimes actually transparent. The origin of the intestine is not quite clear but appears to be in xvi. The intestinal caeca are simple, long, slender, with smooth margins. The paired hearts of ix—xili all pass into the ventral trunk. In two specimens a pair of large heartlike commissures in ix connects CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 417 the supraesophageal and the ventrolateral vessels. These extra com- missures are filled with blood and more readily visible than the empty commissures of ix connecting the dorsal and ventral trunks. The single testis sac of x includes, in addition to the male funnels, testes and testicular material, the segmental portions of the esopha- gus, and the dorsal blood vessel, as well as the hearts of x. The sheet of tissue forming the boundary of the sac is attached anteriorly to 9/10 close to the esophagus at least dorsally and laterally. The wall of the sac is bulged out laterally on each side to a considerable extent by the testicular material. When the worm is first opened these lateral bulges look like a pair of fairly well developed seminal vesicles. The single testis sac of xi is either U-shaped or annular and is attached to 10/11 only close to the esophagus. The two dorsal limbs of a U-shaped sac may be symmetrical, the dorsal blood vessel between the ends of the limbs or one limb may be longer than the other, in which case the segmental portion of the dorsal blood vessel is within the longer limb. The annular testis sac is formed, pre- sumably, by the fusion of the dorsal ends of the limbs of a U-shaped sac. The seminal vesicles of xi are within the testis sac of the seg- ment and are rather small. In some cases a small but definite, columnar, primary ampulla can be recognized. The vesicles of xii are larger than those of xi and usually asymmetrical. The larger vesicle, that of the left side, may extend posteriorly into contact with the prostate. The right vesicle may extend over onto the left side of xii as well as penetrating into xill, or it may be confined toes: The prostates are broken up into a number of elongate finger- like lobes, and these lobes are not as a rule compacted into a solid mass. The prostatic duct is 5-6 mm in length, the middle portion thickest and bent into a C-shape. Just ectal and just ental to the C-portion there may be a tiny quirk or loop. Within the parietes the prostatic duct is widened to form a small bulbous body. The spermathecae are small. The spermathecal duct is nearly as long as, or slightly longer than, the ampulla and is narrowed only very slightly within the parietes. The diverticulum is longer than the combined lengths of duct and ampulla and passes into the median face of the duct just below the ampulla. A very short ectal portion of the diverticulum is slenderly tubular, smooth, and glistening; the remaining portion of the diverticulum widened slightly, bent back and forth in a regularly but shortly zigzagged fashion, the successive limbs of the loops in contact and all in the same plane. 418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 Within the parietes and sometimes projecting slightly into the coelomic cavity are glandular masses, one mass dorsal to each of the genital markings. Remarks.—On the two partially clitellate Suifu specimens the spermathecal pores of 5/6 and 6/7 are nearer to the midventral line than are the pores of 7/8. The spermathecal setae of these two specimens are: v1/27-26, vii/26-26. In all other respects the Suifu worms are like those from Chungking. P. abdita is close to P. indica and P. gemella but is distinguished from both by the restriction of the male invaginations to the parietes, by the muscularity of septa 8/9-9/10, by the genital mark- ings on xvili and xix, and by the three pairs of spermathecae. PHERETIMA ANTEFIXA Gates 1485. Pheretima antefira Gates, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 98, no. 3, p. 6 (type locality: Suifu, Szechwan; types in U. 8S. National Museum). 1936. Pheretima antefira CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 293 (after examination of types). Material ewamined—From Dr. Graham: 2 clitellate specimens labeled “Suifu, Szechwan, May 25, 1930”; 1 clitellate specimen la- beled “Suifu, 1,000-1,300 feet, May 1-30, 1930”; 4 clitellate speci- mens labeled “Suifu, 1,000-1,400 feet, April 25-28, 1950”; 2 clitellate specimens labeled “south of Suifu, 1,000-1,500 feet, March 25, 1929.” External characteristics—Length, 85-120 mm. Diameter, 314-5 mm. The setae begin on 11, on which segment there is a complete circle. The ventral setae of ii-ix are enlarged and widely spaced, occa- sionally the setae of vili-ix less enlarged than those of the anterior segments; the setae of x and succeeding segments definitely smaller and more closely spaced. Setae may be present ventrally on all cli- tellar segments or only on xvi, in the latter case the number varies from 7-16. The setal numbers are as follows: Qo (2?) 18/14 12/13 12/13 (1) 12/13 12/13 12/13 12/13 12/13 7 9 7 9 6 8 0 0 —_ 1 No functional pores anterior to the clitellum (?). CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 419 The clitellum is annular, extending from 13/14 to 16/17, interseg- mental furrows and dorsal pores lacking on eight specimens, func- tional dorsal pores present on one specimen. The spermathecal pores are minute, widely separated, one pair, on 8/9. In the setal circle of xviii on each side is a short transverse ridge, toward the lateral margin of which the minute male pore is located. Rarely the portion containing the male pore is definitely separated from the rest of the ridge as a distinct tubercle. On one specimen the ridge is represented only by a lateral male pore tubercle and a transversely oval tubercle at the approximate site of the median end of the ridge. Each worm is characterized by the presence of a median, presetal genital marking at the midventral line on segments ili, iv, and v. The markings are circular, the diameter about equal to interval aa; the grayish, translucent, central area within the narrow, opaque, whitish rim is flat, convex, or concave. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-7/8 are thickly muscular; 8/9-9/10 lacking ; 10/11-13/14 strengthened, 10/11-12/13 more than 13/14 but none of these so thick as the pregizzard septa. The intestine begins in xv. The intestinal caeca are simple; the ventral margin is incised, the depths of the incisions decreasing an- teriorly ; the secondary lobes, short and rounded or longer and rather finger-shaped, are always directed ventrally. The dorsal margin may be slightly incised. The single heart of ix may be on either the right or the left side. The hearts of x were not found in some specimens but were located in one worm on the anterior face of 10/11, where they were covered by connective tissue. The last pair of hearts is in xiii. The hearts of ix—xili all pass into the ventral trunk. There is a single ventral testis sac with a bilobed anterior margin projecting conspicuously from the anterior face of 10/11. There is also a single ventral testis sac in xi, but the anterior margin is so deeply indented that there appear to be two separate conical sacs with the bases of the cones on the anterior face of 11/12 while the pointed anterior ends are directed toward 10/11. The anterior points of the testis sac do not reach 10/11, but a tiny thread passes from the apex to 10/11. The buttonlike testes are in the apices of the sacs and not on the posterior face of 10/11. The seminal vesicles of xi and xii are in contact transversely over the dorsal blood vessel. Each vesicle may have a primary ampulla, definitely characterized as to color and surface appearance, and may be almost completely con- stricted off from the ventral lamina or deeply sunk into the dorsal 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 margin of the latter. The prostates extend through xvii-xxi. The prostatic duct is 3-5 mm long, straight or bent into a C-shape, with a tiny quirk just before passing into the parietes. The spermathecal duct is much shorter than the ampulla and nar- rowed gradually in the parietes. The diverticulum, which is about equal to the combined lengths of the duct and ampulla or a trifle shorter, passes into the duct in or close to the parietes and comprises an ectal, slender, smooth-surfaced, firm stalk with a very narrow lumen and a more irregular, thinner-walled seminal chamber with a wider lumen. The elongate tubular seminal chamber may be twisted, almost straight, or with one or two very slight loops; it may be of about the same caliber throughout or the entalmost portion may be slightly widened. Numbers of stalked glandular masses protrude into the coelomic cavity dorsal to each of the genital markings, the ducts passing into the parietes under the nerve cord. In some of the specimens what appears to be glandular material was found in the parietes around the spermathecal duct. No glandular material was found in tha parietes in the region of the prostatic duct in the specimens that were carefully dissected. Remarks.—Two worms were found on dissection to have a small spermatheca each in segment vil, with the duct passing into the parietes in the region of 7/8, though no spermathecal pore had been noted during the external examination. One of these spermathecae lacks a diverticulum. The other spermatheca has a diverticulum but with no spermatozoal iridescence, though seminal chambers of normal spermathecae from the same worm do have the iridescence. P. antefiva is distinguished from all other bithecal species of Pheretima with spermathecal pores on 8/9 by the unpaired, presetal, median genital markings and their anterior location. PHERETIMA ASPERGILLUM (E. Perrier) 1872. Perichaeta aspergillum BE. Perrier, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 8, p. 118 (type locality unknown; type in the Paris Museum). 1891. Perichaeta aspergillum Rosa, Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 6, p. 403 (Amoy). 1899. Amyntas aspergillum MIcHAELSEN, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 16, p. 10 (Kowloon, near Hongkong). 1905. Pheretima lauta Uvbs, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., vol. 83, p. 464 (type locality: Foochow; type in the Hamburg Museum). 1910. Pheretima aspergillum MICHAELSEN, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 27, p. 102 (Foochow and Hongkong). 1929. Pheretima paraglandularis Fane, Sinensia, vol. 1, p. 15 (type locality: Chiu-chang, Ling-yung-shien, northwestern Kwangsi; types in Metropoli- tan Museum of Natural History, Nanking). 1930. Pheretima aspergillum Lin, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, p. 15. CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 421 1931. Pheretima aspergillum MicHartsen, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 158 (excluding Formosa from the distribution ae 1931. Pheretima (Ph.) siemsseni (part)+P. lauteo+P. aspergillum+P. para- glandularis MIcHAELSEN, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull, vol. 5, pt..o; DD. 2.0, 10 (type locality of siemsseni: Foochow, Fukien; type in the Hamburg Museum). 1931. Pheretima siemsseni MICHAELSEN, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), vol. 61, p. 571 (part). 1931. Pheretima paraglandularis CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 7, p. 159 (examination of type). 1932. Pheretima lauta Gates, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 11, p. 513. 1935. Pheretima aspergillum Gates, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 98, no. 3, p. 7. Material examined —From the Hamburg Museum: 3 specimens (A) labeled “Pheretima aspergillum E. Perr. China. Futschauw”; 1 specimen (B) from a tube’ labeled “Pheretima (Ph.) siemsseni Mich. Originale, China, Futschau. Consul Siemssen leg.”; and 1 specimen (C) labeled “V 10472, Pheretima lauta Ude. China, Fut- schau. Consul Siemssen.” From the U. S. National Museum: 7 macerated clitellate specimens labeled “Foochow, China. C. R. Kellogg, collector.” External characteristics —The setae begin on ii, on which segment there is a complete circle. The setae are small and regularly spaced ; no definite midventral break in the setal circles; a middorsal break, when present, variable in width. The setal numbers are as follows: Specimen 1 Gaps in the setal row. 2? Gaps in setal circle in which setae may have been present. The first dorsal pore is on 11/12 (4 specimens—A and B). The clitellar glandularity is only slightly developed on the three specimens of A; the clitellar coloration dark reddish, extending from 13/14-16/17; intersegmental furrows and dorsal pores present; setae visible at least ventrally. The clitellum of specimen C is also probably not fully developed. The clitellum of specimen B appears to be more completely developed, but there are slight traces of the intersegmental furrows ventrally and also ventral setal pits in which no setae can be seen. 1In addition, this tube contains a specimen of P. robusta and an aclitellate, softened, and unidentifiable specimen of Pheretima sp. 82345—39 9 “ 422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 The spermathecal pores are minute, widely separated, on tiny protuberances; two pairs, on 7/8-8/9. At the center of each male pore area on xviii of specimens A is a narrow transverse ridge, roughened or finely lobulated. On the lateralmost portion of this ridge is a tiny papilla on which is the minute male pore. No setae are visible on the ridge, which is in line with the setal circle. Just anterior and just posterior to each of these male pore ridges are two transverse rows of tiny, very short, columnar tubercles or papillae; the ventral face of each column is flattish or slightly depressed, the central area grayish, translucent, and surrounded by a narrow, opaque, whitish rim. The number of the papillae in each male pore region varies from 15 to 17. The body wall immediately in front of and just behind the male pore ridge together with the tubercles thereon is slightly depressed. The whole of the region just described is surrounded by 4-6 concentric furrows; each furrow outlines a transversely oval area with the more pointed portion mesially. The furrows reach beyond the limits of xviil, slightly invading segments xvii and xix. On specimen B the male pore ridges are not clearly visible; there are only 10-13 markings, none of which have a columnar appearance; the concentric furrows outline longitudinally oval areas. On specimen C the male pore ridges are also not clearly visible, but the concentric furrows are like those on specimens A. The geni- tal markings are closely crowded and, as a result of maceration, are difficult to count; about 17 markings on each area. On Kellogg’s specimens, the number of markings on a male area varies from 10 to 28, the transverse ridges visible. The male pore tubercles are slightly lateral to, and usually a trifle larger than, the genital markings. The preclitellar genital markings (A) are very similar to those of the male pore region but do not have a columnar appearance and are located slightly median to the spermathecal pores, in trans- verse rows of 2-5, one row each on the anteriormost margins of viii and ix and the posteriormost margins of vii and viii. The genital markings may be entirely lacking in the vicinity of a particular sper- mathecal pore. On specimen B the preclitellar genital markings are (probably) almost entirely lacking. There is, however, a single very definitely outlined marking on the posteriormost margin of vii on the right side just median to the spermathecal pore of 7/8. On specimen C the genital markings are quite characteristic, each row with 5-7 markings. On Kellogg’s specimens the number of markings in a row varies from 0 to 8. Internal anatomy.—(The internal organs had been removed from the anterior end of specimen B. Specimen C had been dissected, the CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 423 internal organs in part disarranged and softened. Five of Kellogg’s specimens had also been opened.) Septa 5/6-7/8 are thickly muscular, as are 10/11-138/14; 8/9-9/10, lacking. There is a small but very distinct glandular collar (smooth, with- out lobulations) on the esophagus just behind the gizzard (3 speci- mens). The intestine begins in xv (3 specimens). The intestinal caeca are simple, more or less finger-shaped, and directed anteriorly. Both dorsal and ventral margins may be incised. The incisions vary from fairly slight to deep. The height of the secondary lobes may be much less than the dorsoventral thickness of the primary portion of the caecum or greater. In the latter case the secondary lobes, or caeca, are finger-shaped, and the entire caecum might almost be regarded as compound. The secondary Icbes, however, are not di- rected anteriorly as in a glove-shaped compound caecum, but dorsally or ventrally. If both dorsal and ventral margins are deeply incised the depth of the incisions decreases passing posteriorly on the dorsal margin but increases on the ventral margin passing posteriorly. The last pair of hearts is in xiii (3 specimens). There may be a single commissure belonging to ix on the right or the left side, or a pair of commissures. The hearts of x are closely bound against the anterior face of 10/11 by connective tissue and if empty may be difficult to find. All hearts of ix—xiii pass into the ventral vessel. The testis sacs of x and xi are unpaired and ventral (A, C, and Kellogg’s specimens). The seminal vesicles of xi and xii are in contact transversely above the dorsal blood vessel. Each vesicle is provided with a primary ampulla the height of which may equal the height of the ventral lamina. The primary ampulla may be conical or columnar; the base may be merely constricted off from the ventral lamina, or the base may be wedge-shaped and sunk into the dorsal margin of the ventral lamina. In two specimens the primary ampul- lae are filled with parasitic masses, while none of these masses are present in the ventral portions of the vesicles. There are paired pseudovesicles in xiii and xiv, the vesicles of xiii about half the size of the vesicles in xii but about twice the size of the vesicles of xiv (3). The pseudovesicles of xiii of one specimen contain parasitic masses. The prostates extend through xvii or xvili-xix or xx. The pro- static duct is 18-16 mm long, tapering gradually at each end, bent in an S or W shape. A middle portion about 7-9 mm in length is much thickened. In Kellogg’s specimens the ducts are J- or U- shaped, the ectal limb of a loop thickened. The spermathecal duct is stoutish, narrowed only in the outermost layers of the parietes. The diverticulum is about as long as or longer than the combined lengths of duct and ampulla. 424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 An ental portion of the spermathecal diverticulum is usually elon- gate-ovoidal and definitely marked off from the remainder of the diverticulum. An ental portion of the slenderer part of the di- verticulum, is, like the ovoidal part, filled with sperm and often looped into a regular zigzag, the limbs of the loops short and in apposition. The stalk portion of the diverticulum is not marked off externally from the looped portion of the seminal chamber. Associated with each preclitellar or postclitellar genital marking is an ovoidal glandular mass. This mass may project slightly into the coelomic cavity or may be bound down to the parietes or be located within the parietes between longitudinal muscle fibers. The stalks, which are narrower than the glands, may or may not be visible within the coelomic cavity. The stalked preciitellar glands are readily recognizable in the coelomic cavity of specimen C. Only one stalked preclitellar gland is visible in the coelomic cavity of specimen B. Remarks.—Lin’s specimens were from Amoy and were identified by Michaelsen. According to Lin the number of setae on segments XX-xxi varies from 86 to 93. P. paraglandularis is so very similar to P. aspergillum with regard to a number of structures of major systematic importance that there can be little if any doubt that the two are synonymous (types have not been available for study). However, in P. paraglandularis, ac- cording to Fang, the male pores are large slits; there are “moderate” copulatory chambers, each containing an elongate genital papilla; septum 8/9 is thickened, only 9/10 is lacking; the gizzard is between septa 8/9 and 10/11 and accordingly belongs morphologically either to ix or x; the intestinal caeca orginate in xxv and extend only through one segment, there are two pairs of testis sacs, the conjoined transverse pairs connected with each other anteroposteriorly. All these rather unusual characteristics are doubtless the result of errors in observation or interpretation. It is scarcely necessary to discuss all these errors. The gizzard is always in segment viii in the genns Pheretima. Fang has mistaken septa 5/6-7/8 for septa 6/7-8/9. The elongate genital papilla is doubtless the transverse ridge on the male area. Fang’s figure of a male genital area would do quite well for that of one of the Hamburg specimens if the transverse ridge were lobu- lated instead of smooth and with genital markings. An intestinal caecum of one of the Hamburg specimens is very much like the figure of the caecum in Fang’s paper. Chen examined Fang’s specimens but failed to correct the errors in Fang’s account. According to Chen the hearts of x are lacking; CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 425 possibly the missing pair was overlooked owing to the coverage by connective tissue. Specimen C is cut into two portions. The combined lengths of these parts is about 145mm. The number of segments is 185 or 186. The posterior half of the worm is characterized by an alternate brown and white banding, especially marked on the dorsum, the setal circles on rather narrow, whitish bands, between successive white bands a broader, brownish, intersetal band. These three character- istics enable the identification of the Hamburg specimen numbered V 10472 as the holotype of P. lauta. PHERETIMA BUCCULENTA Gates 1935. Pheretima bucculenta Gates, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 7 (type locality: Szechwan; type in U. S. National Museum). 1936. Pheretima fangit+P. bipapillata (not P. bipapillata Ude, 1905)+P. buccu- lenta CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, pp. 275, 286, 294 (type locality of fangi: Suifu, Szechwan; of bipapillata: Chungking, Szechwan; types of both in the Museum of the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China). Material examined—From Dr. Graham: 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Szechwan, 3,000-4,000 feet, July 9-11, 1930.” External characteristics —Length, 185 mm. Diameter, 6 mm. The setae begin on ii, on which segment there is a complete circle. There is no definite midventral break in the setal circles; a middorsal break of variable width may be present. The setal numbers are vi/22, vii/22, vili/25, xvii/16, xvili/20, x1x/20. The first dorsal pore is on 12/18. The clitellum is annular, extending from 13/14 to 16/17; dorsal pores and intersegmental furrows lacking; no setae visible. The spermathecal pores are minute, four pairs, on 5/6-8/9. The male pores are minute, each pore on a tiny conical tubercle in the dorsalmost portion of a parietal invagination. The parietal invaginations are deep, slitlike, with longitudinal, narrow apertures. The lateral wall is thin, and its ventral margin is liplike. Setae are lacking on the lateral wall of the invagination. There is a pair of genital markings on xviii. Each marking is transversely oval, 4-6 intersetal intervals wide, immediately anterior to the setae, the lateralmost portion within the parietal invagina- tion and covered over by the lateral lip. The markings are flat- surfaced, slightly protuberant, sharply demarcated, grayish, and widely separated from each other. In addition to these quite defi- nite markings, there are in the parietal invaginations 1-3 less definite whitish patches of varying shape and size. Internal anatomy.—Septa 6/7-7/8 and 10/11-11/12 are thickly muscular; 12/13 muscular; 8/9 present only ventrally; 9/10 lacking. 426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 The intestine begins in xv. The intestinal caeca are elongate, simple, with 6-8 very definite but short and stumpy, rather broad lobes on the ventral margin, length of lobes less than dorsoventral diameter of the main portion of the sac. There is a pair of hearts belonging to ix. The last pair is in xiii. The hearts of x are large, filled with blood, and not held against septum 10/11. All hearts of ix—xiii pass into the ventral vessel. The testis sacs of x and xi are unpaired and ventral. The seminal vesicles of xi and xii are medium-sized vertical bodies, in contact transversely over the dorsal blood vessel. There is a pair of small club-shaped pseudovesicles in xiii, The prostates extend through xvil-xvill. The prostatic duct is about 4 mm in length, bent into a U-shape, the ectal half thicker than the ental half. The spermathecal duct is rather slender, about equal in length to the ampulla from which it is not sharply marked off, only slightly narrowed within the parietes. The diverticulum passes into the anterior face of the duct close to the parietes and is short, slender, the ental portion bent in a regularly zigzagged fashion, the loops all in the same plane. The diverticula are rather small and may possibly not be fully developed. In the parietes dorsal to each genital marking is a glandular mass that projects conspicuously into the coelomic cavity, the dorsal face of the mass rather conical. Remarks.—In the coelomic cavities, the seminal vesicles, and the walls of some of the blood vessels there are numbers of parasites, which may have been responsible for a retardation in the develop- ment of the spermathecae and in particular of the spermathecal diverticula. Other organs appear to be normal. The male parietal invaginations are very similar to those of P. tschiliensis, P. praepinguis, and P. paeta. P. bucculenta is distinguished from other octothecal Chinese species of Pheretima by the combination of superficial spermathecal pores and deeply invaginate male pores. P. fangi is distinguished from buceulenta, according to Chen (1986, p. 278), by the larger size of the genital marking in the male pore invagination, the larger size of the male pore invagination, the stout hearts of x, the coiling of the spermathecal diverticulum, and “many other characters.” Slight differences in size of genital markings or of hearts, in depth of the male pore invaginations (even if existent) as well as coiling of a spermathecal diverticulum are not acceptable criteria of specific distinctness in the genus Pheretima. The “many other characters” (of specific value) are nonexistent so far as can be discovered from the description given by Chen. As was noted above, the type of bucculenta was heavily parasitized and CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 427 may not have been quite normal (vide note on spermathecal divertic- ula in description above). P. bipapillata (preoceupied by bipapillata Ude in 1905) is not distinguished either from bucculenta or fangi by any characteristics of specific value. PHERETIMA CHOEINA Michaelsen 1927. Pheretima choeina MICHAELSEN, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, vol. 21, p. 85 (type locality; Lo-choei-Tong, Yunnan; type in the Hamburg Museum). 1931. Pheretima (Ph.) choeina MicHaEtsen, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 158; Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, pt. 3, p. 3. Material examined—F¥rom the Hamburg Museum: Contents of a tube labeled “V 10424. Pheretima choeina Mich. Lo Choei Tong, Yunnan, 2.3.35. F. Silvestri leg. Michaelsen ded.” The tube contains only a few internal organs, including two spermathecae. Remarks.—The seminal vesicles of xi and xii are small, little if at all larger than the pseudovesicles of xiii. The left anterior vesicle is smaller than the others. The appearance of the seminal vesicles and in particular of that of the left side of xi together with the ab- sence of the setae on x (“Borsten am 10. Segment fehlend, wenn nicht sehr klein”) may perhaps be taken as evidence that the type is abnormal. PHERETIMA CALIFORNICA Kinherg 1867. Pheretima californica Krxperc, Ofy. Vet.-Akad. Férh. Stockholm, vol. 23, p. 102 (part) (excluding octothecal specimens; type locality: Sausalito Bay, Calif.; types in the Stockholm Museum). 1912. Pheretima browni SrEPHENSON, Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 7, p. 274 (part) (excluding sexthecal specimens; type locality: Tengyueh, Yunnan; types in the British Museum and the Indian Museum). 1927. Pheretima modesta MIcHAELSEN, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, vol. 21, p. 88 (type locality: Yi-Leang, Yunnan; type in the Hamburg Museum). 1931. Pheretima browni MicHAELSEN, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 158. 1931. Pherctima (Ph.) browni + P. kiangensis MICHAELSEN, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, pt. 8, pp. 8, 21 (type locality of kiangensis: Soochow, Kiangsu; types in the Hamburg Museum). 1931. Pheretima kiangensis M1cHAELSEN, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), vol. Gi5. Dp: 558. 1931. Pheretima (Ph.) hesperidwum CueEn, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 7, p. 187 (part) (excluding from synonymy loehri Michael- sen, 1899, and possibly though not probably sandvicensis Beddard, 1896; Szechwan). 1933. Pheretima hesperidum CueEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 7, p. 275 (Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhwei, Kiangsi, Hupei, Hunan). 1935. Pheretima hesperidum Cuen, Bull. Fan Inst. Biol. Peiping, vol. 6, p. 33 (Hongkong). 1935. Pheretima modesta Gates, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 12. 1935. Pheretima californica Gates, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 14, p. 452. 1936. Pheretima californica CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 270 (Szechwan). 428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vO, 85 THE FOLLOWING PLACED DOUBTFULLY IN SYNONYMY: 1896. Perichaeta sandvicensis BeppARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896, p. 203 (Hongkong). 1931. Pheretima hesperidum MIcHAELSEN, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 159 (excluding Amyntas loehri Michaelsen). 1931. Pheretima (Ph.) hesperidum MIcHAELSEN, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, pt. 3, p. 2 (excluding Amyntas loehri). Material examined—From the Hamburg Museum: 1 specimen labeled “V 10423. Pheretima modesta Mich. Yi Leang, SW. China. F. Silvestri leg. 24.2.1925”; 4 specimens (A) labeled “Pheretima kiangensis Mich. (= Ph. kiangsuensis Chen) China, Soochow, Biol. Anst. Soochow 1/.” From the U. 8. National Museum: 3 specimens (B) labeled “Pheretima hesperidum, Nanking, China. Ident. by Y. Chen.” From Dr. Graham: 5 specimens (C) labeled “Szechwan, 7,000 feet, August 29, 1928”; 2 clitellate specimens labeled “At Lo-Gu in the Ningyuenfu prefecture, 6,500 feet, July 22-23, 1928”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Suifu, 1,200-2,000 feet, October 30- November 1, 1928”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Suifu, 1929.” External characteristics—The setal numbers of several specimens are as follows: Specimens ! Gaps in setal rows, setal pits present in gaps, setae possibly pulled out in removing cuticle. The apertures of the copulatory chambers are transversely slit- like, the margins of the apertures minutely lobulated. The copula- tory chambers are completely everted in the type of modesta. The apertures of the copulatory chambers may gape open so that the male pores are visible. Internal anatomy.—The intestinal caeca are simple, the ventral margins usually with several slight incisions. The typhlosole begins just behind the intestinal caeca and extends into the gut lumen as a low but thin and bladelike ridge. CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 429 There is a pair of hearts belonging to ix in 2 specimens; the single heart of ix on the left side (4 specimens), on the right side (3 speci- mens). The last pair of hearts is in xiii (9 specimens). All hearts of ix—xiii pass into the ventral blood vessel (4 specimens). The testis sacs are unpaired and ventral (9 specimens), the sac of x often with a bilobed anterior margin. The prostates extend through xvii-xix or xx. The prostatic duct is 2-4 mm long. An ental portion, varying in length from 2 to 3 mm, is thickly muscular, nearly straight or slightly bent into a sort of crescentic curve. An ectal portion, about 1 mm in length, is very slender but firm and bent into 1-3 tiny U-shaped quirks, which are covered over by connective tissue; only the thickly muscular portion of the duct visible on first opening the worms. The copulatory chambers, when completely retracted, protrude rather conspicuously into the coelomic cavity. A very large portion of this coelomic protuberance is composed of connective tissue and the tiny ectal quirks of the prostatic duct. In those specimens on which the apertures of the chambers gape open the lumen of a chamber does not extend internally beyond the level of the coelomic face of the parietes and the male pore chamber appears to be simply an invagination of the parietes. In 2 specimens with chambers (apparently) fully retracted and with chamber apertures shut tight the lumen of the chamber appears to extend internally dorsal to the level of the coelomic face of the parietes though only slightly, while ectally the lumen is narrowed as if by a sphincter. The male pore invagination is accordingly termed a copulatory chamber. The actual protuberance (of the chamber not including the quirks of the prostatic duct and the connective tissue) is, however, so slight that it may be preferable to call the chamber a parietal invagination. The spermathecal duct is narrowed in the parietes, the thicker coelomic portion about as long as or slightly shorter than the ampulla. An ectal portion of the ampulla is so firmly bound by connective tissue around the ental portion of the duct that the duct appears to be invaginated into the lumen of the ampulla. The diverticulum com- prises a short stalk, which may be nearly as thick as the duct, and a longer and slightly thicker seminal chamber. The latter is nearly straight, twisted, looped, or bent in various ways. Remarks.—The U. S. National Museum specimens from Szechwan are brittle and broke into pieces in the course of dissection. There is nothing whatever in Beddard’s account of his sandvicensis to indicate specific distinction from californica (types and the Hong- kong specimens). If Beddard’s specimens cannot be found, sand- wicensis will have to be regarded as a synonym of californica. 430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 PHERETIMA DIFFRINGENS (Baird) 1869. Megascolex diffringens Bairp, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 40 (type locality : Plas Machynlleth, North Wales; types in the British Muesum). 1912. Pheretima divergens var. yunnanensis STEPHENSON, Ree. Indian Mus., vol. 7, p. 274 (type locality: Tengyueh, Yunnan; type in the Indian Museum). 1931. Pheretima (Ph.) divergens MicHartsen, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 158 (part) (excluding Japanese distribution) ; Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 5, pt. 3, p. 2 (part) (excluding Japanese distribution). 1931. Pheretima (Ph.) heterochaeta CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 7, p. 1238 (Szechwan). 19382. Pheretima divergens GaAtrEs, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 11, p. 511. 1933. Pheretima heterochaeta CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 9, p. 284 (Kiangsu, Chekiang, Kiangsi, Anhwei). 1935. Pheretima heterochaeta CHEN, Bull. Fan Inst. Biol. Peiping, vol. 6, p. 34 (Hongkong) ; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 121 (Fukien). 1935. Pheretima mirabilis GAtTEes, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 93, no. 38, p. 12. 1935. Pheretima diffringens Gates, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 14. p. 452. 1986. Pheretima heterochaeta CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 270 (Szechwan). Material examined—F¥rom the Indian Museum: 2 fragments la- beled “Pheretima divergens variety yunnanensis Steph. Tengyueh, Yunnan. J. Coggin Brown.” From the British Museum: 1 speci- men from a tube labeled “Pheretima barbadensis 1904.10.5.1219.1228. Hongkong. coll. Beddard” and 1 specimen from a tube labeled “Pheretima morrisi 1904.10.5.453. Hongkong. coll. Beddard.” From the U. S. National Museum: 1 specimen from a tube labeled “Phere- tima corrugata Chen (paratypes), Kia-Ting, Szechuan. Y. Chen.” From Dr. Graham: 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Mar Hai-Tang, 6,000-8,000 feet, April 14, 1928”; 2 clitellate specimens labeled “Near Mupin, 3,000-4,000 feet, July 8, 1929”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Near Yachow, 1,400-1,800 feet, July 3-5, 1930”; 2 clitel- late specimens labeled “Mupin, 3,500-5,000 feet, July 1, 1929”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Kangshien, 1,300—2,000 feet, October 28-29, 1928”; 2 clitellate specimens labeled “Between Kiating and Yachau, July 8-11, 1928”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Suifu, 1,400 feet, April 18, 1925”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “South of Suifu, 1,100-1,400 feet, May 14, 1924”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Be- tween Gin Keo Ho and Dawei, 1,300-5,000 feet, August 1-2”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Tatsienlu, 12,000 feet, July 7-9, 1923”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Tatsienlu, August 2-4, 1923.” In the Szechwan specimens prostatic ducts are present, but pros- tates are entirely lacking (8 specimens), only one prostatic duct present and no prostates (1 specimen), characteristic ducts and rudimentary prostates present (1 specimen), a medium-sized pros- tate and a normal duct on one side, a prostatic duct only on the CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 431 other side (1 specimen), a pair of medium-sized prostates with ducts (1 specimen), a pair of fully developed prostates with ducts (2 specimens). Remarks.—Stephenson’s specimen of P. divergens is quite clearly P. diffringens. One of the three paratypes of Chen’s P. corrugata also is rather obviously to be referred to P. diffringens. A specimen from Tatsienlu with normal prostates is heavily in- fested with nematodes. The worm has a pair of large pseudovesicles in xiii. PHERETIMA EXILIS Gates 1935. Pheretima ewilis Gatres, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 7 (type locality: Suifu, Szechwan; type in U. S. National Museum). 1936. Pheretima ewvilis CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 294 (after examination of type). Material ewamined—From Dr. Graham: 2 clitellate specimens labeled “Suifu, Szechwan, 1929.” External characteristics—Length, 68-85 mm. Diameter, 2-214 mm. The setae begin on ii, on which segment there is a complete circle, and are small and closely crowded. There is no definite mid- ventral gap in the setal circles; a slight middorsal gap may be present. There are six ventral setae on segment xvi. Other setal numbers are as follows: vi xvii xviii xix XX 39 15 8 13 50 eececeuces 10 8 ll wetcscsces The first dorsal pore is on 12/18. The clitellum is annular, extending from 13/14 to 16/17; dorsal pores and intersegmental furrows lacking. The spermathecal apertures are minute, widely separated, on tiny transversely oval areas; two pairs. The pore areas appear to be on the posterior margins of v and vi; ducts of several spermathecae were pulled out from the parietes but without obtaining definite evidence as to the exact location of the pores with relation to the intersegmental furrows. The male pores are minute, each pore on a smooth, glistening, in- distinctly demarcated area, the central portion of which is slightly depressed, the depression with an open circular aperture at the bottom of which the male pores are readily visible. 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 85 The genital markings are two pairs on xvii and xix, each marking having a thick opaque rim and a grayish, concave, circular, central portion. The markings appear to be postsetal in position, but the setae are lacking on both xvii and xix immediately in front of the markings. Each marking is about 6 intersetal intervals wide trans- versely and is separated from the marking of the opposite side by a midventral space about equal to 138-15 intersetal intervals. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-7/8 are thickly muscular; 8/9 rep- resented only by a thin ventral rudiment; 9/10 lacking; 10/11-12/13 membranous but slightly strengthened. The intestine begins in xv. The intestinal caeca are simple with smooth margins, short, extending through 2-8 segments. There is a pair of hearts belonging to ix. The last pair of hearts is In xill. There is a pair of testis sacs on the anterior face of 10/11; no transverse connection between the sacs noted. The testis sac or sacs of xi extend dorsally at the sides of the esophagus to the dorsal blood vessel and contain the hearts of xi as well as the seminal vesicles of that segment. The seminal vesicles, paired in xi and xii, are small vertical bodies. Prostates are entirely lacking in one speci- men, extending through xvii-xx in the other. In the first specimen the prostatic duct is represented only by a short, soft, whitish widen- ing of the vas deferens just as it passes into the parietes. In the other specimen the prostatic ducts are short and soft, bent into a sort of C-shape but with a tiny quirk in the duct at each end of the C. The spermathecae of both specimens are probably abnormal: the duct-ampulla portion of the apparatus appears to be very rudi- mentary, while the diverticular portion seems, relatively, to be hyper- trophied. The diverticulum passes into the median face of the duct-ampulla rudiment. There is glandular material in the parietes dorsal to each genital marking, the material projecting slightly into the coelomic cavity. Remarks.—The types are almost certainly abnormal (spermathecae in both specimens and prostates in one specimen). Examination of normal specimens may enable recognition of further abnormalities in the types. At present P. ewilis can be distinguished from other quadrithecal Chinese species of Pheretima with spermathecal pores on 5/6-6/7 by the inclusion of the seminal vesicles of xi within the posterior testis sacs. CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 433 PHERETIMA FLEXILIS Gates 1935. Pheretima flevilis Gates, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 7 (type locality: Between Gin Keo Ho and Dawei, Szechwan; type in the U. S. National Museum). 1936. Pheretima flezilis CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 295 (after examination of type). Material examined—From Dr. Graham: 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Between Gin Keo Ho and Dawei, 1,300-5,000 feet, August 1-2.” External characteristics —Length, 40 mm. Diameter, 2 mm. The setae begin on ii, on which segment there is a complete setal circle. Setal numbers: vii/16, viii/16, xvii/10, xvili/ca. 10, x1x/11. The first dorsal pore is probably on 13/14. The clitellum is annular, extending from 13/14 to 16/17; inter- segmental furrows, dorsal pores, and setae lacking. The male pores are minute, at the centers (probably) of tiny trans- versely oval areas in the setal circle of xviii. Each male pore area is surrounded by several concentric furrows. The spermathecal pores are minute, on tiny, transversely oval, glistening areas; three pairs, on 6/7-8/9. The genital markings are median, unpaired, tiny, circular tubercles, each with a definite rim and a grayish-translucent center; presetal on viii, slightly nearer to the setae than to 7/8; postsetal on xvii, close to the setae; postsetal on xviii, close to the setae. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-6/7 are strengthened; no septa thickly muscular; 8/9-9/10 lacking. The intestine begins in xv. The intestinal caeca are simple; the margins smooth except for septal constrictions. The single heart of ix is on the right side. The last pair of hearts is in xili. The testis sac of x is horseshoe-shaped, on the anterior face of 10/11; the ventral ends of the sac in contact but apparently not united. The testis sacs of xi are paired, erect, more or less ovoidal, vertical bodies. The lower end of a sac is on the ventral parietes, the upper end reaching or almost reaching the dorsal blood vessel. Each sac encloses a heart, a male funnel, and a seminal vesicle, as well as testicular coagulum. The testes were not identified. The seminal vesicles of xii are large, in contact transversely above the dorsal blood vessel; extending through xiii on the left side but on the right side pushing 12/13 and 18/14 back into contact with 14/15. The prostates extend through segments xvi-xx. The prostatic duct is just over 1 mm in length, glistening, erect in the coelom, practically 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL, 85 straight except for a very short, slender, ental portion that is not. glistening and which is bent into a tiny quirk. The spermathecal duct is very short, about one-fourth (or less) the length of the ampulla, narrowed in the parietes to a tiny conical point. The diverticulum comprises a short slender stalk and a much longer, slightly wider, thin-walled seminal chamber. The latter is variously bent, twisted, or looped. The genital marking glands are smooth and ovoidal; the coelomic portion of the stalks fairly long and glistening. Remarks.—The body wall is so transparent in places that exact enumeration of the setae is difficult. P. flexilis is distinguished from P. hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895) by the absence of septa 8/9-9/10 and from P. leucocirca Chen, 1933, by the characteristics of the testis sacs and the included seminal vesicles and hearts. PHERETIMA FORNICATA Gates 1935. Pheretima fornicata Gates, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 9 (type locality: Tatsienlu, Szechwan; types in the U. S. National Museum). 1936. Pheretima fornicata CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 296 (after examination of type). Material examined—From Dr. Graham: 8 clitellate specimens labeled “Tatsienlu, 12,000 feet, July 7-9, 1923”; 1 clitellate specimen in poor condition labeled “Between Gin Keo Ho and Dawei, 1,300- 5,000 feet, August 1-2.” Eternal characteristics —Length, 78-90 mm (100 mm, Dawei specimen). Diameter, 4-6 mm. The setae begin on ii, on which segment there is a wide dorsal gap in the setal circle. There is a small but fairly regular, midventral break in the setal circles; the middorsal gap usually larger but varia- ble in width. The setal numbers are as follows: 24 21 23 14 14 TGP eceee 26 123 27 19 13 P15): 4,\|e==s=ee= 1 In addition setal pits in which no setae were definitely recognized. The first functional dorsal pore is on 12/13 on each specimen, but there is a porelike marking on 11/12. GHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 435 The clitellum is annular, extending from 13/14 to 16/17; inter- segmental furrows and dorsal pores lacking; no setae visible. There are functional dorsal pores on 18/14 and 16/17. The spermathecal apertures are minute, four pairs on 5/6-8/9, on tiny, grayish, transversely oval markings. The intersegmental fur- rows are not visible on one specimen in the vicinity of the spermathe- cal pores. On another specimen the ventral body wall is strongly contracted, making observations on the position of the pores difficult. On the remaining specimen, it appeared at first glance as if the spermathecal apertures were on the anterior margins of segments vi-ix. But this appearance is probably due to the stronger develop- ment of a demarcating furrow at the anterior border of the pore tubercle than at the posterior border. When the spermathecal duct is pulled out from the parietes, as may easily be done, the oval area is removed, leaving an aperture with a smooth rim in the body wall that does not belong to one segment more than another. As the pore is at the center of this area it is regarded as intersegmental. The male apertures are minute, each pore located at the center of a circular or slightly oval (transversely) disk that is clearly marked off from the parietes by a slight furrow. The disks are 2-3 intersetal intervals wide transversely or about 0.5 mm. There are no genital markings. Internal anatomy—Septa 5/6-7/8 are thickly muscular; 8/9 is present and complete though membranous, bulged posteriorly into a funnel-shape by the gizzard, and attached centrally to the esophagus anterior to the hearts of ix; 9/10 lacking; 10/11-13/14 thickly mus- cular, especially the first three. The intestine begins in xv. The intestinal caeca are simple, con- stricted by the septa through which they pass. The last pair of hearts is in xiii. All hearts of ix—xiii pass into the ventral blood vessel. The testis sac of xi is horeshoe-shaped (Tatsienlu specimens) on the anterior face of 11/12. The ventral ends of the sac are not in contact beneath the esophagus, and no communication between the ventral ends was found. The hearts of xi are contained within the testis sac and are surrounded by testicular material. A section of the dorsal blood vessel belonging to xi is also contained within the testis sac but is not surrounded by testicular material. The seminal vesicles of xi, small, vertical bodies are not contained within the testis sac but are just lateral to the outer wall of the sac. So far as can be determined from the material available, the testis sac of x is similar to that of xi, and contains the hearts of x. The testis sacs of the Dawei specimen are paired, ovoidal. The anterior sacs project anteriorly 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 from 10/11 in a diagonal fashion, diverging from each other ante- riorly. The sacs are fairly widely separated and are without any apparent connection transversely. The posterior sacs (vesicles of x1 excluded) project anteriorly from the base of 11/12 toward 10/11, which is not reached. The seminal vesicles are small to medium-sized vertical bodies, paired in xi and xii, each vesicle with a dorsal primary ampulla, the primary ampullae of a segment in contact dorsally over the dorsal blood vessel. In segment xiii there is a pair of pseudo- vesicles, which may be as large as or a trifle smaller than the vesicles of xii. The prostates extend through some or all of segments xvi-xxi. The prostatic duct is 3-5 mm long, bent in a U-shape, the ectal limb much thicker than the ental limb. The spermathecal duct is not appreciably narrowed in the parietes and is as long as or slightly longer than the ampulla. The diverticu- lum, which passes into the duct at the parietes or just within the parietes, comprises a long slenderly tubular stalk with an ental, spheroidal, or asymmetrical seminal chamber; the diverticulum longer than the combined lengths of duct and ampulla. Remarks.—In one of the Tatsienlu specimens there are numerous parasitic bodies in the coelom. In xiv, of the Dawei specimen, there is a pair of fairly large stalked pseudovesicles. The ovoidal portion at the dorsal end of the stalk is brownish and has a tough, thickish rather than mem- branous, wall. The brownish material within the vesicles comprises corpuscular bodies, setae, and nematode ova. No nematodes or coe- iomic Protozoa were found. Setae as well as nematode ova have been found previously in the pseudovesicles of xiv (see, for instance, Gates, 1932, pp. 479-480). P. fornicata is distinguished from P. hongkongensis Michaelsen, 1910, by the dorsal gap in the setal circle of ii, the absence of genital markings, and the exclusion of the anterior seminal vesicles from the testis sac of xi. According to Chen (1936, p. 298) P. fornicata “is probably iden- tical with P. pingi Steph.” P. fornicata is, on the contrary, clearly distinguished from P. pingi by the horseshoe-shaped testis sacs of x and xi. Chen, however, thinks that the testis sacs are “connected ventrally and communicated” rather than as described above. Even if the ventral ends of the “horseshoe-shaped testis sac” are in com- munication as Chen suspects, the annular testis sac thus formed will still distinguish fornicata from pingi. CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 437 PHERETIMA GRAHAMI Gates 1935. Pheretima grahami Gates, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 9 (type locality: Da Shiang Lin Pass, Szechwan; types in the U. S. National Museum). 1936. Pheretima grahami CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zocl. ser., vol. 11, p. 298 (after examination of types). Material examined —From Dr. Graham: 1 clitellate specimen la- beled “Da Shiang Lin Pass, 7,000 feet, August 29, 1928”; 1 clitellate specimen labeled “Ningyuenfu, 7,000 feet, July 1928.” External characteristics —Length, 235-285 mm. Diameter, 11-15 mm. The setae begin on ii, on which segment there is a complete circle. There are no definite midventral gaps in the setal circles; middorsal gaps may be present but are of variable width. Setal numbers: vil/22-25, vili/22-27, xvii/10(+?)-26,. xviii/10(+?)-19, xix/19 (+ ?)-25, xx/80-91. (The first number of each pair is from the speci- men with the first dorsal pore on 13/14.) The first dorsal pore is on 12/13 or 13/14. The clitellum is annular and extends from 13/14 to 16/17; interseg- mental furrows and dorsal pores lacking on one specimen, slight ves- tiges of both on the other specimen. Setae are present, at least mid- ventrally, on xiv-xvi of one specimen; lacking on the other. The secondary spermathecal pores are widely separated; three pairs, on 6/7-8/9. Each pore is a wide transverse slit; the margin of the slit finely lobulated. On separating the margins of an aperture a deep invagination passing posteriorly (never anteriorly) into vil or viii or ix becomes visible. On the median wall of the invagination there is a finely lobulated ridge. On the roof of the invagination there is a large, oval, genital marking, a portion of which may be visible from the exterior if the margins of the aperture are pulled sufficiently apart. The wall of the spermathecal invagination is ex- tensively and finely wrinkled or furrowed, sometimes with an appear- ance of cross-hatching. The apertures of the copulatory chambers are somewhat irregular but approximately transversely slitlike. There is no lateral lip; the body wall just lateral to the aperture thick. Genital markings are lacking externally. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-7/8 are thickly muscular; 8/9-9/10, lacking; 10/11-12/13, thickly muscular; 13/14, museular. The intestine begins in xv. The intestinal caeca are simple; the dorsal and ventral margins without incisions; or the ventral margin may be incised in such a way as to form 4-6 widely separated, ven- trally directed, short fingerlike lobes. On the esophagus just behind the gizzard there is a conspicuous, lobed, reddish, glandular collar. 82345393 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von, 85 There is a pair of commissures belonging to ix or a single com- missure on the left side. The last pair of hearts is in xiii (2 speci- mens). All hearts of ix—xiii pass into the ventral blood vessel. The testis sacs of x and xi are ventral and unpaired. The seminal vesicles of xi and xii are firm vertical bodies filling their segments and in contact transversely above the dorsal blood vessel. In xiii and xiv of one specimen there are paired pseudovesicles, the vesicles of xiv of about the same size as the vesicles of xiii. The prostates ex- tend through xvii-xix. The prostatic duct is about 10 mm long, bent into a C-shape; the ectal two-thirds much thickened. On the floor of xviii on each side and just median to the ectal end of the prostatic duct is a large glandular mass, which can be separated with care into several discrete glands, from each of which a bundle of cords or ducts passes to a genital marking. In each copulatory chamber there are 5 or 6 genital markings; the markings circular to oval, flat- surfaced but protuberant. The minute male pore is on a rather flat- tened out but still conelike plate or tubercle, which is smaller than the genital markings. The spermathecal duct is stoutish, shorter than the ampulla, nar- rowed very abruptly within the parietes just lateral to the glandular mass on the spermathecal chamber. When the duct is pulled out carefully from the parietes a circular area, the surface of which is nearly level with the coelomic face of the body wall, becomes visible. At the center of this area there is a tiny depression from which the narrowed portion of the duct has been removed. The diverticulum, which passes into the median face of the duct close to the parietes comprises a firm, glistening stalk and a longer, thin-walled, seminal chamber. The latter may be looped in a regularly zigzag fashion, the limbs of the loops in apposition. The diverticulum (in the looped condition) is as long as or longer than the combined lengths of the duct and ampulla. The spermathecal chamber is large, club-shaped, narrowed toward the parietes (i. e., ectally), bent backward and bound to the coelomic floor by connective tissue. This tissue, however, can be cut readily so that the chamber is separated from the ventral parietes. The posterior wall of the chamber (that in contact with the ventral parietes) is thin. On the anterior face of the chamber is a large flattish mass of glandular tissue, oval in outline. From this glandu- lar mass ducts pass to the large, oval, genital marking within the spermathecal chamber. The circular area, with a central depression which becomes visible on removal of a spermatheca, is the dorsal face of a thick tough column of tissue, which passes into the lateral wall of the spermathecal chamber. The narrowed portion of the sper- mathecal duct is continued through this column to open to the ex- CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 439 terior by a minute pore on the tip of a tiny conical protuberance on the lateral margin of the large genital marking in the spermathecal chamber. Remarks.—One of the specimens is in a much poorer state of preservation than the other. The epidermis is also damaged; the setal counts on the first three postclitellar segments are incomplete. The description of the internal anatomy was derived mainly from the poorer specimen in order to keep the internal organs of the better specimen in good condition for future reference. In the coelomic cavities of both specimens there are nematodes and spheroidal, cystlike bodies. In one of the worms there are cysts of another sort in the esophageal, postgizzard collar. P. grahami is distinguished from P. vulgaris Chen, 1930, by the ventral, unpaired testis sacs of x and xi, the larger size of the sper- mathecal chamber, the posterior direction of the chamber, the at- tachment of the chamber to the ventral parietes, and the single large genital marking within the chamber. Chen (1936, p. 299) maintains (1) that the “so-called” sperma- thecal chamber of grahami is not homologous with the “parietal in- vagination of P. vulgaris” and (2) that P. grahami is a svnonym of P, tschiliensis Michaelsen 1928 : (1) The remark about homology has no significance. In P. vulgaris the spermathecal pore is not in a “parietal invagination” but within a spermathecal chamber (an invagination that extends through the parietes into the coelomic cavity). In fact the term spermathecai chamber was first used in Chen’s original description of vulgaris. The confusion is due, in part at least, to Chen’s failure to discriminate between vulgaris (copulatory chambers and U-shaped testis sacs) and P. guillelmi (Michaelsen, 1895) (male pore invaginations and ventral testis sacs). (2) Examination of the types of tschiliensts (vide description on a subsequent page) has shown that in Michaelsen’s species the primary spermathecal pores are superficial. At most the marking that bears the spermathecal pore may be slightly depressed. There is no definite invagination. In P. grahami, on the other hand, the primary sper- mathecal pore is contained within an invagination so large that it not only passes through the parietes into the coelomic cavity but extends posteriorly on the ventral parietes well toward the septum next behind. Such an unusual structure certainly distinguishes grahami from any species with superficial spermathecal pores. The copula- tory chambers further distinguish grahami from tschéliensis or any other species with male pores in invaginations restricted to the parietes. 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 85 PHERETIMA GUILLELMI (Michaelsen) 1895. Perichaeta guillelmi MICHAELSEN, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamburg, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 32, (type locality: Shi-hui-yao near Wuchang, Hupei; types in the Hamburg Museum). 1925. Pheretima houlleti SteEPHENSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1925, p. 890 (Nanking; specimens in the British Museum). 1930. Pheretima vulgaris agricola CHEN, Sci. Rep. Nat. Cent. Univ. Nanking, ser. B, vol. 1, p. 18 (part only ?) (type locality: Nanking ?; types We 1931. Peretima houlleti MicHAELSEN, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 8, p. 159 (part only ?) (excluding houlleti Michaelsen, 1899 ?). 1931. Pheretima (Ph.) houlleti MicHAELSEN (part only ?) (excluding houlleti Michaelsen, 1899 ?)+P. guillelmi Michaelsen, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull, vol. 5, pt. 3, pp. 2, 13. 1932. Pheretima guillelmi Gates, Lingnan Sci. Journ., vol. 11, p. 511. 1933. Pheretima guillelmi CHEN, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, zool. ser., vol. 9, p. 249 (part) (excluding P. vulgaris in part, forms with copu- latory chambers). 1933. Pheretima ichangensis Fane, Sinensia, vol. 7, p. 180 (type locality: Ichang, Hupei; types in the Metropolitan Museum of China). 1935. Pheretima guillelmé Gates, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 93, no. 3, p. 10. THE FOLLOWING PLACED DOUBTFULLY IN SYNONYMY: 1899. Amyntas houlleti MICHAELSEN, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 16, p. 12. 1936. Pheretima guillelmi CHen, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soe. China, zool. ser., vol. 11, p. 270 (Szechwan). Material evamined—From the Hamburg Museum: 6 specimens labeled “Pheretima (Ph.) guéllelmi Mich. W. Lohr 1. d. China. Prov. Hupei. Original Stucke.” From the British Museum: 4 clitellate specimens labeled “P. Houlleti.”. From the Metropolitan Museum of China: 2 dissected clitellate specimens labeled “P. ichang- ensis Fang. Ichang. Hupeh. 1929.” From the U. S. National Mu- seum: 2 aclitellate and 15 clitellate specimens labeled “Kiangsu- Nanking. National Southeastern University by C. Ping.” Heternal characteristics —Length, 96-150 mm. Diameter, 5-8 mm. The setae begin on ii, on which segment there is a complete circle. Setae of the preclitellar segments are enlarged, especially ventrally, the size decreasing posteriorly; regularly spaced. Middorsal and midventral gaps may be entirely lacking in the setal circles; the mid- dorsal gaps, when present, variable in width; a midventral break, when present, very slight. The setal numbers are as follows: CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 441 vii viii xvil xvii xix xx Locality 12 13 14 14 18 54 Hupei 15 16 18 17 18 56 (4). pean | eer 20 19 LOR @ eeserecain(2)¢ 15 16 15 15 17 59 1 19 17 15 17 55 Soosad | becacsos 18 15 17 60 17 17 18 16 1755 | Serooes Nanking. 17 17 20 19 1)? “fesse eee 18 19 21 16 19 eee 16 17 20 15 18 61 17 18 19 14 16 55 19 21 21 15 21 NM oseeet = 16 16 17 13 1G: fi skaws sez 16 17 18 18 20 57 (1) 21 22 22 21 22 eeoweeee Q) 16 18 20 20 21 64 13 Looe es teece 16) Wekee cess 64 12 14 16 15 16 60 14 18 18 14 16 144 16 16 7 19 19). eee Ichang 15 16 18 15 18" 2 Sees 19 21 20 18 20 64 Nanking (Brit. Mus.). 17 18 18 15 20 53 15 18 17 17 20 59 1 Aclitellate. ? Several gaps in which setal pits are visible but apparently no setae in the pits. The first dorsal pore is on 12/18 (29 specimens). The clitellum is annular, extending from 13/14 to 16/17; setae lacking on fully clitellate specimens, present ventrally on one par- tially clitellate specimen. Functional dorsal pores or nonfunctional porelike markings and slight indications of intersegmental furrows are visible on several specimens on which the clitellar glandularity may not have reached full development. There are functional dorsal pores on 13/14 and 16/17. The secondary spermathecal pores are transverse slits opening into deep pits, 3 pairs, on 6/7-8/9. The apertures of the male pore invaginations are crescentic, the concave side facing midventrally. In many of the rather soft Nan- king specimens the apertures gape open, disclosing more or less of the median wall of the invagination. The invaginations are rather shallow. The lateral lip or wall is thin and lacks setae. The median wall of the invagination is firmer than the lateral wall and is ridged, the ridge in line with the male setae and cut up, as a rule, by short furrows into fine lobes. On these lobes or between the lobes there are setae, usually 2-3 in each invagination, which have been in- cluded in the male setae in the preceding table. The setae are 0.49-0.61 mm long, straight or slightly sigmoid, with a slight bend of the ental ends, the ectal tips narrowing gradually to a bluntly 4492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOu, 85 rounded end and ornamented with short transverse rows of very fine teeth. The tips of about a quarter of the setae examined are very shortly bifid. On all except one of the fully clitellate specimens there is, on each side, a short gap in the setal circle just median to the aperture of the invagination. The setae within the invagina- tion are thus slightly isolated from the other male setae. Just lat- eral to the lobulated ridge and in the dorsalmost portion of the in- vagination is a single, bluntly rounded, rather mammalike smooth and glistening tubercle. On the ventral face of the tubercle is the minute male pore. In one of the Hamburg specimens each male pore is on a transversely oval, flat area. There are no definite gen- ital markings or papillae within the invagination aside from the male pore tubercle. The lobulations of the median ridge some- times look much like genital markings or tubercles, especially in one worm where one of the lobulations in each invagination has been crowded anteriorly into a position just in front of the main portion of the ridge. No pores have been found on these lobuwlations or demarcation into rims and central areas as on genital markings associated with glands. The only genital markings are tiny circular tubercles in close proximity to the spermathecal apertures, usually but one of these markings associated with each aperture, rarely two. The marking is on the anteriormost margin of the segment just at or actually within the secondary spermathecal aperture. The marking some- times appears to be just median to the aperture. Perhaps a more complete retraction of the spermathecal chamber would result in retracting the marking into the parietes. When two markings are visible in connection with any spermathecal pore, one is always within the aperture. In one specimen the marking in connection with each spermathecal aperture is on the posteriormost margin of the segment and immediately in front of the aperture. Internal anatomy.—Septa 5/6-7/8 are thickly muscular; 8/9-9/10 lacking; 10/11—-12/18 thickly muscular; 13/14 muscular; 14/15 slightly muscular, The intestine begins in xv (18 specimens). The intestinal caeca are simple but the ventral margins, especially posteriorly, are slightly incised in such a way as to produce an appearance of a row of very short but definite lobulations. There is a small, whitish, occa- sionally lobed, glandular collar on the esophagus just behind the gizzard. The single heart of ix is on the right side in 8 specimens, on the left side in 6 specimens. The hearts of x are present in all speci- mens but are often concealed by the connective tissue that binds CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 443 them to the anterior face of 10/11. The last pair of hearts is in xiii (18 specimens). All hearts of ix—xili pass into the ventral vessel. The testis sacs of x and xi are ventral and unpaired. The seminal vesicles of xi and xii fill their segments and reach into contact trans- versely above the dorsal vessel. Each vesicle is provided with a primary ampulla, which may be constricted off by a circumferential furrow from the ventral lamina or the base of the primary ampulla may be narrowed or flattened and sunk into the dorsal margin of the ventral lamina. The primary ampulla may reach a length equal to one third of that of the entire vesicle. The prostates extend through xvi or xvii to xix, xx, or xxi. The prostatic ducts are 6-10 mm long, each duct usually bent into a hairpin-shape, with the ectal limb much thicker than the ental limb. In a few specimens the loop is more open so that the duct has a C-shape. The thick portion of the duct at first appears to pass directly into the parietes, but if connective tissue around the duct near the parietes is carefully dissected off a much slenderer portion, bent into one or two tiny, very short U-shaped quirks, becomes visible. No stalked glands or glandular masses can be found on the parietes or within the parietes in the vicinity of the prostatic ducts. The spermathecal duct is smooth, the coelomic portion of about. the same diameter throughout and about equal in length to the ampulla. The diverticulum passes into the anterior face of the duct close to the parietes; ectal to this junction the duct is much narrowed. The diverticular stalk is slender, smooth, and firm, about equal in length to the coelomic portion of the spermathecal duct or slightly shorter, always shorter than the seminal chamber. The latter is wider than the stalk, thin-walled and zigzag looped, ap- parently within a delicate, transparent, connective tissue sac or investment. The limbs of the loops are very short and in contact. Usually all except two or three of the loops are in the same plane. In one specimen all seminal chambers are straight and without any trace of looping or constriction. If the spermathecal duct is grasped firmly at its junction with the diverticulum and carefully and slowly pulled out from the parietes, a small circular patch of tissue becomes visible which pro- jects slightly into the coelomic cavity. At the center of this patch is a tiny concave depression from which the narrowed portion of the spermathecal duct has been removed. The circular patch of tissue is the thin dorsal wall of a spermathecal chamber, which is almost entirely confined to the parietes. Within the spermathecal chamber are the genital markings or tubercles (one or rarely two) 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOu, 85 and a tiny protuberance on which the minute, primarily spermathecal pore is located. This protuberance does not appear to be definitely demarcated as are the genital markings. Closely associated with each spermathecal chamber are one or two stalked glands. The stalk of the median gland passes into the parietes at the side of the spermathecal chamber and to the genital marking visible externally just at the mouth of the chamber. The stalk of the posterior gland passes into the posterior wall of the chamber and to the genital marking that is deepest within the chamber. A third gland when present may be lateral or anterior to the spermathecal chamber. If only one gland is present it is always posterior. The stalks of the glands may be short and practically confined to the body wall or much longer and with a definitely coelomic portion. The junction of the spermathecal duct and the dorsal face of the spermathecal chamber is covered over with connective tissue and unless this tissue is dissected off the duct has the appearance of passing into the parietes undiminished in diameter. (Nore: As the spermathecal pore invagination appears to pass through the parietes into the coelomic cavity the invagination is called a spermathecal chamber, but the chamber is small, especially in comparison with that of P. grahami.) Remarks.—The Hamburg specimens are very stiff and brittle, the body wall so transparent that recognition of the external charac- teristics is difficult. The brittleness was overcome by a short period of soaking in water, but prolongation of the soaking results in a gelatinization of the organs. On the smallest aclitellate specimen the male pore areas are small, transversely oval patches in the setal circle, which are not clearly demarcated from the neighboring portion of the ventral surface. The male pores, however, can be recognized at the centers of these areas. On a slightly larger specimen the margin of each male pore area is clearly demarcated, except mesially, by a crescentic or U- shaped furrow, the concave side of the crescent or of the U facing midventrally. The deepening of this furrow produces the parietal invagination which is also crescentic to U-shaped in section. The sites of the spermathecal apertures on the aclitellate specimens are represented by tiny, almost minute, depressions on the interseg- mental furrows. One of the U. S. National Museum specimens is abnormal, having a prostate, duct, and male pore invagination in segment xix rather than xviii on the left side. In one of the Hamburg specimens there are a number of coelomic nematodes. In four of the U. S. National Museum specimens there are numbers of gregarinoid Protozoa in the coelomic cavities through- CHINESE EARTHWORMS—GATES 445 out the postclitellar segments. In one of these worms there are on the ducts of two of the spermathecae a number of vesicular out- growths similar to those recorded by Michaelsen and Stephenson from P. pingi. The British Museum specimens are not labeled, except for the notation “P. houlleti” on the invoice, but they were forwarded by Dr. C. C. A. Monro, of the British Museum, in reply to a request for Stephenson’s specimens of P. howlleti from Nanking. The worms are characterized by the presence of setae in the male pore invagi- nations and by the posterior location of the spermathecal stalked glands but differ from other specimens of P. guillelmi in the pres- ence of glandular material on the parietes just median to the ectal ends of the prostatic ducts. No definite genital markings were noted in the male pore invaginations. The first functional dorsal pore is on 12/13 on each of the four specimens, but on 2 specimens there is a porelike marking on 11/12. The specimens of P. ichangensis have been compared side by side with Stephenson’s specimens of P. houlleti (=P. guillelmi) and with the specimens of P. guillelmi. The only difference that was found was the presence in both specimens of P. ichangensis, in xviii median to the prostatic duct, of a stalked gland opening to